三维整体中空复合材料压缩性能的有限元分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS, 建立了三维整体中空复合材料结构模型, 进行压缩力学性能分析。利用该模型, 以芯材高度、 芯材密度和材料特性(弹性模量)为参数, 详细研究了其对材料压缩性能的影响, 并对其影响特征进行了分析和讨论。结果表明: 三维整体中空复合材料在受压状态下, 芯材与上下面板相接处应力最大, 最容易发生压缩破坏; 材料的压缩性能随着芯材密度、 材料弹性模量的增加而提高, 随着芯材高度的增加而下降。该研究结果可为整体中空复合材料的结构优化提供参考。      

Stability Analysis of Laminated Soft Core Sandwich Plates Using Higher Order Zig-Zag Plate Theory

C₀ finite element model based on higher order zig-zag plate theory is used to study the stability analysis of laminated sandwich plates. The in-plane displacement field is obtained by superposing a global cubically varying displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement field with different slope in each layer. The transverse displacement assumes to have a quadratic variation within the core and constant in the faces. The conditions regarding transverse shear stress at layer interfaces and top and bottom are satisfied. Numerical examples covering different features of laminated sandwich plates are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the model.     

飞机典型薄壁复合材料夹层结构整体屈曲

为了研究飞机机身无筋无框复合材料典型薄壁夹层结构在型号上应用的可行性,本文采用解析方法、有限元方法和试验方法对蜂窝夹层复合材料结构的面内压缩和剪切整体屈曲开展系统研究。基于经典层合板理论和工程解析方法推导蜂窝夹层复合材料的压缩和剪切屈曲载荷随试验件尺寸的变化规律。依据某型飞机机身典型结构分别设计压缩和剪切试验件尺寸大小、边界条件和加载方式。利用有限元商用软件ABAQUS对试验设计建立虚拟试验分析,对比验证解析方法和有限元方法的一致性。最后通过真实试验方法确定解析方法和有限元方法的有效性,并验证典型薄壁夹层结构的承载能力和破坏模式。结果显示,压缩试验结果失效模式与理论预测一致,故3种方法得到的结构整体失稳载荷相近,验证了理论方法的有效性;剪切试验结果发生局部破坏,故试验结果偏低,但有限元方法与解析方法所得结果一致,解析方法相对保守。     

A study on material damping of 0° laminated composite sandwich cantilever beams with a viscoelastic layer

The damping behavior of a 0° laminated sandwich composite beam inserted with a viscoelastic layer is investigated. A quantitative analysis of damping in the sandwich laminated composite beam has been conducted through the theoretical method. Results showed that the viscoelastic core thickness in the sandwich beam and the length of the beam have a great effect on the damping loss factor. They also demonstrate the great capability of laminated sandwich composites with embedded viscoelastic layer to considerably enhance structural damping. It is shown that the extended Ni–Adams’ theory can be efficiently used to identify the damping characteristics of the laminated sandwich composite beam.     

夹层结构剪切试验方法分析与改进

为验证现行夹层结构压剪试验方法对高剪切模量夹层结构的适用性 , 应用有限元分析了影响该试验方法测量精度的因素 , 结果表明加载金属板端部弯曲效应对试验精度有较大影响 , 对高剪切模量芯材的夹层结构影响更甚 , 当剪切模量高于 100 MPa时其误差可超过 6 %。根据对试验系统参数的分析 , 提出了一种改进的压剪试验方法 , 改变加载方式降低弯曲效应 , 对于剪切模量小于 500 MPa的夹层结构 , 可以将弯曲效应引起的误差降低到小于 3 %; 同时发现新的加载方式对夹具尺寸参数变化的灵敏度降低 , 有利于提高试验的可靠性。      

复合材料夹层板屈曲强度的分散性分析

将面板单层及芯层厚度、 面板纤维方向角和材料参数作为随机变量, 通过编制基于高阶剪切理论的随机有限元程序, 对复合材料夹层板的屈曲强度分散性进行了分析, 得到了不同铺层方式下夹层板屈曲强度分散系数随纤维方向角及夹层板长厚比的变化规律。并通过对屈曲强度的分散系数进行灵敏度分析, 确定了影响分散系数大小的主要因素, 从而为材料设计、 制造工艺改进和夹层板结构可靠度的提高提供了理论依据。      

整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料压缩性能

设计了一种新型整体缝合夹芯结构。采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)制备整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料, 研究其在平压载荷作用下的力学性能和破坏模式, 建立其有限元模型, 研究缝合纱线用量对整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料平压力学性能的影响。结果表明:该新型整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料能够在提高缝合纱线数量的同时避免一般斜缝方式引起纤维交叉损坏的弊端。整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量随着缝合纱线数量的增加而增大, 但缝合纱线含量较高时, 比压缩强度有所下降。数值计算结果与试验结果对比分析, 验证了所建立有限元模型的合理性, 说明该模型可用于预测其压缩模量。      

Low velocity impact analysis of composite sandwich shells using higher-order shear deformation theories

In the present investigation, higher-order and conventional first-order shear deformation theories are used to study the impact response of composite sandwich shells. The formulation is based on Donnell’s shallow shell theory. Nine-noded Lagrangian elements are used for the finite element formulation. A modified Hertzian contact law is used to calculate the contact force. The results obtained from the present investigation are found to compare well with those existing in the open literature. The numerical results are presented to study the changes in the impact response due to the increase of core depth from zero to some specified value and the changes in core stiffness for a particular core depth.     

An accurate higher-order theory and C finite element for free vibration analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates

At present, it is difficult to accurately predict natural frequencies of sandwich plates with soft core by using the C⁰ plate bending elements. Thus, the C¹ plate bending elements have to be employed to predict accurately dynamic response of such structures. This paper proposes an accurate higher-order C⁰ theory which is very different from other published higher-order theory satisfying the interlaminar stress continuity, as the first derivative of transverse displacement has been taken out from the in-plane displacement fields of the present theory. Therefore, the C⁰ interpolation functions is only required during its finite element implementation. Based on the Hamilton’s principle and Navier’s technique, analytical solutions to the natural frequency analysis of simply-supported laminated plates have been presented. To further extend the ranges of application of the proposed theory, an eight-node C⁰ continuous isoparametric element is used to model the proposed theory. Numerical results show the present C⁰ finite element can accurately predict the natural frequencies of sandwich plate with soft core, whereas other global higher-order theories are unsuitable for free vibration analysis of such soft-core structures.     

Efficient coupled refined finite element for dynamic analysis of sandwich beams containing embedded shear-mode piezoelectric layers

An efficient and computationally low cost finite element (FE) model is developed for dynamic free and forced response of sandwich beams with embedded shear piezoelectric layers based on a coupled refined high-order global-local theory. Contrary to most of the available models, all of the kinematic and stress boundary conditions are ensured at the interfaces of the shear piezoelectric layers. Moreover, both the electrical-induced strains components and transverse flexibility are taken into account for the first time in the present theory. For validation of the proposed model, various free and forced vibration tests for thin and thick sandwich beams are carried out. For various electrical and mechanical boundary conditions, excellent agreement has been found between the results obtained from the proposed formulation with previously published and the coupled two-dimensional (2D) FE results.     

Modal validation of sandwich shell finite elements based on a p‐order shear deformation theory including zigzag terms

This paper describes a set of improved C⁰‐compatible composite shell finite elements for evaluating the global dynamic response (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of sandwich structures. Combining a through‐the‐thickness displacement approximation of variable high order with a first‐order zigzag function, the proposed finite elements are suited for modelling sandwich plates and doubly curved shells with a non‐uniform thickness and are more accurate than conventional models based on the first‐ and third‐order shear deformation theories, especially in sandwich panels with highly heterogeneous properties. The new finite element model is then validated by a comparison with the standard shell and 3D solid models. From these investigations, it can be concluded that adding a zigzag function even to high‐order polynomial approximations of the through‐the‐thickness displacement is a useful tool for refining the modelling of sandwich structures. In addition, the proposed formulation is sufficiently versatile to represent with the same level of accuracy the behaviour of thin‐to‐thick laminated shells as well as of strongly heterogeneous sandwich structures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new finite element for thick laminates and sandwich structures using a generalized and unified plate theory

The contribution of this work is the implementation of a new elastic solution method for thick laminated composites and sandwich structures based on a generalized unified formulation using finite elements. A quadrilateral four‐node element was developed and evaluated using an in‐house finite element program. The C‐1 continuity requirements are fulfilled for the transversal displacement field variable. This method is tagged as Caliri's generalized formulation. The results employing the proposed solution method yielded coherent results with deviations as low as 0.05% for a static simply supported symmetric laminate and 0.5% for the modal analyses of a soft core sandwich structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3D机织复合材料多向接头有限元分析

为了探究3D机织复合材料桁架接头的机械性能,采用有限元软件ANSYS对3D机织复合材料多向接头所在桁架总体进行有限元模拟,模拟中根据纤维走向对多向接头不同轴向圆管建立相应坐标系,并赋予材料属性,使用MPC多点约束法施加载荷.求解分析后结果表明:模拟结果与实测结果中最大应变的位置与数值基本吻合,确定了模拟的有效性;将最大应力与破坏应力对比发现接头在当前载荷下可能发生轻微破坏,破坏位置应位于副管顶部;通过模拟判断了实测中发生轻微响声的原因;将4种角联锁结构的多向接头模拟结果对比发现,带有衬经结构的复合材料为多向接头最佳材料.此次模拟补充了实测中无法得到的数据,为接头的优化设计和实际使用提供一定的帮助.     

Free vibration of composite and sandwich laminates with a higher-order facet shell element

A simple C⁰ isoparametric finite element formulation based on a shear deformable model of higher-order theory using a higher-order facet shell element is presented for the free vibration analysis of isotropic, orthotropic and layered anisotropic composite and sandwich laminates. This theory incorporates a realistic non-linear variation of displacements through the shell thickness, and eliminates the use of shear correction coefficients. The validity and efficiency of the present formulation is established by obtaining solutions to a wide range of problems and comparing them with the available three-dimensional closed-form and finite element solutions. In addition, other plate and shell solutions of different kind and available in the literature are also compiled and tabulated for the sake of completeness. The parametric effects of degree of orthotropy, length-to-thickness ratio, plate aspect ratio, number of layers and fibre orientation upon the frequencies and mode shapes are discussed.     

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测与试验验证

基于材料细观结构,建立了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测模型,并进行了刚度性能的相关试验验证。其中,对缝纫复合材料层合面板部分,考虑了缝纫角对单胞尺寸和富脂区大小的影响,以及缝纫前后层合面板厚度的变化对复合材料面板纤维体积含量的影响,采用改进的纤维弯曲模型计算了缝纫复合材料层合面板的刚度;对缝纫增强的泡沫夹芯部分,把缝线树脂柱看作是泡沫基体中的增强相,将其简化为特殊的单向增强复合材料,提出了用串并联组合模型来预测其刚度。试验测试了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板试件的刚度。应用本文模型对缝纫层合面板和缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的刚度进行预测,结果均与试验结果吻合较好。采用理论模型系统研究了缝纫参数和结构参数对缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料刚度的影响。     

A triangular plate element for thermo‐elastic analysis of sandwich panels with a functionally graded core

A sandwich construction is commonly composed of a single soft isotropic core with relatively stiff orthotropic face sheets. The stiffness of the core may be functionally graded through the thickness in order to reduce the interfacial shear stresses. In analysing sandwich panels with a functionally gradient core, the three‐dimensional conventional finite elements or elements based on the layerwise (zig‐zag) theory can be used. Although these elements accurately model a sandwich panel, they are computationally costly when the core is modelled as composed of several layers due to its grading material properties. An alternative to these elements is an element based on a single‐layer plate theory in which the weighted‐average field variablescapture the panel deformation in the thickness direction. This study presents a new triangular finite element based on {3,2}‐order single‐layer theory for modelling thick sandwich panels with or without a functionally graded core subjected to thermo‐mechanical loading. A hybrid energy functional is employed in the derivation of the element because of a C¹ interelement continuity requirement. The variations of temperature and distributed loading acting on the top and bottom surfaces are non‐uniform. The temperature also varies arbitrarily through the thickness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral element based on third‐order zigzag theory for static analysis of composite and sandwich plates

A new improved discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral element based on the third‐order zigzag theory is developed for the static analysis of composite and sandwich plates. The element has seven degrees of freedom per node, namely, the three displacements, two rotations and two transverse shear strain components at the mid‐surface. The usual requirement of C¹ continuity of interpolation functions of the deflection in the third‐order zigzag theory is circumvented by employing the improved discrete Kirchhoff constraint technique. The element is free from the shear locking. The finite element formulation and the computer program are validated by comparing the results for simply supported plate with the analytical Navier solution of the zigzag theory. Comparison of the present results with those using other available elements based on zigzag theories for composite and sandwich plates establishes the superiority of the present element in respect of simplicity, accuracy and computational efficiency. The accuracy of the zigzag theory is assessed by comparing the finite element results of the square all‐round clamped composite plates with the converged three‐dimensional finite element solution obtained using ABAQUS. The comparisons also establish the superiority of the zigzag theory over the smeared third‐order theory having the same number of degrees of freedom. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

莫来石纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶复合材料的力学性能试验

为了探究莫来石纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶复合材料的拉伸和层间剪切性能,开展了相关试验。首先,进行了复合材料在室温下的面内拉伸试验,获得了复合材料的室温面内拉伸模量;然后,采用引伸计方法和数字图像相关法分别对拉伸变形进行测量,并对2种方法进行了对比分析;最后,开展了不同温度下的层间剪切试验,研究了复合材料在不同温度下的层间剪切性能,并对其微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:复合材料的拉伸模量约为285.17 MPa;由引伸计方法测得的拉伸变形计算出的拉伸模量比数字图像相关法获得的拉伸模量高2.4%;在室温和高温下,试样呈现明显的层间剪切破坏;对复合材料的微观分析发现,SiO_2气凝胶基体主要分布在层间区域,增强纤维主要分布在铺层内。所得结论表明莫来石纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶复合材料拉伸和层间性能较差,当承受层间载荷时,SiO_2气凝胶基体起主要作用,且温度对复合材料的性能影响较大。     

A C1 finite element including transverse shear and torsion warping for rectangular sandwich beams

A new three‐noded C¹ beam finite element is derived for the analysis of sandwich beams. The formulation includes transverse shear and warping due to torsion. It also accounts for the interlaminar continuity conditions at the interfaces between the layers, and the boundary conditions at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam. The transverse shear deformation is represented by a cosine function of a higher order. This allows us to avoid using shear correction factors. A warping function obtained from a three‐dimensional elasticity solution is used in the present model. Since the field consistency approach is accounted for interpolating the transverse strain and torsional strain, an exact integration scheme is employed in evaluating the strain energy terms. Performance of the element is tested by comparing the present results with exact three‐dimensional solu‐tions available for laminates under bending, and the elasticity three‐dimensional solution deduced from the de Saint‐Venant solution including both torsion with warping and bending. In addition, three‐dimensional solid finite elements using 27 noded‐brick elements have been used to bring out a reference solution not available for sandwich structures having high shear modular ratio between skins and core. A detailed parametric study is carried out to show the effects of various parameters such as length‐to‐thickness ratio, shear modular ratio, boundary conditions, free (de Saint‐Venant) and constrained torsion. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.