吸音纤维材料

综述了吸音机理及其测定方法,举例说明了聚酯非织造材料及其边材回用品的吸音特性,建筑用吸音材料对噪音及音响的控制,并介绍了聚酯非织造环保吸音材料.     

聚酯纤维针刺非织造材料的吸声性能研究

主要研究了聚酯纤维针刺非织造材料在200~2 000 Hz声波频率范围内的吸声性能。从材料的厚度、针刺密度、表面粗糙度和组成纤维四方面来研究其吸声性能的影响因素。由实验得出,非织造材料的吸声性能主要取决于材料的厚度和表面特征,组成纤维也有一定的影响作用。     

溶剂法回收废旧聚酯纺织品技术

利用二甲基亚砜（DMSO）溶解纯涤织物及涤/棉混纺织物,并回收利用涤纶（PET）和棉纤维。研究结果表明,DMSO试剂可以回收纯涤织物,尤其当温度在185~194℃时DMSO与纯涤织物溶解反应相对较快,溶解时间为12min。在一定反应时间内DMSO易溶解涤纶而不溶棉纤维,将其用于回收PET和棉纤维。涤/棉织物投入到温度为185~194℃的 DMSO试剂中,溶解60min,将不溶于DMSO试剂的棉纤维在温度为185~194℃的条件下滤出并回收,同时从溶解液中回收聚酯。回收的棉纤维性能稳定,运用领域广泛。再生PET的特性粘度随DMSO试剂回收率的增加而增大。     

Sound and thermal insulation properties of flax/low melt PET needle punched nonwovens

Noise pollution is an ever increasing problem in the world because of the industrial revolution. Recently, researchers have begun investigating natural fiber composites as potential materials for the manufacture of sound absorption structures. In this work, flax/low melting point polyester needle punched nonwoven fabrics were manufactured and characterized for sound and thermal insulation applications. Nonwovens were developed by blending flax fibers with low melt PET at three blend ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) with 7 mm and 10 mm needle penetration depth. The test results showed that there was a decrease in thermal resistance value with increase in low melt PET % and needle penetration depth. The developed nonwovens had better sound insulation value at medium and high frequency. There was no significant change in sound insulation value with increase in low melt PET %.     

Analysis of the effect of fiber cross section and different bonding methods on sound absorption performance of PET fiber based nonwovens using Taguchi method

Abstract

In this study, sound absorption coefficients (SACs) of needle-punched and thermal-bonded nonwovens produced from polyester (PET) fibers with various cross sections, i.e., hollow, round and hexaflower, blended with a low melt PET, was reported. The acoustic performance of a hexaflower PET fiber was studied for the first time. Fibers were carded and then one set of samples was bonded by needle punching while the other set was air-through thermal bonded. A third set of samples was needled at various punch densities. Design of experiments was planned according to Taguchi method. Relationship between production parameters and SAC was analyzed using Minitab software. The most important independent variables affecting the sound absorption were areal density and web bonding method. The sample produced according to optimum production levels reached to a SAC value of 0.57 at 2000?Hz which could be a suitable choice for acoustic applications in the automotive industry.     

基于BP神经网络的非织造材料基复合吸声体吸声系数预测

以涤纶针刺非织造材料和聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料为研究对象,通过实验获得其物理结构参数,并将复合前后非织造材料厚度、面密度、孔隙率和孔径作为BP神经网络的输入项,用于预测吸声体的平均吸声系数,同时通过调节输入神经元个数、传递函数和隐含层个数构建了最佳的BP神经网络预测模型。对非织造材料基复合吸声体的吸声性能进行预测,并与测试结果进行了对比。结果表明,运用BP神经网络可以建立较理想的适用于复合吸声体平均吸声系数预测的模型。     

三维导湿结构环保针织面料开发与吸湿速干性能评价

为开发环保吸湿速干面料,设计新型三维导湿结构织造变化纬编间隔双面针织物,并结合单面和双面组织,采用天丝和再生涤纶制备9种针织面料。在变化纬编间隔组织下,将天丝/再生涤纶织物同天丝/中空涤纶织物和天丝/杜邦^TMSorona®织物进行对比。通过动态水分传递法与单项组合试验法对各织物进行测试分析,采用模糊综合评价法对各织物吸湿速干性能进行对比。结果表明:通过2种测试方法得到的面料吸湿速干性能优劣排序存在差异;综合分析发现采用18 tex天丝/33.3 tex(96 f)再生涤纶长丝织造的三维导湿结构变化纬编间隔双面织物吸湿速干性能最好;单层织物中,采用纬平针组织织造的天丝/再生涤纶长丝混合针织物吸湿速干性能较好,有潜力应用于绿色环保型运动服装领域。     

Study on the effects of denier and shapes of polyester fibres on acoustic performance of needle-punched nonwovens with air-gap: comparison of artificial neural network and regression modelling approaches to predict the sound absorption coefficient of nonwovens

In this article, a comparative analysis of artificial neural network (ANN) and regression modelling approaches has been carried out to predict the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of nonwovens plus air-gap at wide range of frequencies (50–6300?Hz). Needle-punched nonwoven fabrics were produced with different denier and cross-sectional shapes of polyester fibres to study their combined effect on acoustic performance of nonwovens. The surface area of fibres, specific airflow resistance and mean flow pore size of nonwovens were analysed to explain their sound absorption behaviour. Finer fibre nonwovens perform better than the coarser fibre nonwoven as sound absorber. The effective surface areas of fibres in the nonwoven structure greatly affects the SAC. Finer fibres will get aligned easily in z-direction compared to coarser fibres, facilitating formation of more tortuous channels in the fabric structure contributing damping of sound waves. It has been observed that ANN model predicts the SAC with high degree of accuracy than the regression model. The ranking of input parameters in predicting SAC of nonwovens was analysed. Both the models ranked frequency of sound is the major determinant for predicting SAC followed by specific airflow resistance of nonwoven fabric.     

基于ABAQUS的涤/棉混纺机织物起球过程有限元仿真

为更好地了解涤/棉混纺机织物起毛起球过程,基于对织物起球过程表面毛羽测量得到的毛羽分布特征,借助PYTHON语言建立了织物及其表面毛羽的几何模型,同时利用有限元软件ABAQUS研究了涤/棉混纺机织物表面毛羽的起球过程,分析了涤纶弹性模量对涤/棉混纺机织物起球过程的起球等级、能量吸收形式的影响规律,并将有限元仿真的起球结果和实测起球结果进行对比分析。结果表明:涤纶弹性模量的增加使得涤/棉混纺机织物的起毛起球等级降低;摩擦耗散能是涤/棉混纺机织物起毛起球过程的主要能量吸收形式,织物起毛起球等级的仿真结果与实验结果的差异在7.4%以内,证明有限元仿真的可行性。     

Investigation of the quality properties of open-end spun recycled yarns made from blends of recycled fabric scrap wastes and virgin polyester fibre

Recycled fibre obtained from fabric scrap wastes is characterized by its low quality properties in terms of inhomogeneous fibre type and non-uniformly distributed short fibre lengths, both of which negatively influences the production process and the quality of the recycled yarns made from it. One of the common ways to utilize recycled fibre in yarn production is to blend it with virgin fibres. In this research article, the quality properties of the open-end spun recycled yarns produced in different material and spinning parameters from blends of recycled fabric scrap wastes and virgin polyester fibres are investigated. As material and spinning parameters, yarn count, blend ratio, waste type, waste origin, twist coefficient and rotor diameter are selected and their effects on the quality properties of the recycled yarns are evaluated through statistical methods. Statistical results reveal that especially blend ratio, yarn count and twist coefficient significantly affect the quality properties. In general, incorporation of virgin polyester fibre to recycled fibre tends to bring about improvement in yarn quality.     

针刺非织造材料形态与组合结构对材料吸声性能的影响

利用驻波管测试方法研究了几种不同厚度、不同密度和两种不同类型的纤维材料及其组合结构的吸声性能。研究结果表明,材料厚度的单因子条件与材料的吸声系数呈正线性相关;随着材料体积密度的增加,中低频声波的吸声系数提高,而高频声波的吸声系数呈现先提高后降低的趋势;材料的组合结构对材料的吸声性能影响很大,由中空纤维制成的低密度非织造材料与高密度非织造材料组合,并将高密度非织造材料置于表面,该组合方式的材料其吸声性能明显优于其他几种组合方式的材料。     

Long term hygroscopic characteristics of polypropylene based hybrid composites with and without organo-modified clay

Recycled PP contains various impurities and has poor and variable mechanical properties compared to virgin PP. This, in general, rules out the use of recycled PP in the original applications and in other high-value applications. Hence, this study investigated the effects of polymer matrix type, weight fraction of wood flour and organoclay on the thickness swelling and water absorption behavior of PP based hybrid composites. WPCs based on polypropylene (virgin and recycled), wood flour, organoclay and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) were made using melt compounding and subsequent injection molding. Composites made from recycled polypropylene (rPP) exhibited better dimensional stability compared to the virgin (vPP) based ones. Besides, wood flour did not completely encapsulate in the polymer matrix at 50 % weight fraction. Incorporation of nanoclay exhibited a beneficial effect on both the water absorption and thickness swelling by creating a tortuous path as a result of its characteristic barrier property. The improvements in hygroscopic characteristics of hybrid composites using rPP and nanoclay were further supported by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. Conclusively, PP recycled from post-consumer applications can be used in value-added composites without accepting the expense of separating out impurities from the polymer.     

Characterization and analysis of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) fibres and its potential application in sound insulation

Ridge gourd, the fruit of Luffa acutangula, is extensively used throughout the world. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of scientific information related to the thermal, mechanical and chemical properties of these fibres to explore its potential application in textile industry. This research work is aimed to characterize the L. acutangula plant and investigate its potential application in sound insulation. The fibres are arranged in a cell like structure, when opened it gives a very lower fibre length of less than 10 mm. The chemical composition of fibres is as like other lignocellulosic fibres having around 64% cellulose, 21% hemicellulose and 10% lignin. The density is of fibre is around 1.46 g/cc and having the average linear density of 432 denier. The nonwovens were produced by blending the L. acutangula fibre with cotton as well polyester fibre webs using layering technique at three different blend proportions and their influence on bulk density, sound insulation, thermal resistivity and air permeability has been analysed. The ANOVA analysis showed that all the properties mentioned above was significantly influenced by the blend proportion of L. acutangula. The nonwoven sample produced from 50/50 blend proportion of cotton/luffa and polyester/luffa samples showed better sound reduction and thermal resistivity compared to other samples. The cell-like structure of luffa combined with low bulk density and higher thickness resulted in better results.     

聚乙烯/聚酯纤维卷曲对热风非织造材料性能的影响

为获得蓬松、棉柔兼具丝柔爽滑特点的卫生用热风非织造材料,选取皮芯结构的聚乙烯/聚酯纤维为原料,通过控制生产工艺改变纤维的卷曲度,制备20 g/m^2的不同结构的热风非织造材料。通过对热风非织造材料性能的测试分析,研究聚乙烯/聚酯纤维的卷曲度对热风非织造材料的机械、透气、透湿、渗透、回渗、摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:聚乙烯/聚酯纤维的卷曲度降低,制得的热风非织造材料的液体渗透速率、摩擦性能均有所提高,机械、透气、透湿性能基本不变。当聚乙烯/聚酯纤维的卷曲度为12.08%时,制得的热风非织造材料的渗透时间为0.61 s,回渗量为0.04 g,试样横、纵向摩擦因数分别为0.217、0.190,其透湿、渗透、摩擦性能均优于同面密度下的纺粘非织造材料,可应用于一次性卫生用品面层材料。     

细菌纤维素/涤纶非织造布自编织复合材料的制备及其性能

为探索细菌纤维素/涤纶非织造布复合材料的结构与性能,以涤纶非织造布为基材,利用生物复合的方法,自编织制得细菌纤维素/涤纶非织造布复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、热重分析仪、表面张力仪、万能试验机对复合材料的形貌、结构、热稳定性、亲疏水性、拉伸力学性能进行表征。结果表明：涤纶非织造布中纤维被细菌纤维素黏附、缠绕、穿插,二者实现较好地复合;复合材料中出现羟基官能团,红外光谱图发生轻微地红移现象;复合后材料的热稳定性、亲水性得到改善;对比涤纶非织造布,细菌纤维素/涤纶非织造布复合材料的拉伸力学性能提高,且复合材料的断裂强度随细菌纤维素含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。     

涤纶以及新型聚酯纤维在非织造布领域的应用

概述涤纶以及聚酯新纤维PTT、PBT等在非织造布领域的应用前景 ,介绍了上海石化在新产品以及功能性纤维和聚酯新纤维方面的开发状况 ,提出涤纶和聚酯新纤维在非织造布领域的发展具有三大趋势。随着涤纶和新纤维性能和品种的不断完善和开发 ,其在非织造布领域的应用将会有较大的发展。     

亲水易染型聚酯纤维及其织物性能

 对亲水易染型逸绵纤维及其织物性能进行了介绍,重点介绍了易染型逸绵纤维及其纱线产品的基本物理指标,易染型逸绵纤维织物的染整加工特性和织物性能。易染型逸绵纤维可以使用分散染料常压沸染,其和棉混纺织物可以一浴一步染色,有较好的节能效果,其强度适中,手感柔软,亲水性好,有很好的仿棉特性。易染型逸绵织物吸湿速干性大大优于常规聚酯纤维织物和纯棉织物,适合开发各种休闲面料和运动面料,应用前景非常广阔。     

Properties of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) composite fibers

Hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) with aliphatic–aromatic structure was synthesized and extruded with recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) chips obtained from used water bottles, with ratio of 0.5% and 1?wt% of HBPET. Filament fibers from pure recycled PET (RPET-0) and (RPET-0.5 and RPET-1) composite were spun using a melt spinning process and drawn by a thermal drawing process to improve their mechanical properties. The effects of addition of HBPET on the properties of produced fibers as well as draw ratio are investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), universal tensile analysis, and sonic velocity. It was found that mechanical properties of the (RPET-0.5 and RPET-1) fibers were improved with respect to pure recycled PET (PET-0) fibers. Moreover, the crystallinity of composites fibers was also increased with an increasing of HBPET content. The improvement in mechanical properties may be due to the increase of orientation of fiber molecules along the fiber axis. Moreover, addition of HBPET serves as lubricant within recycled PET matrix which increased its mechanical properties.     

废弃纤维吸声复合材料的制备及其吸声性能

针对废弃纺织纤维利用率不高的问题,采用共混-热压工艺,以废弃纤维为增强材料,以热塑性聚氨酯为基体材料,制备废弃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料。将废弃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料加工成穿孔板,并与废弃涤纶织物贴合,构成吸声复合材料。重点研究吸声复合材料中穿孔直径、穿孔板厚度、穿孔率及废弃涤纶织物层数四种结构参数对材料吸声性能的影响。结果表明,穿孔直径主要影响吸声材料的吸声系数峰值;穿孔板厚度、穿孔率和废弃涤纶织物的层数主要影响吸声材料的吸声频带范围。     

废旧棉/涤混纺织物的组分快速分离及其含量测定

基于高效溶解纤维素的低黏度离子液体/共溶剂体系,提出了一种废旧棉/涤(PET)混纺织物的组分分离与含量测定方法。考察了离子液体与共溶剂的种类及比例对废旧棉/涤混纺织物各组分的溶解能力、溶液黏度及分离过程对回收组分结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明：1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐/二甲基亚砜(质量比为1∶1)共溶剂体系可选择性高效溶解棉/涤混纺织物中的纤维素成分,所得纤维素溶液黏度较低,经简单过滤即可实现棉/涤混纺织物中纤维素和PET的高效分离,该溶解分离过程在25～60℃即可实现,纤维素组分几乎不降解,可进一步加工成膜、纤维及凝胶微球等材料,未经预粉碎的废旧织物分离后回收的PET纤维形态完整,纯度高。该方法不仅能实现棉/涤混纺织物的组分分离,而且能准确测定棉(纤维素)和涤(PET)组成含量,有助于废旧纺织物的高效回收与再利用,具有重要的应用前景。