某稀土伴生放射性废渣库闭库封场设计

概述了三类固体废物填埋场的封场系统结构层设计,通过对比,结合实际工程案例,提出了稀土废渣库封场结构层设计方案。该设计方案为此类废渣库的闭库封场设计和相关标准规范的制定提供了参考依据。     

粘土矿物的改性及其处理有机废水的研究现状

粘土矿物的改性及其对有机废水的净化是目前污水处理的研究热点，本文介绍了我国应用改性粘土净化有机废水的研究现状。     

粘土矿物在核废物处理中的应用

阐述了粘土矿物的结构特性及其作为无机离子交换剂、回填材料等在核废物处理中的应用,从目前国内外的研究成果来看,粘土矿物具有广阔的应用前景。     

活性白土酸性废液的综合利用研究

活性白土是以膨润土与硫酸经高温反应制成的。对活性白土及其活化过程中产生的酸性废液的组成进行了分析。提出了在活性白土生产工艺流程中,循环使用硫酸酸性废液以提高硫酸的利用率,并从废液中回收铝盐制备硫酸铝铵与聚合硫酸铝等化工产品。不仅使硫酸原料与膨润土矿产资源得到充分利用,节约了硫酸,增加了非金属矿产的附加值,提高了经济效益;且从根本上消除和减少了污染源,减少了硫酸及其盐类的排放,降低了污水处理成本,利于环保。     

建筑垃圾黏土砖的水热固化再利用

利用水热固化技术通过添加消石灰,可将建筑垃圾黏土砖在低温(～200℃)下固化成抗折强度约为23 MPa的建筑材料。实验结果表明,样品强度增加的主要原因是托勃莫来石晶相的生成,而托勃莫来石的量受蒸馏水添加量、Ca(OH)2添加量、固化时间、固化温度等因素的影响。     

炉渣改良淤泥质粉质黏土力学性质试验研究

以探究垃圾焚烧炉渣改良黏性土力学性能为目的,在不同的竖向压力(100~800 k Pa)下,对上海淤泥质粉质黏土掺和炉渣后的混合重塑土样进行了室内直剪试验研究,得到了混合土剪切破坏的变形特性和强度特性。结果表明,随着炉渣掺量的增加,混合土样的抗剪强度逐渐增大,受力由黏性土逐渐转向炉渣。最后,通过对试验后混合土样破坏面的观察,分析了土-渣混合物强度提高的作用机理。     

紫金山金矿含金固体废弃物的综合利用

针对福建省紫金山金矿含金固体废弃物含金量低、含泥量高的特点,进行了深入的实验室试验研究,探讨了不磨矿直接洗矿、粗粒级堆浸、细粒级全泥氰化组合新工艺。试验结果说明该工艺适合此类矿石的再利用,对中国其他地区的大型特大型金矿固体废弃物的利用,也有重要的借鉴推广意义。     

煤系硫铁矿的加热特征及其应用研究

通过X-射线衍射和差热分析,探讨了硫铁矿在300~400 ℃的加热特性.通过大量的对比实验,发现用加热到300~400 ℃的硫铁矿来处理含六价铬废水的效果比天然煤系硫铁矿高两倍.煤系硫铁矿与还原铁粉混合（配比为100∶〖KG-*2〗10）加热,加热温度为200 ℃,加热时间为10 min 条件下,用来处理含镍废水具有较好的效果.可见,煤系硫铁矿在不同加热方式和温度下,具有不同的用途.     

危险废物填埋土壤中的重金属污染扩散特征分析

针对Calpuff模型、主成分分析法缺少对气候条件和特定条件下的空间污染特征分析导致扩散模拟结果不精准的问题,提出了危险废物填埋土壤中的重金属污染扩散特征分析方法。确定污染区域,分析该地区的风速风向、温度。通过分析各地区重金属污染分布情况,计算各区域元素的平均污染指数,建立扩散模型。根据这一模型求得采样点与污染源之间的距离,并以此距离精确计算采样点土壤受污染程度。以富集系数为主要的参数指标测量土壤和沉积物中的重金属含量,按富集系数大小划分污染程度等级,完成重金属污染扩散特征分析。由扩散模拟分析结果可知,该方法与实际全年超标率基本一致,最大误差为0.1%,为危险废物填埋提供了数据支持。     

利用稀土工业废弃物生产水泥熟料

稀土元素在 4× 10 -6～ 2× 10 -4 的微量范围内可改善水泥生料易烧性 ,降低熟料中游离氧化钙 ,增加阿利特 (硅酸三钙 )含量。利用稀土工业废弃物取代部分粘土能提高水泥熟料产量和质量     

Valorization of acid mine drainage treatment sludge as remediation component to control acid generation from mine wastes,part 2: Field experimentation

The possibility of using acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment sludge as a cover component to control AMD generation from mine wastes was investigated through laboratory characterization and kinetic column testing (companion paper). The results showed that mixtures of sludge and waste rock, and sludge and tailings, may be integrated in an AMD prevention and control strategy at Doyon mine site (northwestern Quebec, Canada). In order to further investigate these scenarios in realistic climatic conditions, instrumented field test cells were installed on site to evaluate the performance of the mixtures to control AMD generation from tailings and waste rock under natural field conditions. The main findings from two seasons of monitoring are presented in the paper. The waste rock-sludge mixture placed over waste rock was able to reduce the generation of AMD from the waste rock, therefore confirming lab results, and was able to produce a neutral effluent with low concentrations of dissolved metals. The tailings-sludge mixture placed over tailings, with an evaporation protection layer, maintained a high volumetric water content and reduced sulphide oxidation from the tailings as exhibited by a neutral effluent. Monitoring of the field cells will continue to provide valuable information on the possible sludge valorization options.     

喷射混凝土专用复合水泥的研制

本文介绍了利用煤研石及其沸腾炉灰渣代替粘土和部分煤配料，辅之于多功能混合剂，成功地研制了一种在施工时不需加速凝剂适用于潮喷工艺，并能提高混凝土后期强度的高标号喷射混凝土专用复合水泥。     

某工业废渣堆放场地重金属污染特征与健康风险评估

以某工业废渣堆积场为例,探讨了该场地废渣、土壤和地下水中重金属污染特征,着重评估了重金属污染对人体的致癌风险和危害商值。结果表明:1)场地废渣中8种重金属(As、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg)均有不同程度超标,其中As污染范围最大(超标率达91%),Cr存在高污染集中区,土壤中Cu、Ni、Zn和Cd浓度超出当地背景值,地下水中As和Ni也存在超标现象;2)废渣和土壤中的As、Ni和Cr三种重金属的致癌风险水平均超过了致癌风险可接受水平(1.0×10^-6),其中Cr的致癌风险最高,高达5.3×10^-3,相同金属元素废渣的致癌风险值大于其在土壤中的风险值;3)废渣中As、Cr和Cd的危害商值大于其可接受水平(1),其中Cr的危害商值最大(高达7.5),土壤中重金属的危害商值基本在可接受范围(除As外);4)三种暴露途径按贡献率从大到小依次为:经口摄入>吸入土壤颗粒物>皮肤接触。     

The interaction of clay minerals with gypsum and its effects on copper–gold flotation

The interaction of two clay minerals, kaolinite and bentonite with gypsum and its effects on the flotation of a copper–gold ore was investigated in this study. It was found that bentonite increased the viscosity more than kaolinite when mixed with the copper–gold ore at low shear rates. The detrimental effect of these clay minerals on flotation was attributed to the entrainment of clay particles when kaolinite was added to the ore and to a decrease in true flotation by bentonite. Bentonite formed a sponge-like structure with predominant edge–edge (E–E) interactions which might affect hydrodynamics in the flotation cell and have a detrimental effect on flotation recovery. Kaolinite did not form a particular network structure and its aggregates mostly consisted of face–face (F–F) type associations which did not affect flotation hydrodynamics. The addition of gypsum to the ore–bentonite mixture inhibited the formation of interconnected network structures. This led to lower viscosity values with flotation behaviour similar to that of mixtures with kaolinite. In this case, there was an improvement in recovery, but the grade decreased due to entrainment. The addition of gypsum to the ore–kaolinite mixture created aggregates with long strings further enhancing particle entrainment with more mass transported to the froth.     

Valorisation of acid mine drainage treatment sludge as remediation component to control acid generation from mine wastes,part 1: Material characterization and laboratory kinetic testing

In operating mines, acid mine drainage (AMD) is often treated using lime treatment. This process generates a significant amount of sludge that contains metal hydroxide precipitates, gypsum, and unreacted lime. The sludge may have interesting geotechnical and geochemical properties to be used as a part of covers (oxygen barriers) to prevent AMD generation from waste rocks and tailings. The main results of a project aiming to evaluate the use of sludge from the Doyon mine site (Canada) as a material in mine site rehabilitation are presented. The first part of the project involved detailed characterization of sludge, waste rock, and tailings samples. Then, laboratory column leaching tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures to control AMD produced by tailings and waste rocks. It was found that a sludge–waste rock mixture placed over waste rock reduces the metal loads in the column effluent, which remained acidic, as well as a mixture of sludge and tailings deposited over tailings can reduce metal content in effluents from tailings.     

粘土矿物的物化性能及其在环境保护中的应用

粘土矿物为层状硅酸盐,具良好的吸附性能和阳离子交换性能。本又归纳总结了粘土矿物在废水处理、固体废物处理、放射性废物处理及废气处理方面的最新用途,提出粘土矿物在环保领域有广阔的应用前景。     

废旧钕铁硼火法回收研究现状及进展

钕铁硼磁体(NdFeB)广泛应用于电机、电子电器、医疗器械、航天航空等高科技领域,且用量逐年增加。同时产生的废旧钕铁硼也越来越多。对废旧钕铁硼废料进行回收利用有助于解决中国稀土资源短缺,环境污染和资源浪费的问题。因此,系统的研究废旧钕铁硼的资回收利用非常重要。根据废旧钕铁硼的类型(污泥或废料),可以采用从湿法冶金、电化学到火法冶金的不同途径从废钕铁硼中回收稀土。本文系统综述了火法冶金回收废旧钕铁硼的主要方法,并总结了这些方法的优缺点,以期在有效回收废旧钕铁硼的工艺研究上提供理论指导。     

矸石充填采煤工艺及配套设备研究

矸石充填采煤对充填巷内矸石运输设备有以下要求：矸石输送机在矸石充填过程中不断外移、机架不断拆除、皮带不断缩短、机尾卸矸点与矸石充填部搭接问题等．通过理论计算与分析,将现有DSP1010／650机头驱动式胶带输送机改造为机尾驱动式,并安设可伸缩带式输送机自动张紧装置;设计了矸石充填工艺,并在邢东矿井得到成功应用．试验表明：该配套设备不但完全满足矸石充填采煤工艺系统对其性能要求,而且充填效率高、性能稳定、拉紧装置的可靠性强、运行良好,解决了矸石充填配套设备影响充填速度的问题．该项技术实现了矸石井下处理与建筑物下煤炭资源的充分利用．     

Characterisation and liberation of chromium from fine ferrochrome waste materials

Three types of generic chromium (Cr)-containing wastes are generated during ferrochrome (FeCr) production, i.e. slag, bag filter dust (BFD) and venturi sludge. Slag is by volume the largest waste; however, fine FeCr waste materials (e.g. BFD, venturi sludge) are from an environmental perspective the most important. The loss of Cr units to FeCr waste streams represents both an added cost burden (related to disposal/storage) and a loss of revenue in terms of contained Cr units. In this paper, the novel idea of the liberation of Cr units from FeCr BFD and the ultra-fine fraction of slag (UFS) with aqueous ozonation and the advanced oxidation process was investigated. Several techniques were used to characterise both case study waste materials, i.e. particle size distribution, chemical composition, chemical surface composition and crystalline content analysis. Results indicated that limited Cr liberation could be obtained from the waste materials utilising aqueous ozonation. For BFD, only a maximum of 4.2% of total Cr liberation was achieved. However, the Cr liberation of BFD was substantially higher than that achieved for the UFS, which was attributed to the difference in characteristics of the two materials. Cr liberation observed was related to the formation of the OH radicals during the spontaneous decomposition of aqueous O₃. Application of the advanced oxidation process by the addition of H₂O₂ during ozonation increased Cr liberation dramatically. More than 21% of total Cr liberation could be achieved for both the waste materials used in this investigation. Although the afore-mentioned Cr liberation level is unlikely to be commercially viable, the investigation proved that further research could optimise this process.     

Characterization of gold particles in recoverable waste matrix

Over the years there has been increasing interest in gold recovery from many different kinds of waste. Beneficiation processes, applied to gold recovery from old mine dumps, electronic scrap, dental scrap and jewellery waste have been extensively studied. To obtain good results, these processes need to start from a reliable physical characterisation of the occurrence of gold particles. This can be quite difficult due to the great heterogeneity of the matrix that holds the precious metal.The present work, applied to jewellery waste as a case study, shows that image processing techniques, applied to pictures obtained from optical microscopy or SEM, can offer good results. Nevertheless, information from chemical analyses, related to a size distribution, carried out by traditional wet-sieving, can be misinterpreted due to an overestimation of the influence of the associations between constituent particulate elements into waste.