Dyeing of Cationized Cotton with Natural Colorant from Purple Corncob

In this investigation, dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dye extracted from purple corncob was attempted by means of pretreatment with a cationic agent, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimenthylammonium chloride (CHTAC). Maximum color yield results were achieved when the fabric was pretreated with CHTAC at a concentration of 125 g/L, followed by dyeing at 100°C for 30 min in a dye bath adjusted to pH 9. The influence of meta- and post-mordanting with AlK(SO₄)₂, CuSO₄, FeSO₄, and gallnut was subsequently explored. Compared with the unmordanted sample, post-mordanting enhanced K/S values and slightly improved light fastness, but both meta- and post-mordanting caused a reduction in wash fastness from an excellent to a fair level, with the exception of CuSO₄. Meanwhile, mordanting with gallnut increased the acid and alkaline perspiration fastness from a poor and fair to a good level.     

Influence of Ultrasonic Radiation on the Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Reactive Yellow 145 Dye

Ultrasonic (US) radiation has a promising effect in textile processing due to its eco-friendly nature, rapid, cost and time effective tool. For the present study, the cellulosic fabric and dye solution were irradiated with ultrasonic (US) radiation for different times (10–60 min.). Dyeing was performed using nonradiated and irradiated cellulosic with nonradiated and irradiated Reactive Yellow 145 dye. Different dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH, material to liquor ratio and time were optimized using irradiated dye and irradiated cotton. It is found that US treatment of dye solution for 20 minutes gives good color strength by dyeing un-irradiated fabric at 70 °C, for 35 min using dye bath of pH 9 in the presence of 5 g/100 mL of salt as exhausting agent keeping 40 mL of dye volume. Colorfastness properties of fabrics dyed at optimum condition of various shades show that US treatment has improved the grading of fastness from fair to good. It is found that US irradiation had not only enhanced the strength of dye on irradiated fabric but also improved the dyeing properties. It is also concluded that US treatment has not only reduced the dyeing time, temperature but also reduced the amount of salt and dye volume used, which is the proof that this tool is cost, time and energy effective.     

Ecological dyeing of silk fabric with Monascus

Monascus were cultured and applied in silk dyeing in this work. The bacterial morphology and cultural characteristics of Monascus were investigated. The rDNA D1/D2 and ITS gene sequences of this strain were identified. The effects of dyeing parameters on dye uptake were discussed and the dyeing method was optimized. Under the dyeing conditions (pH 3.6, 30 °C, 3 h), the dye uptake could reach 89.45%. Moreover, the soap washing and rubbing fastness of Monascus dyed fabric were both rated over Level 4. An ecological low temperature dyeing method was developed, which provides a basis for practical microbial dyeing of silk fabric.     

Determination of the Dyeing Potential of Mint and Sage Crops Wastes on Wool and Cotton Fibers

In the present study, dyeing potential of waste water from distillation process was investigated for fresh and dried herbs of Menthaspicata (MS), Menthapiperita (MP), and Salvia officinalis (SO) species. Meta-mordanting method was used in the dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics in the presence of FeSO₄·7H₂O (iron) and AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O (alum) mordants. The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELab (L*, a*, b*, C, and h°) and K/S values. The surfaces of the samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the color strength of fresh and dried plant is depended on the plant species, mordant, and fabric type. Best color intensity (K/S = 16.68) was obtained with iron mordant using fresh SO on cotton fabric. For wool fabric, the highest color strength (K/S = 9.62) was obtained with fresh SO in the presence of alum mordant. Presence of metal mordant for natural dyeing process of cotton with MS, MP, and SO extract has shown remarkable improvement in terms of dye adherence and fastness properties thus metal mordanting could be suitable alternative dyeing method for ecofriendly industrial application.     

染色条件对超细涤纶仿丝绸针织物染色性能的影响

在超细涤纶仿丝绸针织物的染整加工过程中，染色条件对染色性能影响较大。文章对不同染色条件(pH值、时间、浴比)下的染色性能(KS值、L^*、C^*值)进行测试，并以正交试验的方法得出了最佳染色工艺条件。     

棉织物的天然紫草色素染色

研究了紫草色素的提取方法以及提取工艺对色素溶出量的影响,并对紫草在棉织物上的媒处理及染色工艺进行了试验。结果表明,采用100%乙醇提取紫草色素,提取浴比(紫草的质量/无水乙醇的质量)1∶20～1∶30,提取温度40～50℃,提取时间2～4h;采用硫酸铝钾前媒法处理棉织物,硫酸铝钾质量浓度5g/L,媒处理温度70℃,时间30min,pH值为3～4;优化的染色条件为:染色温度60℃,pH值4,时间30～50min,紫草染液可重复利用1～2次;染色织物干摩擦牢度4～5级,湿摩擦牢度3～4级,皂洗牢度4级。     

High Dye Fixation Pad-Steam Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with Reactive Dyes Based on Hydrophobic Effect

ABSTRACT

To enhance the dye fixation of pad-steam dyeing with reactive dyes, we used five kinds of dyes and water–ethanol dyeing medium to investigate the hydrophobic effect in dyeing process. The results indicated that the higher the molecule weight per water soluble group, i.e. the stronger dye hydrophobicity, the higher the dye fixation rate. When dyed with hydrophobic dye, both the alkali and steaming time can be reduced to realize the saving of chemicals and energy. For the more hydrophobic C.I. Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), the appropriate sodium carbonate concentration is 20 g/L, which is 10 g/L lower than the 30 g/L of C.I. Reactive Violet 5 (RV5). Similarly, RO16 just needed 2 min of steaming time to obtain the maximum K/S value, while RV5 needed 3 min. Enhancing the hydrophobicity of dyeing medium can also increase the dye fixation rates and K/S values. The K/S values and fixation rates of fabrics dyed with RV5 increased up mostly by 31.2% and 14% via using ethanol instead of 32 vol.% water in dyeing medium, respectively. All the dyed fabrics exhibit good color fastness.     

新型低碱活性染料染色工艺研究

针对活性染料常规染棉织物工艺中纯碱用量过多的问题,采用新型的低碱活性染料对棉织物进行染色。分析了工艺参数如盐、碱及温度等对K/S值的影响,得到了低碱活性染料染棉织物较佳工艺:染料1%(owf)时,纯碱1.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色40min,浴比1∶25;染料5%(owf)时,纯碱3g/L,元明粉80g/L,80℃固色60min,浴比1∶25。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统活性染料染色时纯碱用量的1/10左右,染色织物得色量高,且染色工艺简单。     

Modification of cotton fabric for textile dyeing: industrial mercerization versus gamma irradiation

The current research is intended to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the cotton fabric and compare the dyeability of gamma irradiated fabric with that of chemically mercerized fabric using reactive dye, Reactive Violet H3R. The gray cotton fabric samples were desized and bleached, before being mercerized or irradiated, followed by dyeing with reactive dye. The cotton fabric was exposed to variable absorbed doses of 2–10 kGy. The color strength values at various levels of temperature, pH, dyeing time, and salt concentration were evaluated using optimal conditions of mercerization and gamma-ray treatment. The comparison of color strength values for the mercerized and the gamma irradiated cotton fabric showed that the irradiated fabric had high color strength at 60 °C using dye bath of pH10 in the presence of 6 g/L of exhausting agent while dyeing for 40 min. Both mercerization and irradiation increased the surface area of fibers that substantially elevated the dyeing performance and fastness properties.     

天然植物艾叶对毛织物的染色研究

通过正交试验,确定艾叶提取及其各种染色方法的适宜工艺。结果表明:较适宜方案是10 g艾叶加水300 mL,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为90 min。艾叶对毛织物染色时,直接染、预媒染、同浴媒染和后媒染均有一定的效果。艾叶染色毛织物的耐洗和耐摩擦色牢度较好,媒染剂铁盐和铜盐对颜色的增深和色牢度有一定的作用。     

The Modeling of Liquor Flow in Textile Beam Dyeing

Abstract

In fabric beam dyeing, it is difficult to apply the dye uniformly to the fabric because the fabric remains stationary while dye liquor is circulated through it. The uniformity of the liquor flow profile is critical to obtain uniform shade. This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics to determine how using metal collars and end-caps affect the liquor flow profile through the fabric during dyeing. This research found that placing the collars a distance of about 30% of the winding height under each side of the fabric gave the most uniform liquor flow profile of any collar position. In addition, the use of end-caps gave more uniform liquor flow than did the use of collars. A more uniform liquor flow profile would be expected to provide a more level dyeing.     

Microwave Assisted Modulation of Vat Dyeing of Cellulosic Fiber: Improvement in Color Characteristics

The role of radiations in textile processing is gaining attention due to its low cost, energy effectiveness and eco-friendly process. This study is concerned with the improvement in modulation of microwave assisted vat dyeing of cellulosic fiber. It was found that radiation treatment of both cotton fabric and dye solution for 1 min gives good color strength, while for redox reaction, 2.5 g of NaHSO₃, 2 mL of CH₃COOH, and 1.5 mL of H₂O₂ are the optimized conditions which show it is a cost-effective tool. Good color strength was obtained at 65 °C for 1 h dyeing using 50 mL of optimal solution in dye bath at pH 9. Finally, ISO standards for color fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration were applied at 0.5–2.5% of shade at optimal conditions which showed that microwave treatment has enhanced the color characteristics. Hence, the technique can successfully and easily be employed for surface modification of fabric for good quality dyeing with various classes of dyes.     

艾蒿提取液对羊毛织物的直接染色

研究了从艾蒿中提取天然染料的工艺和艾蒿提取液对羊毛织物的直接染色工艺.采用单因素实验方法,讨论了氢氧化钠质量浓度、提取温度、提取时间等因素对提取效果的影响,以及染色温度、时间、pH值等因素对羊毛织物染色效果的影响,优化了艾蒿提取工艺及提取液对羊毛织物的染色工艺.结果显示,艾蒿提取的较优工艺为:氢氧化钠质量浓度10 g,/L、提取温度90℃、提取时间60 min、料液比1∶20.艾蒿提取液对羊毛织物的直接染色工艺为:温度90℃、时间60 min、pH值4.5.染色羊毛织物耐摩擦和耐皂洗牢度尚可,具有抗菌及芳香性.     

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Silk and Cotton Textiles Using Combination of Three Natural Colorants

Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with combination of three colorants extracted from Acacia catechu (AC), Alkanna tinctoria (AT), and Curcuma Longa (CL) in nine different formulations at 80°C by exhaustion method without mordanting. Dyed samples were evaluated for color value and washing fastness. The biodegradability of dye bath effluent was assessed by measuring the pH, TDS and COD of the residual dye bath liquor. It is inferred that the final color of dyed fabrics from each formulation is governed by the dominant natural dye in the dyeing combination. K/S values inferred that the exhaustion of natural dye is higher in silk fabric than cotton fabric in all formulations. It could be concluded that in the dyeing combination, colorant that have very good affinity towards the functional groups of fibers, itself acts as mordant for other natural colorants.     

Optimization of Natural Dye Extracted from Phytolaccaceae Berries and Its Mordant Dyeing Properties on Natural Silk Fabric

A moderate approach was used to extract natural dye from wild Phytolaccaceae berries, and the stability and dyeing properties on the silk fabric of the exacted Phytolaccaceae natural dye was investigated. Via stability analysis, the natural dye had excellent stability during heating, pH or adding Metal ions. When the dyeing temperature was 30ºC, the K/S value of the dyed silk fabric was 6.3, and with SnCl₂ mordant, the K/S value was increased 14.3%. The rubbing and washing fastness via metal mordant were increased by 0.5–1.5 grade compared to the fastness of fabric treated with direct dyeing method.     

Dyeability,Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Aspects of Bombyx Mori Muslin Silk Fabric with Bi-Functional Reactive Dyes

ABSTRACT

Bombyx mori

muslin silk fabric was dyed with three different bi-functional reactive dyes in exhaust method. Dyeability of the silk fabric was analyzed by reflectance spectra, microscopic appearance, color strength, and saturation limit. Thermal influence on dye exhaustion, migration index, level dyeing factor, and color fastness properties were also investigated. Different kinetic models were approached to study dynamic behavior of dye adsorption and predictability of the models was assessed by co-efficient of regression (r²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Some physico-chemical parameters such as activation energy and chemical potential of dyeing were also evaluated. Brilliant color was observed on silk by all class of reactive dyes. A controlled dyeing condition was also suggested to avoid the risk of unlevel dyeing. Wet fastness properties exhibited excellent results on silk fabric. The adsorption data conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with r ² ≥ 0.94 and the activation energy (ΔE) valued (≥55 kJ/mol) within the range of chemisorption for all dyes. The increase of negativity of chemical potential supported higher dye uptake on silk at elevated temperature.     

竹叶提取液对羊毛织物的染色工艺

用碱性溶液提取竹叶色素,并用该提取液对羊毛织物进行染色.讨论了染色pH值、温度、时间、硫酸钠用量、媒染等因素对羊毛织物染色效果的影响.研究结果表明,竹叶提取液对羊毛织物直接染色的优化工艺为:染色pH值5左右、染色温度100℃、染色时间75 min,浴比1∶50;不同的媒染剂及媒染方法可获得不同的色调,后媒法染色可适当提高染色羊毛织物的耐皂洗色牢度.     

A Novel Natural Source Sterculia foetida Fruit Shell Waste as Colorant and Ultraviolet Protection for Linen

There has been a growing interest in natural dyes and consciousness about ill effects of ultraviolet rays on the human skin. This paper discusses dye extraction from the fruit shell waste of Sterculia foetida and its application on linen fabric for dyeing as well as ultraviolet protection (UPF) property. Optimal results were achieved for dyeing at 90°C for 60 min at 30% concentration of the dye on the weight of fabric using pre- and post-mordant dyeing techniques. Dyeing on linen fabric with and without mordant showed very good results in terms of different hues of color and UPF. Treated fabrics showed substantial increase in color depth and good to very good wash, light and rubbing fastness properties for both with and without mordant-dyed linen fabrics. The results confirmed that natural dye from Sterculia foetida fruit shell extract has potential applications for linen dyeing and producing a good to very good UPF.     

食用靛蓝对真丝织物的少水染色工艺

采用花生油作为食用靛蓝、水和醋酸染色时分散的介质,无需加入分散剂,通过高速剪切即可制备成较稳定的染液,研究了织物含水率、染色温度、染色时间和醋酸用量对染色效果的影响,并测试了油的回用性能、染色牢度以及染色后处理之后织物含油率.结果 表明,优化的染色工艺:食用靛蓝2％,织物初始带液率为50％,织物∶染料水溶液∶油=1.0...     

黄麻/棉混纺织物阳离子改性及其染色性能

为改善黄麻/棉混纺织物的染色性能,实现活性染料低盐低碱染色,对黄麻/棉混纺织物阳离子改性进行研究,并探讨阳离子改性对织物染色性能的影响.通过研究获得了最佳改性工艺:Glytac质量浓度为40g/L,氢氧化钠质量浓度为8g/L,JFC质量浓度为2g/L,温度为60℃,时间为45 min,浴比为1:20.研究结果表明:黄麻...