3.125Gb/s基于PS/PI型的时钟与数据恢复电路设计

基于标准0.18μmCMOS工艺,设计了一种全速率PS/PI型时钟与数据恢复(CDR)电路。该电路主要由bang-bang型鉴相器、数字控制模块、分接器、相位选择器以及相位插值器等模块构成。根据本CDR的特点,提出了一种在分接器后对超前、滞后信息进行统计比较得到一组低速信号来解决高速模拟电路和低速数字电路之间的接口问题。     

CMOS 5 Gb/s串行接收器

设计了一个使用0.13μm CMOS工艺制造的低电压低功耗串行接收器。它的核心电路工作电压为1V,工作频率范围从2.5 GHz到5 GHz。接收器包括两个1:20的解串器、一个输入信号预放大器以及时钟恢复电路。在输入信号预放大器中设计了一个简单新颖的电路,利用前馈均衡来进一步消除信号的码间串扰,提高接收器的灵敏度。测试表明,接收器功耗45 mW。接收器输入信号眼图闭合0.5UI,信号差分峰-峰值150 mV条件下误码率小于10~(-12)。接收器还包含了时钟数据恢复电路,其中的相位插值器通过改进编码方式,使得输出信号的幅度能够保持恒定,并且相位具有良好的线性度。     

10Gb/s CMOS时钟和数据恢复电路的设计

介绍了利用0.18μmCMOS工艺实现了应用于光纤传输系统SDHSTM-64级别的时钟和数据恢复电路。采用了电荷泵锁相环(CPPLL)结构,CPPLL中的鉴相器能够鉴测相位产生超前滞后逻辑,采样数据具有1∶2分接的功能。振荡器采用全集成LC压控振荡器,鉴相器采用半速率的结构。对应于10Gb/s的PRBS数据(231-1),恢复出的5GHz时钟的相位噪声为-112dBc/Hz@1MHz,同时10Gb/s的PRBS数据分接出两路5Gb/s数据。芯片面积仅为1.00mm×0.8mm,电源电压1.8V时功耗为158mW。     

5Gb/s高速光突发模式CDR电路设计

提出了一种结构简单、高速率的光突发模式时钟、数据恢复(CDR)电路。由系统仿真结果表明对速率为5Gb/s的NRZ突发数据可在10ps之内建立比特同步。     

适用于连续数据速率CDR的相位插值器研制

通过对相位插值器电路进行建模分析,得到了相位插值器的线性度与输入信号之间相位差、输入信号上升时间和输出节点时间常数的关系.根据分析得到的结论,提出了一种新型的应用于连续数据速率时钟数据恢复电路的相位插值器,通过在相位插值器之前插入延时可控的缓冲器,使其输入信号的上升时间可以跟踪数据速率的改变,在保证线性度的同时,降低电路的噪声敏感度和功耗.芯片采用Charlerd 0.13 μm低功耗1.5/3.3 V工艺流片验证,面积为0.02 mm2,数据速率3.125 Gb/s时,功耗为8.5 mW.     

10Gb/s时钟数据恢复电路行为级模型研究

研究了超高速（10Gb／s）NRZ码时钟数据恢复电路的行为级建模,并采用TSMC 0．18 μm CMOS工艺进行了电路级仿真。     

2.5Gb/s 0.18μm CMOS时钟数据恢复电路

采用TSMC公司标准的0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计并实现了一个全集成的2.5Gb/s时钟数据恢复电路.时钟恢复由一个锁相环实现.通过使用一个动态的鉴频鉴相器,优化了相位噪声性能.恢复出2.5GHz时钟信号的均方抖动为2.4ps,单边带相位噪声在10kHz频偏处为-111dBc/Hz.恢复出2.5Gb/s数据的均方抖动为3.3ps.芯片的功耗仅为120mW.     

2.5Gb/s 0.18μm CMOS时钟数据恢复电路

采用TSMC公司标准的0．18μm CMOS工艺，设计并实现了一个全集成的2．5Gb／s时钟数据恢复电路．时钟恢复由一个锁相环实现．通过使用一个动态的鉴频鉴相器，优化了相位噪声性能．恢复出2．5GHz时钟信号的均方抖动为2．4ps，单边带相位噪声在10kHz频偏处为-111dBc／Hz．恢复出2．5Gb／s数据的均方抖动为3．3ps．芯片的功耗仅为120mW．     

6.25 Gb/s快速锁定时钟数据恢复电路

基于65 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种6.25 Gb/s时钟数据恢复电路(CDR)。该CDR采用基于相位插值的双环结构和带有快速锁定算法的2阶积分环路实现,支持半速、全速、倍速3种工作模式。其抖动传输带宽在2~7 MHz范围内可调,相位插值精度为2.8°,DNL为1.1°,INL为5.6°。在频差为1.0×10-3时,其锁定速度较传统CDR提高了1倍以上,可应用于满足PCI-E、RAPIDIO协议、短期爆发性传输数据的高速串行接口领域。     

一种5 Gb/s双信道并行时钟数据恢复电路

基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种双信道并行时钟数据恢复(CDR)电路,它由1个锁相环(PLL)型CDR和1个相位选择/相位插值(PS/PI)型CDR结合实现。与传统的并行CDR相比,该CDR电路不需要本地参考时钟。PLL型CDR中环形压控振荡器的延迟单元采用电感峰化技术,拓展了带宽,实现了较高的振荡频率;电荷泵采用自举基准和运放,改善了充放电电流匹配。PS/PI型CDR中Bang-Bang型鉴相器结构简单,具有较好的鉴相功能;PS/PI电路比传统结构少2个相位选择器。仿真结果表明,当输入并行数据速率为5 Gb/s时,恢复出的2组时钟与数据的峰峰抖动值分别为6.1 ps,8.1 ps和8.7 ps,11.2 ps。电路核心模块的功耗为172.4 mW,整体电路版图面积为(1.7×1.585) mm²。     

Design and Implementation of Open‐Loop Clock Recovery Circuit for 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s Dual‐Mode Operation

This paper proposes an open‐loop clock recovery circuit (CRC) using two high‐Q dielectric resonator (DR) filters for 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s dual‐mode operation. The DR filters are fabricated to obtain high Q‐values of approximately 950 at the 40 GHz band and to suppress spurious resonant modes up to 45 GHz. The CRC is implemented in a compact module by integrating the DR filters with other circuits in the CRC. The peak‐to‐peak and RMS jitter values of the clock signals recovered from 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s pseudo‐random binary sequence (PRBS) data with a word length of 2³¹?1 are less than 2.0 ps and 0.3 ps, respectively. The peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of the recovered clocks are quite stable and within the range of 2.5 V to 2.7 V, even when the input data signals vary from 150 mV to 500 mV. Error‐free operation of the 40 Gb/s‐class optical receiver with the dual‐mode CRC is confirmed at both 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s data rates.     

一种适用于内嵌时钟串行链路的5Gbps小面积CDR

本文提出了一种支持多标准的具有系数可调的均衡器和宽跟踪能力的时钟数据恢复电路。基于对系统参数和一阶 bang-bang 时钟数据恢复电路的环路特性分析,推导出电路设计参数。考虑到抖动性能,追踪能力以及芯片面积,文中采用了一阶数字滤波器和6-bit DAC以及高线性度的相位插值器实现了高相位调整精度和小面积的时钟恢复电路,同时该结构实现了±2200ppm的频偏跟踪能力,使得该结构适用于不同源的高速串行传输系统,尤其是内嵌时钟结构。该设计已经在55nm CMOS工艺上流片验证,测试结果显示符合误码率的要求以及抖动容忍规范。该测试芯片整体面积是0.19mm2,其中时钟恢复电路只占0.0486mm2 而且该电路工作在5Gbps,供电电压为1.2V时,只消耗30mW。     

25～28 Gbit/s CMOS高灵敏度光接收机电路设计北大核心

基于65 nm CMOS工艺设计了一种25～28 Gbit/s具有自适应均衡和时钟数据恢复功能的光接收机电路。光接收前端采用低带宽设计，以优化接收机的灵敏度；采用判决反馈均衡器，以恢复低带宽前端引入的码间干扰。为了适应不同速率和工艺角引入的码间干扰，结合SS-LMS自适应算法，实现信号的自适应均衡。无参考时钟数据恢复电路采用鉴频环路拓宽频率捕获范围，同时将半速率鉴相器嵌入均衡器中，以降低功耗和成本。后仿真结果表明，在100 fF光电二极管的寄生电容条件下，接收前端最大增益达到66 dBΩ,25%带宽处的等效输入噪声电流为15.3 pA·Hz-1/2,光接收机灵敏度为-14.5 dBm。当电源电压为1.2 V时，光接收机的整体功耗为181.1 mW。     

A 40 Gb/s Clock and Data Recovery Module with Improved Phase‐Locked Loop Circuits

A 40 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) module for a fiber‐optic receiver with improved phase‐locked loop (PLL) circuits has been successfully implemented. The PLL of the CDR module employs an improved D‐type flip‐flop frequency acquisition circuit, which helps to stabilize the CDR performance, to obtain faster frequency acquisition, and to reduce the time of recovering the lock state in the event of losing the lock state. The measured RMS jitter of the clock signal recovered from 40 Gb/s pseudo‐random binary sequence (2³¹‐1) data by the improved PLL clock recovery module is 210 fs. The CDR module also integrates a 40 Gb/s D‐FF decision circuit, demonstrating that it can produce clean retimed data using the recovered clock.     

用于CDR电路的相位插值选择电路设计

时钟数据恢复电路是高速多通道串行收发系统中接收端的关键电路,其性能的优劣直接影响了整个系统的功能.描述了双环时钟数据恢复电路利用相位正交的参考时钟进行工作的原理,分析了传统的正交时钟产生方案,提出一种新的相位插值-选择方案并给出了CMOS电路实现.在SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺下采用Cadence公司的仿真工具Spectre进行了晶体管级验证,结果显示,利用该电路恢复出来的时钟对数据进行重定时,能较好地消除传输过程中积累的抖动,有效地提高了输入抖动容限.     

2.5Gb/s Ga As MESFET定时判决电路

设计了 2 .5 Gb/ s光纤通信用耗尽型 Ga As MESFET定时判决电路 .通过 SPICE模拟表明恢复的时钟频率达2 .5 GHz,判决电路传输速率达 2 .5 Gb/ s.实验证明经时钟信号抽样后判决电路可产生正确的数字信号 ,传输速率达 2 .5 Gb/ s     

Design and Performance of 155 Mbps Clock/Data Recovery Circuits on Heavy Loaded PLDs

This paper discusses the design and performance of all-digital clock and data recovery mechanisms integrated in low-cost PLDs. Two designs have been explored and analyzed, using data sampling systems with phase detection and decision logic to select either the most appropriate sample as the recovered data or the most appropriate phase as the recovered clock. These mechanisms have been implemented in low cost PLDs from two major manufacturers. These PLDs have been further heavily loaded with typical communications functions, and the performance of the clock/data recovery circuits has been analyzed. The results show that different architectures behave differently, and that internal noise can significantly impair the performance of the circuit for high operating frequencies. This poses large difficulties to the re-usage of these blocks as generic virtual components. Nevertheless their overall performance typically exceeds regular telecommunications requirements.Rui L. Aguiar concluded his Licenciatura, M.Sc. and his PhD at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, in the years of 1990, 1995 and 2001 respectively. He is currently a professor at the Universidade de Aveiro and a researcher at Instituto de Telecomunicações. He has published over 100 papers in national and international Journals and conferences in electronics and telecommunications systems and networks. He has been involved in several national and European projects and has been active in the technical committee of several conferences. His current main interests lie in communication circuits and systems, focusing especially in high complexity and strict timings problems.Mónica Figueiredo received the Licenciatura degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Coimbra, Portugal, and the M.Sc. degree in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering from University of Aveiro, Portugal, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. Since 1999, she is an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal and a researcher at Instituto de Telecomunicações. Her research interests include PLL, DLL and synchronization systems.     

适用于半速率CDR改进型VCO的设计与实现

在0.13μm数字CMOS工艺下设计实现了一种改进型的差分振荡器电路,该电路采用四级环形结构,其中心工作频率为1.25 GHz,版图面积为50μm×50μm,工作范围1.1～1.4 GHz,VCO的增益约为300 MHz/V,在1.2 V电源电压下、工作频率为1.25 GHz时的平均功耗约为10 mW.版图后模拟结果表明,该VCO输出的四相时钟信号间隔均匀,占空比接近50%,可适用于基于PLL的2.5 Gbps的半速率时钟数据恢复电路.