PP粉的粒径对纳米粒子分散性能影响研究

利用凝胶渗透色谱仪对不同粒径PP粉的相对分子质量及其分布和平均表面积进行测试,通过透射电子显微镜对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在不同粒径PP粉中的分散性能进行了表征,并讨论了PP粉的粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子分散性能的影响。结果表明,PP粉粒径大小对硅溶胶纳米SiO2粒子在基体中的分散性能有显著影响,聚合物黏度对纳米SiO2粒子的分散性能并无太大影响。     

硅溶胶粒径大小对PP结构和性能的影响

利用差热分析(DSC)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、透射电镜(TEM)、雾度仪、广角X射线衍射仪(WXRD)等方法研究了成核剂硅溶胶(Si sols)粒径大小对均聚聚丙烯(PP)结构和性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅溶胶平均粒径的增大,PP的结晶速率增大,结晶度增加,晶粒尺寸减小、分布更加均匀;PP材料热变形温度升高,但透明性降低;不同粒径硅溶胶的加入都能明显提高PP材料的冲击强度,但是对拉伸性能和弯曲性能影响不大;随着硅溶胶粒径的增大,硅溶胶粒子在PP基体中分散性变好。     

纳米SiO2在有机硅涂料中的分散性研究

利用纳米SiO2粒子所具有的特殊性能,研制出新的有机硅基纳米SiO2防护涂料.纳米SiO2粒子在有机硅中的分散和稳定性问题是制备纳米SiO2有机硅涂料的关键.为了解决纳米SiO2粒子在有机硅中的分散性和稳定性,对纳米SiO2粒子进行了表面改性处理,从而改变了纳米SiO2粒子表面的理化性能,同时利用物理分散和化学分散相结合的方法进行纳米SiO2在有机硅涂料中的分散,采用适合的制造工艺制备纳米SiO2有机硅涂料.通过透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术分析了纳米SiO2粒子在有机硅涂料中的分散性和稳定性.     

不同分散剂、不同分散方法对纳米TiO2分散性能的影响

选取十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）及聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）作分散剂,并采用超声分散和机械分散方法制备纳米TiO2悬浮液,对纳米TiO2在水和无水乙醇中的分散性能进行了研究。通过测试不同分散体系中纳米TiO2粒子的粒径及分布宽度,探讨了不同分散剂对纳米TiO2分散性能的影响。结果表明：不同分散荆、分散方法和分散液对纳米TiO2的粒径都有明显影响,且粒径分布宽度差别较大。     

纳米SiO_2分散稳定性能研究

通过使用沉降性能检测结合SEM、TEM分散形貌观察的方法,对目前应用最广泛的不同种类纳米SiO2在有机溶剂中的分散性能进行了研究,发现不同表面处理方法制备的纳米SiO2的分散性能受分散剂种类和添加量的影响较大,并确定了各种纳米SiO2的最佳分散剂配合体系和用量配比。     

SiO2粒径对PP发泡行为和力学性能的影响

通过把改性过的不同粒径SiO2以不同用量加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,制备PP/SiO2复合材料母粒,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP/SiO2复合材料.通过对不同粒径的SiO2粒子对PP纳米复合材料发泡行为的影响研究,讨论了超细SiO2在聚合物微孔发泡中的作用机理,分析了超细SiO2对PP的力学性能及泡孔结构的影响规律.结果表明,不同粒径的SiO2粒子的加入都能够显著降低PP的泡孔直径和增加泡孔密度;SiO2粒子使PP的缺口冲击强度升高,发泡材料的拉伸强度低于未发泡材料的拉伸强度.     

反应体系组成对纳米SiO_2/PS复合粒子粒径及分布的影响

研究了在纳米SiO2粒子表面的苯乙烯原位聚合反应中,反应体系的组成(单体、引发剂、稳定剂及纳米SiO2粒子用量)对纳米SiO2/PS复合粒子的形态、粒径大小及分布的影响。结果表明,当纳米SiO2粒子与单体质量比为5%,苯乙烯质量分数为25%,引发剂及稳定剂用量分别为单体用量(质量比)的0.15%和1.5%时,制备出的纳米SiO2/PS复合粒子呈球形,表面光滑无明显缺陷,颗粒之间分散性很好,粒径为0.923μm,分散系数为0.108。     

纳米SiO2对动态硫化EPDM/PP热塑性硫化胶性能的影响

采用不同硫化体系动态硫化制备三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性硫化胶(EPDM/PP TPVs),并在制备的过程添加不同量的纳米SiO2。结果表明酚醛树脂2402动态硫化得到的EPDM/PP TPVs性能最佳。随着纳米SiO2添加量的增加,EPDM橡胶粒子的粒径先减小后增大,当纳米SiO2的添加量为10份时,EPDM橡胶粒子的粒径达到最小。流变性能研究表明添加纳米SiO2使EPDM/PP TPVs的加工性能变差。动态机械分析仪(DMA)研究表明纳米SiO2提高了TPVs中PP相的玻璃化转变温度。当纳米SiO2的添加量为10份,TPVs的拉伸强度达到最高为23.7MPa,提高了19.1%,断裂伸长率达到最大为431%,提高了11.1%。纳米SiO2使EPDM/PP TPVs的热稳定性和耐热老化性能变好。     

纳米SiO_2表面接枝聚合改性及在PP中的分散

纳米SiO2粒子经硅烷偶联剂表面处理后,采用乳液聚合方法在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝苯乙烯单体,实现了纳米SiO2表面的高分子包覆改性,制备了具有核壳结构的聚苯乙烯接枝SiO2复合纳米粒子.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜对纳米SiO2粒子的表面结构及其在聚丙烯(PP)中的分散状况进行了表征.结果表明,接枝改性后纳米SiO2粒子能够在PP基体中均匀分散,明显改善了PP复合材料的力学性能.     

PP/纳米SiO2/POE复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混法制备PP/纳米SiO2/POE复合材料,并通过力学性能测试、DSC分析以及材料断面形貌分析等手段,对增强增韧效果进行研究.结果表明纳米SiO2和POE微粒显现了比较明显的协同增韧效果,当PP/纳米SiO2/POE为100/4/15时,综合力学性能最优.纳米SiO2的成核作用提高了PP的结晶温度和结晶速率.两种微粒在PP基体中达到均匀分散,其中纳米SiO2粒子平均粒径为150nm,与其二次粒子直径相当,表明熔融过程并未造成纳米粒子的团聚.     

基于动态光散射下纳米二氧化硅分散性的影响因素研究

纳米二氧化硅是目前应用最为广泛的一种纳米材料,但其团聚行为对粒径测量和应用效果有不利的影响。为减少纳米二氧化硅颗粒的团聚行为,应用动态光散射粒度分析方法,考察了分散方式、分散剂种类、悬浮液条件对不同纳米二氧化硅的粒径及多分散性指数（PDI）的影响规律。实验结果表明,磁力搅拌条件下,0.1%（质量分数）的PEG-2000对各类纳米二氧化硅均具有较好的分散效果;随着悬浮液pH增大,硅溶胶悬浮液粒径和PDI均呈下降趋势,是因为悬浮液pH影响了硅溶胶的溶解平衡;而固态二氧化硅悬浮液的粒径和PDI则呈先上升后下降的趋势,这是由于悬浮液pH影响了双电层结构。实际测试和应用中应注意悬浮液配制条件和纳米二氧化硅类别对粒径和PDI的影响。     

聚丙烯/碳基填料复合材料的流变行为研究

系统研究了炭黑(CB)、石墨(GP)和碳纤维(CF)填充聚丙烯(PP)三种复合材料的稳态、动态流变行为及微观形态;重点讨论了粒子外观形貌、粒径和用量对体系流变行为的影响。研究发现,CB具有强的Payne效应且形成逾渗网络的能力要强于其他两种填料,粒径小的增强效率高、逾渗值低,填料用量增加熔体非牛顿性和弹性增加。使用SEM考察三种填料的微观形态,发现同等含量下,石墨分散性最好,同一填料时,粒径越小分散性越好。     

Ultrafine comminution of dental glass in a stirred media mill

A systematic study on the comminution of amorphous glass particles with complex composition (seven constituents) to produce nanoparticles has been performed in a high-energy stirred media mill. The influence of solids loading, dispersion stabilisation via pH and addition of dispersants on particle size was investigated in aqueous suspensions. Further, the effect of using 2-propanol and benzyl alcohol as dispersion media on the particle size and morphology is presented and compared to the aqueous system. The specific surface area of the product powder was analysed by the BET method, the secondary particle size was determined by static light scattering and the morphology was investigated by SEM and TEM. Dispersion viscosity and stability was measured using rotational viscosimetry and zeta-potential measurements, respectively. The results show that the solids loading plays a central role in the comminution efficiency, where lower loadings lead to finer particles after a given milling time. Stabilisation of the aqueous powder dispersion by adjusting the pH or by adding a dispersant did not result in an enhanced milling efficiency in terms of fast reduction of the particle size. The smallest glass nanoparticles with a primary particle size were achieved by a two-step comminution process. The particles were irregularly shaped when milled in water, however, when processed in 2-propanol and benzyl alcohol, they had a plate-like geometry.     

碳酸钙填充聚丙烯体系的流变行为研究

利用高压毛细管流变仪研究了纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3分别单独填充和复配填充聚丙烯(PP)体系的流变行为。对纳米CaCO3填充PP体系,CaCO3的加入使体系的表观黏度(ηa)下降,但随着CaCO3的质量分数增加,ηa呈上升趋势。当CaCO3的质量分数为10%时,两种微米CaCO3(1.8μm和25μm)填充体系的ηa接近,但低于纳米CaCO3填充体系的;随着CaCO3的质量分数增加(如30%),三种体系的ηa接近。对纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3复配填充PP体系,CaCO3的总质量分数为10%时,当微米CaCO3的质量低于CaCO3总质量的50%时,体系的ηa与纳米CaCO3单独填充体系相比呈显著下降;但随着CaCO3的总质量分数增加,ηa下降的幅度变小。     

Wettability study for pigmentary titanium dioxide

Wetting is the first step in the dispersion process of any powder. Understanding how the powder surface and the liquid properties affect the speed and intensity of the wetting process provides a set of tools to determine the dispersion efficiency as a whole, and an effective dispersion allows the reduced use of the powder to achieve the specified final properties. This article reports experimental results on the wetting behavior of five different TiO₂ samples by liquids with different values of surface tension [deionized (DI) water and DI water containing surfactants] and its effect on the dispersion process. The selection of the TiO₂ samples was based on different particles sizes with similar surface properties, and similar sizes with different surface properties. The samples were characterized in terms of their specific surface area and particle size distribution. The wetting behavior was evaluated by a capillary rise technique (Washburn) to measure liquid penetration height and rate, and the time evolution of the particle size distribution. The results show that larger particles presented faster wettability and that liquids with lower surface tension facilitate the wetting of the powder. The energy required to deagglomerate the powder is inversely proportional to the wetting speed: the faster the wetting the easier it will be to disperse the particles, with less energy required.     

纳米铜粉/PP复合材料的流变性能及动态力学性能研究

将纳米铜粉经硅烷偶联剂KH550处理后,按不同的配比与聚丙烯(PP)混合,经螺杆挤压制得纳米铜粉/PP复合材料,研究了纳米铜粉在PP复合材料中的分散性以及PP复合材料的流变性能和动态力学性能。结果表明:经改性后的纳米铜粉均匀分散在PP中;纳米铜粉/PP复合材料为非牛顿假塑性流体;在低剪切速率下,复合材料熔体的黏度高于纯PP的,随着纳米铜粉的含量增加,复合材料体系的表观黏度增大,高剪切速率时,纳米铜粉的添加量对复合材料的流动性能影响较小;当复合材料体系中纳米铜粉的质量分数小于或等于0.5%时,其熔体流动性能提高,储能模量小于纯PP的,当纳米铜粉质量分数大于0.5%时,其储能模量提高并高于纯PP的。     

PP／SBS／纳米CaCO3复合材料结构与性能研究

研究了PP/SBS/纳米CaCO3复合材料的力学性能以及SBS分散相颗粒和纳米CaCO3粒子在PP基体中的分散状况。结果表明,纳米CaCO3粒子的加入使复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量、拉伸强度均得到提高。透射电镜观察发现,纳米CaCO3粒子的加入使复合体系的熔体黏度增大,对弹性体SBS的分散起到剪切细化、均化的作用,从而起到协同增韧效应。     

添加铝酸盐类长余辉发光粉的夜光塑料性能研究

采用SBS作为载体加工了高含量的发光粉母粒;并将发光母粒添加到聚丙烯中制备了夜光塑料。通过对夜光塑料的熔体质量流动速率、力学性能、发光性能以及夜光粉在塑料中的分散性能进行研究。结果表明用SBS母粒法加工夜光PP的方法是方便可行的;夜光粉在塑料中的分散较好,基本不会影响夜光PP的力学性能;发光粉的含量为 10％的夜光PP发光效果较好;与PS和ABS两种塑料相比,半透明PP的发光效果最好。此外夜光PP的放射性测试结果表明,添加了铝酸盐系列夜光粉的PP不属于放射性材料。     

Fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) coated with chitosan for pulmonary delivery of carvedilol

Carvedilol is a drug with low oral bioavailability due to its high first‐pass metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to prepare a mucoadhesive dry powder inhaler of this drug loaded in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)(PEVA) nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery. PEVA nanoparticles were prepared by an O/W solvent evaporation method and coated with different concentrations of chitosan as a mucoadhesive polymer. Encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, release efficiency, and mucoadhesive properties of the different formulations were evaluated on mucin substrate. The optimized formulation of nanoparticles was spray dried using lactose and mannitol as carrier powders. The flowability of the obtained powders was checked by Carr's Index and Hausner ratio and the in vitro deposition of the aerosolized drug was investigated using a Next Generation Impactor. Increasing in the particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles confirmed the settling of the chitosan coating layer on the surface of nanoparticles. The in vitro drug release from coated nanoparticles decreased with increasing of chitosan concentration. Mucoadhesive property of chitosan‐coated PEVA nanoparticles was higher than noncoated ones. Spray‐dried powders had different aerosilization behavior. Mannitol‐based formulation was found to have low density, better flow ability, smaller aerodynamic diameter (d_aer) and higher fine powder fraction. The results of the present study allow concluding that mannitol spray dried, mucoadhesive nanoparticles of PEVA are suitable inhaler powder for pulmonary delivery of carvedilol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39694.