IGCC及煤气化-固体氧化物燃料电池混合循环的技术经济性分析

对采用低温和高温煤气净化的煤气化联合循环(IGCC)和煤气化 固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)混合循环,分别进行了模拟仿真,并对各系统能量利用效率,发电成本,投资回收期等方面进行了分析,结果表明:SOFC混合循环的效率可达60%以上,比IGCC高10%,而CO2排放量降低至560～580g kWh,比IGCC低16%。结论:从长远看,SOFC是大型电厂的一个重要发展方向。图4表7参14     

中国二氧化碳捕捉与封存(CCS)技术早期实施方案构建研究

一个完整的二氧化碳捕捉与封存(CCS)系统包含了捕捉、运输和封存三个环节,且每个环节又有多种技术选择,在CCS大规模推广的初期,如何根据本国国情,选择最合适的备选技术进行组合,构建最佳的实施方案,已成为CCS研究中一个亟待解决的问题.为此引入CCS链的概念,从排放源、捕捉技术、运输技术和封存技术4个方面分析比较CCS各备选技术的优势和不足.对于老电厂的CCS改造,超临界是最佳的实施对象;而对于新建电厂,IGCC是最佳的实施对象.燃烧后捕捉将是匹配煤粉(PC)电厂的捕捉技术,而燃烧前捕捉则应匹配新建IGCC电厂.管道运输将是我国早期实施CCS的运输方式.注二氧化碳驱油提高采收率(CO2-EOR)和深部盐水层封存将是我国早期实施CCS的首选封存技术.最终构建了4条CCS链作为我国早期的CCS实施方案,即超临界PC电厂+燃烧后捕捉+管道运输+EOR封存;超临界PC电厂+燃烧后捕捉+管道运输+深部盐水层封存;IGCC电厂+燃烧前捕捉+管道运输+EOR封存;IGCC电厂+燃烧前捕捉+管道运输+深部盐水层封存.     

发电新技术译文集

本文集共刊登论文24篇,文章选自国外杂志、网站、会议录等,内容分为以下三大部分：超超临界汽轮机新材料、IGCC发电技术、可再生能源发电技术,文章具体波及到：700℃汽轮机材料和汽轮机多元合金转子锻件的昱斗发展动态;AsMEPT47IGCC电厂试验规范和部分具代表性的IGCC示范电厂的状况,包括GE、西门子、三菱的示范电厂;     

整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)热力特性分析

为了实现对IGCC系统整体的热力特性分析,从而明确系统各部分能量损失,以便于针对系统各个子环节提出相应的节能措施。基于Aspen plus过程模拟软件,首先完成了对整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)的整体模拟,然后采用火用分析法对系统各主要部分进行了热力特性分析。采用德士古气化炉对原煤浆进行气化,常温湿法脱硫以及三压再热锅炉回收燃气轮机乏汽,系统循环热效率达到42.8%,排烟温度仅为89℃,满足了电厂对热效率和排烟标准的要求。结果进一步表明,热量损失最大部分发生在粗煤气净化处(火用损率分别为11.2%、22.8%),其次是余热锅炉和气化炉,加快高温干法脱硫技术或炉内脱硫的研究,是进一步提升系统热效率的有效方向。     

基于功率调节的微电网互联与配电网协调优化控制

多微电网互联结构可实现多个微电网间的能量协调,并形成能源互补优势。文章针对多微电网中各分布式电源在天气变化影响下产生的出力不确定性问题,以提高微电网互联系统电压稳定性为目标,研究基于微电网互联结构的微电网间功率协调控制方法。研究单个微电网内分布式电源出力波动特性及其与微电网互联系统、配电网系统之间的能量协调与功率支撑需求特性,建立基于功率平衡控制的微电网间互联控制策略;研究微电网互联系统内各微电网控制系统平衡计算,建立微电网互联系统与配电网间能量交换的控制模型与控制策略。以三机九节点拓扑模型建立微电网互联系统及接入网协调控制模型和算法进行验证,仿真结果表明,文章所提出的微电网协调优化控制方法能够有效减小微电网波动以及对配电网的影响。     

光储微电网功率优化方法及协调控制策略研究

光储微电网作为一种友好发电模式具有平抑网侧功率波动、光伏发电产能趋稳以及可调度性等优点,是实现“源-网-荷-储”系统稳定运行和可再生能源充分消纳的优选方案。围绕光储微电网功率优化与灵活运行提出了组件级配置方案和协调控制策略,进一步释放光伏发电潜力以及促进储能单元高效运行。首先,针对光伏组件失配导致的“木桶效应”及储能变换器效率低的问题,分别配置组件级光伏功率优化器和储能部分功率变换器,实现太阳能和电能最大化利用。其次,讨论光伏阵列和储能单元在并/离网工况下多种模式切换,考虑微电网各单元间功率动态平衡,提出一种光储微电网协调控制策略,实现各单元在不同控制模式之间平滑切换及功率自主分配。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink搭建30kW光储微电网仿真平台,验证所提协调控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

IGCC能量平衡的工程分析方法

给出了“IGCC”能量平衡的工程分析方法,以实例计算了“IGCC”循环热效率,利用此方法可以：（1）计算“IGCC”的循环热效率;（2）计算Q化与Q显在各系统被利用及排出的份额;（3）计算提高“IGCC”各分系统效率对整体“IGCC”系统热效率的影响程序。     

独立运行风光互补发电系统能量优化管理协调控制策略

针对系统运行工况复杂、供电稳定性和安全性要求高的特点,深入分析并给出独立运行风光互补发电系统能量流动及工作模式转换关系图,采用风电优先、光电次之、蓄电池辅助的电能分配原则与功率供需动态平衡的能量优化管理机制,提出包括能量管理与工作模式控制、风力发电控制、光伏发电控制和蓄电池充放电控制在内的功率协调控制策略。风力和光伏子系统控制均具有功率电压双闭环控制结构,功率外环采用基于梯度变步长MPPT算法或基于梯度信息LPTC算法产生最佳功率点电压,电压内环实现最佳功率点电压的自动、快速、无差跟踪,同时可实现MPPT和LPTC算法之间的平滑切换。仿真研究结果表明,本文所论能量优化管理协调控制策略能够根据风速、光照强度、负载的变化及蓄电池工况,协调风力发电、光伏发电子系统和蓄电池的工作状态,实现系统不同工作模式下自动运行及合理转换,保持能量供需动态平衡,实现系统的优化及可靠运行。     

基于统一基准的整体煤气化联合循环系统效率分析

对于具有多物流输出的复杂能量系统,需要采用统一的基准来确定离开系统的各股能量流占输入能量的份额.基于系统的能量平衡,提出采用能量转换因子描述燃料化学能在输出物流及功流、热流中的分配方法.以德士古气化炉激冷流程的整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统为例,给出了统一基准的能流图;对IGCC各子单元的能量利用效率进行了定义,并推导出IGCC系统的发电效率.结果表明:该方法为理解多物流输出的复杂系统的能量转换和利用过程提供了新的思路.     

积极推广煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术

本文较详细地阐述了燃煤电厂应用IGCC发电技术的优点，简要地介绍了美国的2座IGCC电厂的情况，并积极建议促使我国烟台的IGCC示范电站早日付诸实施。     

Puertollano IGCC电站控制系统介绍

IGCC发电系统的自动控制技术与常规联合循环系统有明显的不同。本文主要对西班牙Puertollano IGCC电站的控制系统进行了介绍。希望对将来国内的IGCC示范电厂的建设有所裨益。     

煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统及煤气热值的调配方法

叙述了煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统（UGCC）的流程,提出了UGCC系统中煤气热值的调配方法。通过对UGCC项目的分析,与传统煤粉锅炉发电（PFPG）及整体煤气化联合循环发电（IGCC）的对比,指出,UGCC与PFPG相比,可降低45%的CO2排放量,而成本仅增加了5%;与IGCC相比,UGCC项目的CO2排放量降低了20%,发电成本降低了34.4%。     

捕集二氧化碳的整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)电厂示范案例研究

本文探讨了一种较快捷准确的选择带CO2捕集的IGCC电厂最优建设地址的评价方法,即采用层次分析法(AHP)来综合评定选址问题中的多方面因素,通过赋予各因素权重并进行矩阵计算得到各备选地址相对优劣程度.该方法将所研究的问题即选择最优建厂地址分解为多个评价层次,建立递阶评价系统.在此基础上,利用专家讨论确定评价指标的权重,...     

IGCC多联产系统设备特点及其运行技术研究

IGCC发电技术是基于清洁煤气化的高效联合循环发电技术,本文通过对目前国内外燃烧天然气和IGCC发电技术的综合研究,分析了IGCC发电技术的设备特点,并结合类似IGCC燃用中低热值的联合循环机组试验研究结果,开展了IGCC发电设备的经济运行技术研究,对IGCC及其多联产机组参与电网调峰运行和掺烧备用天然气的运行技术提出了建议。     

CO2 control technology effects on IGCC plant performance and cost

As part of the USDOE's Carbon Sequestration Program, an integrated modeling framework has been developed to evaluate the performance and cost of alternative carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies for fossil-fueled power plants in the context of multi-pollutant control requirements. This paper uses the newly developed model of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant to analyze the effects of adding CCS to an IGCC system employing a GE quench gasifier with water gas shift reactors and a Selexol system for CO₂ capture. Parameters of interest include the effects on plant performance and cost of varying the CO₂ removal efficiency, the quality and cost of coal, and selected other factors affecting overall plant performance and cost. The stochastic simulation capability of the model is also used to illustrate the effect of uncertainties or variability in key process and cost parameters. The potential for advanced oxygen production and gas turbine technologies to reduce the cost and environmental impacts of IGCC with CCS is also analyzed.     

Valuing flexibility: The case of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant

In this paper we analyze the choice between two technologies for producing electricity. In particular, the firm has to decide whether and when to invest either in a Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant or in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant, which may burn either coal or natural gas. Instead of assuming that fuel prices follow standard geometric Brownian motions, here they are assumed to show mean reversion, specifically to follow an inhomogeneous geometric Brownian motion.First we consider the opportunity to invest in a NGCC power plant. We derive the optimal investment rule as a function of natural gas price and the remaining life of the right to invest. In addition, the analytical solution for a perpetual option to invest is obtained.Then we turn to the IGCC power plant. We analyse the valuation of an operating plant when there are switching costs between modes of operation, and the choice of the best operation mode. This serves as an input to evaluate the option to invest in this plant.Finally we derive the value of an opportunity to invest either in a NGCC or IGCC power plant, i.e. to choose between an inflexible and a flexible technology, respectively. Depending on the opportunity's time to maturity, we derive the pairs of coal and gas prices for which it is optimal to invest in NGCC, in IGCC, or simply not to invest.Numerical computations involve the use of one- and two-dimensional binomial lattices that support a mean-reverting process for coal and gas prices. Basic parameter values are taken from an actual IGCC power plant currently in operation. Sensitivity of some results with respect to the underlying stochastic process for fuel price is also checked.     

论IGCC电站中气化炉型的选择

在一般论述IGCC电站对气化炉性能要求的基础上，着重比较了Texaco气化炉与Shell气化炉技术特性指标的差异，进而探讨了这两种气化炉对IGCC电站供电效率和发电成本的影响。     

IGCC电站优良的环保特性和环保效益

为了降低煤电对环境造成的污染,电力工业非常重视IGCC等洁净煤发电技术的发展。本文总结了IGCC控制污染物排放的特点和优势,详细讨论了ICCC控制污染物排放的途径和措施,并与常规电站的控制措施进行了比较。通过对IGCC污染物排放指标的分析和对IGCC环保效益进行估算,表明IGCC能有效控制污染物排放,各种污染物排放量都远远低于国际上先进的环保标准,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

The development of advanced energy technologies in Japan: IGCC: A key technology for the 21st century

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants have been looked to as a key technology for the 21st century in order to realize high efficiency and good environmental performance for electricity generation, replacing existing coal fired power plants.Following successful completion of a 200 ton/d pilot project in Nakoso, IGCC technology development in Japan is moving from the stage of a feasibility study to a detailed study to allow final decisions for demonstration plant construction. The feasibility study, jointly conducted by the domestic electric power companies, found MHI's IGCC technology to have several advantages in efficiency and reliability. In parallel with the study, a number of R&D tests have been executed as a national project to facilitate scaling up from the pilot plant to the demonstration plant. This paper introduces the current status of the MHI's IGCC technological development.     

Performance analysis of a syngas-fed gas turbine considering the operating limitations of its components

As the need for clean coal technology grows, research and development efforts for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants have increased worldwide. An IGCC plant couples a gas turbine with a gasification block. Various technical issues exist in designing the entire system. Among these issues, the matching between the gas turbine and the air separation unit is especially important. In particular, the operating condition of a gas turbine in an IGCC plant may be very different from that of its original design. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the use of syngas on operating conditions of the gas turbine in an IGCC plant. We evaluated the performance of a gas turbine under operating limitations in terms of compressor surge and turbine metal temperature. Although a lower degree of integration may theoretically allow higher gas turbine power output and efficiency, it causes a reduction in compressor surge margin and overheating of the turbine metal. The turbine overheating problem may be solved using several methods, such as a reduction in the firing temperature or an increase in the turbine cooling air. The latter yields a much smaller performance penalty. To achieve an acceptable margin for the compressor surge, either further reduction in the firing temperature or further increase in the coolant is required. Ventilation of some of the nitrogen generated by the air separation unit, i.e., a reduction of the nitrogen supply to the combustor, is another option. Coolant modulation yields the lowest performance penalty. Reduction of the nitrogen supply provides much greater system power output than control of the firing temperature. For nitrogen flow and firing temperature controls, there are optimal levels of integration degrees in terms of net system power output and efficiency.