数字式平均法提高MRS探测信噪比应用研究

针对核磁共振地下水探测仪信号甚微弱导致信噪比太低的问题,分析了野外施工环境电磁干扰的特点,设计了数字式平均型数据采集与数据预处理系统。把一次测量时间内的信号分成若干个时间间隔小段的信号,然后对这些信号进行取样,将各次测量中处于相同位置的取样进行积分平均。研究结果应用于JLMRS(Jilin magnetic resonance souding)型核磁共振地下水探测仪中,实验室与野外探测结果表明,数字式平均方法改善核磁共振地下水探测仪信号的信噪比是有效的、可行的。     

基于改进平方检测和新型K-N互卷积窗的闪变参数检测

传统的数字式闪变仪研制主要根据IEC闪变测量原理将各环节的模拟滤波器转换为数字滤波器来实现,但数字滤波器的效果受限于采样频率和变换方法的选取。提出利用解析模式分解改进传统平方检测法的滤波环节,准确提取电压闪变包络信号,构建新型K-N互卷积窗函数,推导基于新型K-N互卷积窗三谱线插值修正算法,据此提出基于改进平方检测法和新型KN互卷积窗的闪变参数检测方法,开发基于虚拟仪器的闪变参数检测平台。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法在单一频率调制、多频率调制、电网频率波动、含有叠加谐波及噪声干扰的情况下,均能有效实现闪变参数的准确检测,相较于传统检测方法,实现简单且具有更高的准确度。     

正交调制降频相位式激光测距

为了提高激光测距的精度与稳定性,通过改良传统相位激光测距仪,设计了新型正交调制降频与最小二乘法解相位的相位式激光测距仪。使用反射镜实现内外测距光路,通过正交调制技术对发射激光进行幅度调制,接收模块接收到的回波信号经过混频器后再经过低通滤波器将回波信号降频,降低解相难度并提升解相精度。改用分时测量得到距离相位从而消除二次混频方法所产生的附加相移,分别对内外光路低频回波信号采样进行模数转换后使用最小二乘法求解相位。采用多频率调制测量兼顾激光测距范围与测量精度,最后通过超定方程解模糊算法求解多频测距的待测距离。在国家标准基线上进行样机测试,实验结果表明,在60m量程内正交调制激光测距仪的测量平均误差控制在1.5mm以内,测距量程内标准差保持在0.9mm以内。     

电磁层析成像的正交解调器设计及图像重建

根据电磁层析成像系统中的激励磁场与待测物场之间的畸变场作用是非线性的,检测信号不能单纯被认为是待测物体在敏感场中响应的线性叠加,而且不同的检测信号在激励过程中的不同方向上有着各自的相位幅值变化。作者结合传统的EMT系统设计了使用直接式数字频率合成器来对检测信号的相位、幅值变化进行实时解调的方案。结果表明该方案的准确度和可靠性高,稳定性好,有效改善了原有系统中的相位幅值偏差。     

伺服电机控制系统中的电流检测硬件设计

现有的电流检测技术,大多采用模拟信号检测电流,存在保密性差、抗干扰能力弱等缺点,针对此现象设计了一种以DSP2808为核心的电流检测系统,采用闭环式霍尔电流传感器采集电机的电流信号,将检测到的电流信号按1：2000比例输出模拟信号,并将此模拟信号通过A／D转换器转换成数字信号,让数字信号隔离后传递给DSP来实现实时的电流检测。该电流检测系统经实验测试结果表明,具有高精度、误差小、噪声小、传输距离远等特点。     

Digital Lock-in Amplifier Based on Microcontroller

A method of implementing high cost-effective and highly integrated digital lock-in amplifier with microcontroller is discussed. And the digital lock-in amplifier is more suitable for measuring low-frequency weak signal.Digital signal sequence is obtained through sampling signal measured over an integer number of signal periods, but digital reference sequence is acquired through mathematical operation, then digital phase sensitive detection can be implemented by calculating the cross-correlation function of digital signal sequence and digital reference sequence.In addition, the frequency response and phase character of the digital lock-in amplifier is analyzed. Finally, the designed digital lock-in amplifier is achieved. Experimental results show that the digital lock-in amplifier can be used for measuring weak signal with low ignal-to-noise ratio.     

A novel algorithm combining oversampling and digital lock-in amplifier of high speed and precision

Because of a large amount of arithmetic in the standard digital lock-in detection, a high performance processor is needed to implement the algorithm in real time. This paper presents a novel algorithm that integrates oversampling and high-speed lock-in detection. The algorithm sets the sampling frequency as a whole-number multiple of four of the input signal frequency, and then uses the common downsampling technology to lower the sampling frequency to four times of the input signal frequency. It could effectively remove the noise interference and improve the detection accuracy. After that the phase sensitive detector is implemented. It simply does the addition and subtraction on four points in the period of same phase and replaces almost all the multiplication operations to speed up digital lock-in detection calculation substantially. Furthermore, the correction factor is introduced to improve the calculation accuracy of the amplitude, and an error caused by the algorithm in theory can be eliminated completely. The results of the simulation and actual experiments show that the novel algorithm combining digital lock-in detection and oversampling not only has the high precision, but also has the unprecedented speed. In our work, the new algorithm is suitable for the real-time weak signal detection in the general microprocessor not just digital signal processor.     

A Digital Analyzer for a 3-mm-Band Radiospectrometer

The digital analyzer is a part of a multichannel modulation-type radiometric detector intended for studying radiation lines of impurity gases in the Earth's atmosphere in a frequency range of 96–110 GHz. The signal passing through one of the radiospectrometer's analog filtering channels is digitized at an intermediate frequency of 30 MHz. A digital filtering algorithm based on the quadrature conversion is described. Software implementing this algorithm was developed. The structure of the input system and the interface between the analog-to-digital converter and the control computer are described. A distinct feature of the interface is its 32-Kbyte buffer memory. The test results are presented.     

数字式镜像组合干扰抑制技术及其在测量仪器中的应用

本文提出了一种对仪器信道输入中的被测信号及其镜频干扰信号进行直接采样,然后采用数字混频、滤波、移相处理,进行镜频对消的抑制技术,信道可以获得高Q值、锐截止特性的镜频抑制能力,并且可避免信号幅相失真。在相关仪器中应用此技术,可以降低高频级滤波难度,简化系统构成。本文依此设计了一种实验方案并给出了仿真结果     

基于相关自适应器的EM-MWD信号检测系统设计

经EM-MWD(electromagnetic method measurement while drilling)电磁通道传输至地表的信号很微弱并且极易受到白噪声、奇异噪声、工频噪声及其谐波等干扰,导致信号特征参数提取的准确度降低,为了解决这一难题,通过对电磁波传输信道的研究,根据接收初始信号强度以及自适应检测和相关检测的特点,研究并设计了相关自适应器,并基于此设计了电磁随钻地表信号检测系统。然后用Hilbert变换求信号包络,完成了数据拟合和残差分析,并计算了信噪比、均方根误差和误码率,最后做了实验。仿真和实验结果表明,利用该检测系统,能够提高信号特征参数的准确度,达到有效降噪目的,对后续分析和研究提供了保证。     

基于数字锁相放大的时栅传感器信号处理研究

针对时栅位移传感器对信号噪声和插补时钟频率稳定性敏感及需要时钟频率高的问题,提出了一种基于数字锁相放大技术的时栅位移传感器信号处理方法。该方法用STM32F4微处理器同步产生激励信号和采集时栅输出信号,不需采集正交参考信号,将正交参考信号和输出信号送入正交矢量型数字锁相放大器,实现角位移检测。研究了基于数字锁相放大技术的时栅传感器信号处理原理和算法,设计了A/D采集电路和窄带低通数字滤波器。仿真和试验表明:在信号噪声较大条件下,时栅位移传感器的误差控制在±1.1″以内,显著提高了精度。该方法只需采集一路感应信号即可实现传感器角位移检测,优化和简化了电路结构。     

Direct detection and time-locked subsampling applied to pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance imaging

The application of direct time-locked subsampling (TLSS) to Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance (FT-EPR) spectroscopy at radio frequencies (rf) is described. With conventional FT-EPR spectroscopy, the high Larmor frequencies (L(f)) often necessitate the use of intermediate frequency (IF) stages to down convert the received free induction decay (FID) signal to a frequency that can be acquired with common data acquisition technology. However, our research focuses on in vivo studies, and consequently utilizes a FT-EPR system with a L(f) of 300 MHz. This relatively low frequency L(f), in conjunction with the advent of bandpass sampling analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing technologies, has enabled us to omit the IF stage in our FT-EPR system. With this in mind, TLSS techniques have been developed to directly sample the 300 MHz FID signal at a sampling rate of 80 MHz providing a signal bandwidth of 20 MHz. The required modifications to the data acquisition and processing system specific to this application are described. Custom software developed to control the EPR system setup, acquire the signals, and post process the data, is outlined. Data was acquired applying both coherent averaging and stochastic excitation sequences. The results of these experiments demonstrate digital down conversion of the 300 MHz FID signal to quadrature baseband. Direct FID TLSS eliminates many noise sources common in EPR systems employing traditional analog receiver techniques, such as the IF mixer stage in single channel systems, and the quadrature baseband mixer stage in dual channel systems.     

A novel approach for realization of primary vibration calibration standard by homodyne laser interferometer in frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz

The paper discusses the primary vibration calibration standard of NPL, India capable of calibrating the reference accelerometers in frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz as per ISO 16063-11. The excitation subsystem produces constant vibration at a specified amplitude and frequency, while the measurement system uses NI interface for measuring the quadrature output. The acceleration level and voltage level at the calibration frequency f is determined by applying a Discrete Fourier Transform to the voltage and displacement signals, and then examining the spectral component at frequency f. A PC-based data acquisition system acquires the accelerometer voltage signal and analog quadrature interferometer photodetector signal pair as well as a digital quadrature pair whereby the software processes the demodulated photodetector signals to reconstruct the armature displacement. The validation of the calibration results for standard reference accelerometers with manufacturer results and uncertainty in calibration in entire frequency range 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz is reported in the present work.     

Flexible lock-in detection system based on synchronized computer plug-in boards applied in sensitive gas spectroscopy

We present a flexible and compact, digital, lock-in detection system and its use in high-resolution tunable diode laser spectroscopy. The system involves coherent sampling, and is based on the synchronization of two data acquisition cards running on a single standard computer. A software-controlled arbitrary waveform generator is used for laser modulation, and a four-channel analog/digital board records detector signals. Gas spectroscopy is performed in the wavelength modulation regime. The coherently detected signal is averaged a selected number of times before it is stored or analyzed by software-based, lock-in techniques. Multiple harmonics of the modulation signal (1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, etc.) are available in each single data set. The sensitivity is of the order of 10(-5), being limited by interference fringes in the measurement setup. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by measurements of molecular oxygen in ambient air, as well as dispersed gas in scattering materials, such as plants and human tissue.     

电动车安全性能检测线的电磁兼容性分析与设计

为解决基于STC12C5A单片机的电动自行车安全性能检测系统的测量控制单元的抗干扰性、测量稳定性等问题,将电磁兼容性(EMC)设计技术应用到系统设计中。针对不同的干扰源和耦合通道,结合电源设计、模拟量输入电路设计、开关量输入/输出电路设计以及印刷电路板布局设计方法,分析了电磁干扰源、耦合通道和控制测量系统之间的关系。在电动车生产厂家的电磁环境中使用电动自行车安全性能检测系统,进行了抗干扰性对比试验,其结果表明电磁兼容性设计后,生产环境对系统的干扰下降到1%以内,测量系统工作稳定。     

基于DDS的数字波形发生器设计与实现

研究基于直接数字合成(DDS)技术的任意波形发生器(AWG)系统设计。以DDS技术为核心,采用AT89C51单片机作为系统控制部件,利用软件编程实现电压输出的频率预置、步进,输出标准波形。整个系统运用C语言编写相应内部程序,结构紧凑,电路简单,输出波形稳定性好,系统可扩展性强。使用数字信号,克服了模拟信号冗余量大不易处理的缺陷,操作实践表明该系统能可靠运行。     

Multichannel digital phase sensitive detection using a field programmable gate array development platform

This paper describes the development and performance of digital phase sensitive detectors (PSDs) based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) logic device. A FPGA development system combined with a custom analog data acquisition board provides a powerful platform for the development of digital signal processing systems. Conventional performance metrics for digital PSDs are determined by the analog front-end devices and do not represent improvements to the PSD itself. FPGAs offer a scalable platform on which digital PSDs can be implemented with enhanced capabilities including simultaneous demodulation of multiple independent analog signals at multiple frequencies with arbitrary demodulation functions. Circuits for providing dynamic frequency tracking and ultrafine (<0.001 degrees ) phase resolution are presented.     

Heterodyning based portable instrument for eddy currents non-destructive testing

The development and implementation of a portable eddy currents testing instrument with heterodyning based measurements is presented in this paper. The instrument is composed by a dedicated electronic measurement circuitry embedded inside a rugged tablet computer for control and visualization and that interfaces a small footprint planar eddy currents probe. A DDS waveform generator and a transconductance amplifier are used to drive the probe current. The probe output voltage is amplified up to 60 dB and down-converted to an intermediary frequency, which is then digitized. IQ demodulation of the digitized signal is used to obtain the real and imaginary components of the probe output and is computed in real time by the embedded digital signal processor and transmitted to the host computer by USB. The eddy currents testing instrument can be operated as a battery powered standalone device with post-processing and visualization capabilities which can be modified for specific applications without the need for hardware modifications. The system architecture, electrical characterization of the analog circuit, digital signal processing and visualization interface are described. The eddy currents inspection results of an aluminum sample with synthetic defects and friction stir welding joint samples, using this instrument are presented.     

基于MEMS传感器的高精度地震波采集系统

针对地震波微弱信号的采集问题,将MEMS传感技术应用于地震波采集中,设计了采集系统.提出了基于MEMS加速度传感器和24位高精度ADC芯片的地震波数据采集系统设计方案;采用精密仪表放大器对传感器信号进行了差分处理,由于系统为混合信号系统,在PCB设计时采用了数字模拟隔离方案以抑制相互之间的干扰,使用磁耦隔离芯片隔离ADC芯片与微控制芯片的通信接口,该采集系统接收LabVIEW上位机软件的命令,实时显示地震波波形,将地震波数据存储于SD卡内;分析了系统的硬件电路设计和软件流程;利用函数信号发生器对系统采集精度和频率响应进行了测定,并在模拟真实应用的环境下对系统进行了采集试验.实验结果表明：系统可达10 μV量级的采集精度,加速度信号重建质量较好,能够满足地震波数据采集的要求.     

基于USS协议的PLC对变频器的控制

传统的变频拖动控制采用开关量和模拟量信号对变频器进行控制,信号易受干扰,出现控制错误。采用基于RS485接口的USS通信协议对变频器进行控制,减少了系统布线,避免现场可能的各种电磁干扰对控制设备的影响,有效地提高系统的抗干扰能力;投资少,控制稳定,具有较好的推广价值。