Fabrication of a Nanofibrous Scaffold for the In Vitro Culture of Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Regeneration

In this study, random Poly (?-caprolactone) (PCL):Poly glycolic acid (PGA) nanofibrous scaffold with various PCL:PGA compositions were fabricated by electrospinning method. The nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized by SEM, contact angle measurement, ATR-FTIR, and tensile measurements. The results showed that with the increase of the concentration of PGA in spinning blend solution, the average diameter of nanofibers, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the nanofibrous scaffolds increased. An in vitro degradation study of PCL:PGA nanofibers were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2. The experiments confirm that increasing of PGA provides faster degradation rate in blended nanofibers. To assay the biocompatibility and cell behavior on the nanofibrous scaffolds, cell attachment and spreading of cardiac progenitor cells seeded on the scaffolds were studied. The results indicate that among electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, the most appropriate candidate for myocardial tissue engineering scaffolds is PCL:PGA (65:35).     

Controllable Aligned Nanofiber Hybrid Yarns with Enhanced Bioproperties for Tissue Engineering

Electrospun nanofibers have large surface area, high porosity, and controllable orientation while conventional microfibers have appropriate mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and elasticity. Therefore, the combination of nanofibers and microfibers can provide building elements to engineer biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, a core–shell structured fibrous structure with controllable surface topography is created by electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers onto polyglycolic acid (PGA) microfibers. The surface morphology, surface wettability, and mechanical properties of the resultant core–shell structure are characterized. FE‐SEM images reveal that the orientation of PCL nanofibers on the yarn surface can be tuned by a fiber collector and rotating disks. Benefiting from the introduction of a shell of aligned PCL nanofibers on the core of PGA yarn, the uniaxially aligned PCL nanofiber–covered yarns (A‐PCLs) exhibit higher hydrophilicity, porosity, and mechanical properties than the core PGA yarns. Moreover, A‐PCLs promote the adhesion and proliferation of BALB/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line), and guide cell growth along the biotopographic cues of the PCL nanofibers with controllable alignment. The developed core–shell yarn having both the desired surface topography of PCL nanofibers and mechanical properties of PGA microfibers demonstrates great potential in constructing various tissue scaffolds.     

Fabrication of co‐continuous poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyglycolide blend scaffolds for tissue engineering

The apparent inability of a single biomaterial to meet all the requirements for tissue engineering scaffolds has led to continual research in novel engineered biomaterials. One method to provide new materials and fine‐tune their properties is via mixing materials. In this study, a biodegradable powder blend of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), polyglycolide (PGA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was prepared and three‐dimensional interconnected porous PCL/PGA scaffolds were fabricated by combining cryomilling and compression molding/polymer leaching techniques. The resultant porous scaffolds exhibited co‐continuous morphologies with ～50% porosity. Mean pore sizes of 24 and 56 μm were achieved by varying milling time. The scaffolds displayed high mechanical properties and water uptake, in addition to a remarkably fast degradation rate. The results demonstrate the potential of this fabrication approach to obtain PCL/PGA blend scaffolds with interconnected porosity. In general, these results provide significant insight into an approach that will lead to the development of new composites and blends in scaffold manufacturing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42471.     

Biocompatible graphene-embedded PCL/PGS-based nanofibrous scaffolds: A potential application for cardiac tissue regeneration

Research in the field of tissue engineering, especially heart tissue engineering, is growing rapidly. Herein, the morphological, chemical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (caprolactone) (PCL)/poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and PCL/PGS/graphene nanofibrous scaffolds are investigated. Initially, PGS pre-polymer is synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Then, in order to use the benefits of PGS, this polymer is mixed with PCL. Blending PGS with PCL resulted in the enhancement of ultimate elongation and reduction in the elastic modulus due to the intrinsic properties of PGS. The hydrophobicity of PCL nanofibers is reduced by adding PGS as hydrophilic polymer (105 ± 3° vs. 44 ± 2°). Also, the addition of graphene to the blend nanofibers is balanced the hydrophilicity. Degradation rate of pure PCL nanofibers is very slow but it is increased in the presence of PGS. All nanofibrous scaffolds are biocompatible and non-toxic. The highest cell adhesion (covered area = 0.916 ± 0.032) and biocompatibility (98.79 ± 1%) are related to PCL/PGS loaded with 1% wt of graphene (PCL/PGS/graphene ₁). Thus, this sample can be a good candidate for further examinations of cardiac tissue engineering.     

In vitro comparative biodegradation analysis of salt‐leached porous polymer scaffolds

This study presents a comprehensive, side‐by‐side analysis of chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological changes in four polymers used in tissue engineering: poly(glycerol‐sebacate) (PGS), poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blend, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), and Texin 950, a segmented polyurethane resin (PUR). Polymer foams were created using a salt‐leaching technique and then analyzed over a 16‐week period. Biodegradation was analyzed by examining the morphology, thermal properties, molecular weight, chemical, and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and compression testing. PGS underwent the most rapid degradation and was hallmarked by a decrease in compressive modulus. PLA/PCL blend and PLGA both had rapid initial decreases in compressive modulus, coupled with large decreases in molecular weight. Surface cracks were observed in the PUR samples, accompanied by a slight decrease in compressive modulus. However, as expected, the molecular weight did not decrease. These results confirm that PUR does not undergo significant degradation but may not be suitable for long‐term implants. The biodegradation rates of porous PGS, PLA/PCL blend, and PLGA found in this study can guide their use in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Herbally derived polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

Hydroxyapatite (HA), the bone mineral and Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), a medicinal plant with osteogenic activity, are attaining increasing interest as a potential therapeutic agent for enhanced bone tissue regeneration. In the present study a synergistic effect of these two agents were analyzed by fabricating PCL‐CQ‐HA nanofibrous scaffolds by electrospinning and compared with PCL‐CQ and PCL (control) nanofibrous scaffolds. Morphology, composition, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the electrospun PCL, PCL‐CQ, PCL‐CQ‐HA nanofibrous scaffolds were examined by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Contact angle and Tensile tests, respectively. The response of human foetal osteoblast cells on these scaffolds were evaluated using MTS assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and osteocalcin expression for bone tissue regeneration. While the observed cellular response to both groups of scaffolds was better than for the control PCL scaffold, the PCL‐CQ‐HA nanofibrous scaffolds provided the most favorable substrate for cell proliferation and mineralization. The results showed that PCL‐CQ‐HA nanofibrous scaffolds had appropriate surface roughness for the osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization comparing with other scaffolds. The observed investigation of physicochemical and biological properties suggests that the CQ‐HA loaded PCL nanofibrous scaffolds serve as a potential biocomposite material for bone tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39835.     

Evaluation of PCL/chitosan electrospun nanofibers for liver tissue engineering

In this investigation, a nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated through electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) using a novel collector to make better orientation and pore size for cell infiltration. PCL/CS nanofibers with 90-rpm collector speed and 40° angle between collector wires of the new collector have fewer diameters with better pore, size and nanofibers orientation. Mechanical properties, roughness parameters, topology, structure, hydrophilicity, and cell growing were considered for liver tissue engineering. The cell culture was done using epithelial liver mouse cells. The developed electrospun PCL/CS scaffold using novel collector would be an excellent matrix for biomedical applications especially liver tissue engineering.     

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/kefiran electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering applications

Chitosan (CS)-based nanofibrous scaffolds are very promising in tissue engineering applications. However, electrospinning of CS is not possible unless using toxic solvents such as trifluoroacetic acid or by blending with other polymers. In the present study, we investigated CS-based nanofibers' fabrication by blending it with kefiran as a natural polysaccharide. A series of solutions with various CS to kefiran ratios were prepared and underwent electrospinning. The effects of main process parameters, including applied voltage and needle tip-to-collector distance on nanofibers' diameter and morphology, were also studied. Nanofibers containing 80% CS and 20% Kefiran with an average diameter of 81 ± 17 nm were successfully electrospun. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of both polymers in blend nanofibers. The diameter of CS/kefiran nanofibers increased with enhanced applied voltage, while needle tip-to-collector distance did not significantly affect the mean diameters. Appropriate viability of l929 cells on the obtained scaffolds was demonstrated utilizing Alamar blue assay. Also, cell attachment onto the fiber surface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that CS/kefiran nanofibrous scaffolds would be promising for tissue engineering applications.     

Electrospinning of chitosan/poly(lactic acid) nanofibers: The favorable effect of nonionic surfactant

To improve the electrospinnability of chitosan (CS), a series of nanofiber membrane blends comprised of CS, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether (TX‐15), were made. Uniform nanofibers with no bead‐like structures were obtained from solutions of 2% TX‐15 with 6% CS(50)/PLA(50). The diameter was between 200 and 300 nm. We found that with increasing TX‐15 in the blend, the nanofibers displayed more hydrophilicity. Compared to CS/PLA nanofibers, the blend polymers with TX‐15 had better tensile mechanical properties. Finally, all cells examined showed high levels of attachment and spreading on CS/PLA/TX‐15 nanofibers with a TX‐15 content of 0～3%. Thus, the nanofibers were nontoxic. In conclusion, adding PLA and TX‐15 to CS via solution‐blending and electrospinning may be an effective way to toughen CS nanofibers and make them more suitable for drug delivery or tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41098.     

Fabrication and characterization of aligned nanofibrous PLGA/Collagen blends as bone tissue scaffolds

Aligned nanofibrous blends of poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and collagen with various PLGA/collagen compositions (80/20, 65/35 and 50/50) were fabricated by electrospinning and characterized for bone tissue engineering. Morphological characterization showed that the addition of collagen to PLGA resulted in narrowing of the diameter distribution and a reduction in average diameter. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies showed that the triple helix structure of the native collagen was not destroyed during the fabrication process. However, the blending had a marked effect on the overall enthalpy of the blends, whereby the total enthalpy decreased as the collagen content decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the addition of collagen increased the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. The crosslinking of collagen to increase the biostability was done using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) in ethanol and an overall ∼25% degree of crosslinking was achieved. The EDC crosslinking had little effect on the nanofibrous morphology of the 80/20 blend system; however, the nanofibrous features were compromised to some extent at higher collagen concentrations. The mechanical characterization under dry and wet conditions showed that increasing collagen content resulted in a tremendous decrease in the mechanical properties. However, crosslinking resulted in the increase in elastic modulus from 47 MPa to 83 MPa for the wet PLGA/Collagen 80/20 blend system, with little effect on the tensile strength. In conclusion, the aligned nanofibrous scaffold used in this study constitutes a promising material for bone tissue engineering.     

Modification of PCL Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat With Calendula officinalis Extract for Improved Interaction With Cells

Nanofibers have improved the performance of biomaterials, and could be considered effective. In this study, poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL)/Calendula officinalis nanofibers were well designed by different analyses. FTIR structural analysis showed the presence of functional groups on the nanofibrous surfaces. The SEM images showed the average size of nanofibers increased with increase in Calendula concentration. The 100° difference was obtained in the contact angle analysis with changes in Calendula concentration; however, tensile strength decreased for the Poly(?-caprolactone)/Calendula officinalis nanofibrous mat compared those unmodified ones. Cellular investigation showed better adhesion, proliferation, and tenocyte cells growth on poly(?-caprolactone)/Calendula officinalis nanofibrous samples than pure PCL nanofibrous mat. The bioavailability of PCL fibers with Calendula officinalis extract was found to be identical to that of PCL fibers, indicating that Calendula officinalis extract is a suitable material for enhancing the biocompatibility of tissue engineering scaffolds.     

Quercetin and curcumin in nanofibers of polycaprolactone and poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate): Assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity

Polymeric nanofibers are materials that can be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. Quercetin and curcumin are antioxidants because of scavenge free radicals and chelate metal ions properties, protecting tissues of lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to develop a scaffold with potential antioxidant activity that was produced from nanofibers consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) and a blend of PCL/poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHB‐HV) with the addition of quercetin or curcumin as the bioactive compound. Curcumin and quercetin were integrated into the solution at a concentration of 3%. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized using calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the addition of bioactive compounds did not alter the thermal properties of the biomaterial. The antioxidant activity of scaffolds with the active compounds was evaluated by hydrate 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) methods. The scaffolds with PCL and PCL/PHB‐HV blend with quercetin exhibited higher antioxidant activity than curcumin with both methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43712.     

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun PCL/Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds

To engineer tissue restoration, it is necessary to provide a bioactive, mechanically robust scaffold. Electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber is a promising biomaterial candidate with excellent mechanical properties, but PCL scaffolds are inert and lack natural cell recognition sites. To overcome this problem we investigated the incorporation of Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) containing inherent RGD tripeptides with PCL in electrospinning process. The mixing ratios showed remarkable impact on the properties of hybrid nanofibers. Increasing PCL content significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of nanofibers. In particular, the mechanical properties were remarkably enhanced when PCL content increased from 50 wt% to 70 wt%. Moreover, the biological assays based on endothelial cells showed promoted cell viability when ASF content reached to 30 wt%. The data demonstrated that the nanofiber containing 70% of PCL and 30% of ASF achieved the most balanced performances for integrating the mechanical properties of PCL and the bioactivity of ASF. Furthermore, biomimetic alignment of 70PCL/30ASF nanofibers was achieved, which could support PC12 neuron‐like cell growth and guide neurite outgrowth, providing a potentially useful option for the engineering of oriented tissues. The results show that the PCL/ASF hybrid nanofibers can be considered as a promising candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:206–213, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Biodegradable Blends Prepared from Polycaprolactone and Poly(glutamic acid): Structure,Thermal Properties,and Biodegradability

Biodegradable polycaprolactone/poly(glutamic acid) (PCL/PGA) blends were prepared by a melt blending method. Additionally, acrylic acid-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL-g-AA) was studied as an alternative to PCL. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), an Instron mechanical tester, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because of poor compatibility between PCL and PGA, the mechanical properties of PCL/PGA blends were worse than of PCL alone. The PCL-g-AA/PGA blends had obviously improved mechanical properties over PCL/PGA ones, and the former provided a plateau tensile strength at break when the PGA content was up to 20 wt%. Biodegradation tests of blends were also conducted in a soil environment; the results showed that the mass of blends declined by about the PGA content within 4 weeks.     

Ternary blend nanofibres of poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate butyrate for skin tissue scaffolds: influence of blend ratio and polycaprolactone molecular mass on miscibility,morphology, crystallinity and thermal properties

Ternary blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) were fabricated into the form of electrospun nanofibres targeted for skin tissue scaffolds. The effects of blend ratio and molecular mass of PCL (PCL1 and PCL2) on morphology, miscibility, crystallinity, thermal properties, surface hydrophilicity and cell culture of the nanofibres were investigated. Blends with high PLA loading (80/10/10 PLA/PCL/CAB) gave fibres with a smooth surface, owing to the enhanced miscibility between the polymer chains from the presence of CAB, which acts as compatibilizer. In contrast, blends with high PCL loading were immiscible, which led to beads during the electrospinning process. The increased molecular mass of PCL2 produced smoother fibres than low‐molecular‐mass PCL1. The XRD patterns of blends of PLA/PCL1/CAB and PLA/PCL2/CAB were similar to one another, in which the high‐crystallinity peaks of PCL seen for 20/70/10 blends were very small for 50/40/10 blends and much less prevalent for 80/10/10 blends. Better fibre formation (80/10/10 > 50/40/10 > 20/70/10) with less crystallinity occurs in well‐formed fibres. Selected blends of PLA/PCL/CAB promoted growth of NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, demonstrating that our novel biocompatible ternary blend nanofibrous scaffolds have potential in skin tissue repair applications. In addition, this work helps in the design and understanding of the factors that control the properties of nanofibrous PLA/PCL/CAB scaffolds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biphasic,tough composite core/shell PCL/PVA-GEL nanofibers for biomedical application

Emulsion electrospinning using natural and synthetic polymers, including two dissimilar materials is a promising technique for nanofibers fabrication in a core/shell configuration for tissue engineering, controlled or sustained drug delivery and dressing applications. In this study, we designed and fabricated core/shell nanofibers based on polycaprolactone (PCL) as core material and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-gelatin (GEL) blend as shell materials (PCL/PVA-GEL) to achieve high mechanical properties, good cell growth, and proliferation via emulsion electrospinning. The effect of water to acetic acid ratio in the solvent system (8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5) and also type and concentration (3, 5, 7 w/v %) of surfactant on emulsion stability and nanofibers morphology were investigated. The emulsion containing 2% Tween80 and 1% Span60 as surfactants were selected by considering the stability of emulsion and uniform fiber morphology. In the tensile strength and elongation at break, 53 and 8% increase in the crosslinked wet state of the PCL/PVA-GEL nanofibers compared with PVA-GEL nanofibers were observed respectively. The cell culture results indicated that the PCL/PVA-GEL nanofibers surface has presented suitable interaction with fibroblast cells and cells attached and proliferated well on the fabricated substrate within 24 and 48 hours and also would be a good candidate for biomedical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48713.     

Analysis of mechanical,thermal, and morphological behavior of polycaprolactone/wood flour blends

In the present study, the properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and wood flour (WF) blends were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Instron mechanical tester, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As for results, the mechanical properties of PCL were lowered obviously, due to the poor compatibility between the two phases, when it was blended with wood flours. A fine dispersion and homogeneity of wood flour in the polymer matrix could be obtained when the acrylic acid grafted PCL (PCL‐g‐AA) was used to replace PCL for manufacture of blends. This better dispersion is due to the formation of branched and crosslinked macromolecules since the PCL‐g‐AA copolymer had carboxyl groups to react with the hydroxyls. This is reflected in the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends. In comparison with pure PCL/WF blend, the increase in tensile strength at break was remarkable for PCL‐g‐AA/WF blend. The PCL‐g‐AA/WF blends are more easily processed than the PCL/WF ones since the former had lower melt viscosity than the latter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1000–1006, 2004     

Physical characteristics of sweet potato pulp/polycaprolactone blends

Sweet potato pulp (SSP) obtained as a by‐product from starch extraction was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) to prepare a biodegradable plastic material. In the blends, PCL was used as a reinforcing agent. The SPP/PCL blends were prepared by compression‐molding under high temperature and pressure, at different SPP/PCL ratios, and the mechanical properties of the molded specimens were tested. Matrix structure and thermal properties were measured by using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Mechanical properties (tensile and flexural properties) were also measured to find the most suitable ratio in a SSP/PCL blend. During compression molding of the SPP/PCL blends under high pressure and temperature, chemical reaction occurred between SPP and PCL, and thus, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the blends increased and water uptake decreased. Also, by increasing the PCL content in the blend, the matrix in the blend became more homogeneous, and consequently, mechanical strength of the molded specimen increased. At 7/3 or 6/4 weight ratio of SSP/PCL, water uptake of the molded specimen became substantially less than that at 8/2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 861–866, 2004     

Immobilization of silk fibroin on the surface of PCL nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) is explored in tissue engineering (TE) applications due to its biocompatibility, processability, and appropriate mechanical properties. However, its hydrophobic nature and lack of functional groups in its structure are major drawbacks of PCL‐based scaffolds limiting appropriate cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, silk fibroin (SF) was immobilized on the surface of electrospun PCL nanofibers via covalent bonds in order to improve their hydrophilicity. To this end, the surface of PCL nanofibers was activated by ultraviolet (UV)–ozone irradiation followed by carboxylic functional groups immobilization on their surface by their immersion in acrylic acid under UV radiation and final immersion in SF solution. Furthermore, morphological, mechanical, contact angle, and Attenuated total reflection‐ Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) were measured to assess the properties of the surface‐modified PCL nanofibers grafted with SF. ATR‐FTIR results confirmed the presence of SF on the surface of PCL nanofibers. Moreover, contact angle measurements of the PCL nanofibers grafted with SF showed the contact angle of zero indicating high hydrophilicity of modified nanofibers. In vitro cell culture studies using NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts confirmed enhanced cytocompatibility, cell adhesion, and proliferation of the SF‐treated PCL nanofibers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46684.     

5-Fluorouracil-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend nanofibers: morphology,drug release and cell culture studies

Electrospun polymeric nanofibers as carriers for anticancer drugs have received a great deal of attention to treat tumor cells. This work was aimed to prepare an optimized nanofibrous sample based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CS) blend, and then evaluate it containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in terms of morphology, drug release, and cell culture. The electrospinning conditions to produce PVA/CS (50/50) blend nanofibers with an average diameter of approximately 150.8 nm were adjusted as follows: applied voltage 17 kV, needle tip to collector distance 60 cm, and flow rate 0.1 mL/h. The obtained results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that there were no chemical interactions between the polymers and drug during the electrospinning process and the uniform morphology without beads. Moreover, to prolong 5-FU release from the blend nanofibers, three layered samples consisting of PVA/CS blend and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [PVA/CS-PCL 3-layers] were electrospun. On the other hand, by adding PCL in the PVA/CS blend nanofibers, the samples showed more hydrophobic property. Eventually, thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay along with NIH 3T3 cells culture proved that the sample could kill more than 80% of the cells. This formulation could be a promising candidate for cancer therapy potentially.