共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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盖燕如 《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2009,(Z1)
本文以我国十大区域灌溉需求指数为切入点,灌溉水经济价值为主要研究内容,在系统整编2000~2005年四种主要农产品成本收益资料的基础上,采用扣除非水成本法计算得出了十大区域四种主要作物灌溉水经济价值,揭示了作物适应性种植的地域性特征和规律性,提出粮棉作物种植的优势地区、种植布局以及政策扶持和倾斜的品种,为粮棉种植决策和维护国家粮食安全提供水资源方面的科学依据。 相似文献
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海河流域水资源供需矛盾突出,其中农业灌溉所占用水量和耗水量比例最大,而其水分利用效率相对偏低,因此节水潜力较大,为合理调控区域灌溉用水,本文将田间试验观测为基础的灌溉节水理论和方法与遥感数据反演区域耗水(ET)的点面优势相结合,提出了基于作物耗水定额管理的农业灌溉管理模型,通过控制区域上的作物耗水量分布,促进区域灌溉水资源的合理调配和利用,实现资源性节水。模型主要功能包括遥感反演数据统计分析、区域耗水目标分解、作物ET定额分配、种植结构调整、节水潜力分析以及净灌溉需水量估算。可实现从区域综合耗水控制目标向主要作物ET定额的分解,并转化为灌溉用水管理中可控制的灌溉定额,通过逐年设置主要作物的ET控制定额和种植结构情景方案,分析区域的节水潜力,消除奢侈耗水,实现不同水文年和耗水控制阶段目标下的灌溉定额管理,为区域灌溉水管理提供技术支持。 相似文献
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结合渭干河灌区高效节水工程,依据相关政策制定灌区用水总量红线.根据灌区规划,充分考虑作物种植结构及灌溉需求上制定灌区灌溉制度,计算灌区不同月份灌溉需水量,通过理论计算及类比分析,综合确定灌区现状及规划年灌溉水利用系数,从而分析灌区供需水平衡.结果表明:高效节水工程建设后,灌溉水利用效率提高,灌区毛灌溉定额及灌溉水利用系... 相似文献
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本文以分析棉茬晚播冬小麦套作短季棉试验研究为例,综合利用灌溉学和经济学的基本原理和方法,通过粮棉套作、粮粮套作、一季单作等6种套作、单作种植形式,分析解决了不同作物、不同灌溉条件的节水、高产、高效种植工程的优化组合问题,为创立我省“两高”搭配种植时空条件提供了技术及理论依据。 相似文献
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通过对滨州小开河引黄灌区近10年农业规模效益发展及成本组成变化的分析,认为灌区水利工程建设对区域农业产生的影响主要为播种面积扩大、单产产量提高、作物种植结构调整,以及农业产量、产值快速增长及净利润的提高。但工程建成后,灌区农业效益增长的速度低于成本投入的增长速度,农业净利润的增长速度缓慢甚至个别作物净利润反而下降。农业成本中.水电成本仅为8%左右.粮棉水电成本占农业水电成本的八成左右,果树水电成本偏低、利润率偏大。建议对水电成本比例进行适当调整,增加效益好的作物水电成本比重,降低粮棉水电成本。 相似文献
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甘肃省中小型灌区节水改造任务艰巨,在节水改造方向和技术路线、技术决策上存在一定的共性.包括以水资源承载能力确定灌区发展规模,根据作物要求分别确定灌溉标准等。因此,甘肃中小灌区节水技术改造有一些具有共性的需求,如灌区水循环的模拟和评价技术、渠道防冻胀技术、管道输水技术、非充分灌溉技术、耕地盐渍化控制技术和灌区分析评价技术。 相似文献
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为了研究作物、田间、灌区和流域不同尺度之间的相互转化及尺度效应问题,针对水资源相对短缺的徒骇马颊河流域,采用水资源合理配置模型WACM作为分析手段,选择不同尺度的节水措施,设定节水方案,在考虑节水伴生的经济、社会、生态与环境效应的前提下,计算分析徒骇马颊河流域的农业节水潜力。计算结果表明,徒骇马颊河流域资源节水潜力为7.78亿m3,灌溉节水潜力13.00亿m3,作物和灌区尺度尚有一定的节水空间。 相似文献
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赵印英 《水利水电科技进展》2005,25(4):42-44
根据水利部《编制灌溉用水定额》的大纲要求,结合山西省自然、地理、气候等情况,采用典型调研的方式,将山西省分为6个区,选取21个典型县为调查对象,以调查典型县现状灌溉用水定额为基础,以当地灌溉水可利用量为控制条件,采取自下而上、层层平衡的方法,制定了全省6个分区、7种主要作物的灌溉用水定额.经专家评审,认为该成果符合山西省的实际情况,对山西省节水灌溉事业的发展有重要指导作用. 相似文献
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This paper provides an overview of the main features of irrigation in Japan, and the issues it raises, rather than an exhaustive survey of the subject. The authors’ remarks concentrate on irrigation for rice cultivation, since irrigation for non‐paddy crops is not widely developed and claims a very minor share of the country's water resources. The main components of the water requirements of rice irrigation are identified, and then the composition and functions of farmers’ irrigation associations, or more correctly ‘land improvement districts’, are described. 相似文献
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A detailed study was conducted in six districts of Gujarat, India, in gravity- and lift-irrigated commands of the Sardar Sarovar Project to assess the direct and indirect benefits of canal irrigation. Benefits such as savings in the cost of energy used to pump groundwater for irrigation, reduction in well failures, and increased income of well irrigators from farming (crops and dairy) were remarkable. Groundwater augmented by recharge from gravity irrigation resulted in large economic returns to the well irrigators in the command areas and reduced the cost of domestic water supply in villages and towns (through improved yield of agro-wells and drinking-water wells, respectively). Canal irrigation also raised wages for workers, through enhanced agricultural labour demand along with appreciation of land markets. 相似文献
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Sangam Shrestha Vishnu P. Pandey Chawalit Chanamai Debapi K. Ghosh 《Water Resources Management》2013,27(15):5223-5243
This study aims to estimate the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of nine primary crops production in 75 districts, 5 developmental regions and 3 physiographic divisions of Nepal using local meteorological, agronomical and irrigation data at high spatial resolution. The estimates are based on the framework prescribed by the guideline of the Water Footprint Network. The green and blue WFs are calculated using a water balance model whereas the grey WF is estimated as the volume of freshwater needed to dilute nitrate pollution to an acceptable level. WF varies across different crops considered, different districts, development regions and physiographic divisions. WF of potato and wheat in Nepal is comparable to the world average; but paddy, barley and pulses have higher while sugarcane and maize have lower values compared to the world average. WFs of paddy, maize, potato and wheat are lower in Terai than the Hills and Mountains due to the accessibility of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Millet, pulses, oilseeds and barley have lower WFs and are suitable for Mountains. Similarly, sugarcane is suitable for both Terai and Mountain divisions because of its lower WF. Crops in Far Western Development Region generally have higher WFs due to the low crop productivity, and higher fertilizer use. 相似文献
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襄汾县境内有6座中型灌区,实现灌区可持续利用,关系到经济社会可持续发展,通过对全县中型灌区概况介绍,指出灌区发展中存在的问题,提出灌区发展的四项对策。 相似文献
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Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of the Irrigation Districts in Southern Alberta 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) scores, the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) indices, and their implicit input shadow shares for 12 irrigation districts in Southern Alberta using data for the period 2008–12. The main purpose was to establish benchmarks so that future increases in conservation, efficiency and total factor productivity of water use (major goals of Alberta’s Water for Life strategy) can be assessed. Results of an input-oriented DEA model indicated that the irrigation districts were, on average, 84.3 % technically efficient in their input use, primarily the net water diverted. The output-oriented model indicated that the irrigation districts, alternatively, could expand their total irrigated areas by 58.3 % with the current level of input use. Over the period 2008–12, the year-to-year mean Malmquist TFP for the irrigation districts of Southern Alberta was estimated to be 0.98 %. Net water diverted was identified as the most important contributing input (76 %) to the TFP change. The second and third contributing factors were pivot irrigation technology (6 %) and precipitation (5 %). 相似文献