大跨度悬索桥颤振可靠度分析的改进响应面法

介绍一种新的计算悬索桥颤振可靠度方法——改进响应面法。该方法利用传统响应面法将极限状态方程近似表达为简单的多项式形式,有效地解决FORM和SORM无法求解隐式极限状态方程的可靠度问题。另外,改进响应面法的使用还能有效地利用现有的确定性颤振分析软件。通过引入有限元方法,改进响应面法可应用于悬索桥颤振可靠度问题。通过使用重要抽样技术,提高改进响应面法的计算效率和计算精度,有效地解决传统响应面法在结构可靠度较大或失效概率较低时出现的迭代不收敛问题。数值算例验证该方法的效率和精度。最后,用该方法计算江阴长江大桥的颤振可靠度,结果表明基于经验公式的改进响应面法会过高地估计大跨度悬索桥的颤振可靠度。实际的悬索桥颤振可靠度应该采用基于有限元法的改进响应面法进行计算。     

悬索桥颤振的多模态耦合及机理研究

将桥梁结构与气流作为一个系统,从能量平衡的角度研究系统的颤振稳定性.首先建立了系统能量变化率与系统等效阻尼比之间的关系,由不同风速下系统的等效阻尼比判断系统的颤振稳定性,推演了系统及各阶模态等效阻尼比的计算方法.以英国塞文桥为算例,验证了本方法的可靠性,并用于对系统发生颤振时多模态间的耦合机理进行研究.为了进一步探明多模态耦合对不同体系悬索桥颤振稳定性的影响,以我国虎门悬索桥和一座跨海桥设计方案为工程背景,证实了由扁平钢箱梁作为主梁的悬索桥,若结构对称其颤振形态将为对称模式,且系统颤振主要受第一阶对称扭转模态及低阶对称竖弯模态控制,高阶模态的影响很小;并发现了一个新的现象对于单跨悬索桥,多模态分析所得临界风速一般低于二模态分析结果,而对于三跨悬索桥(包括三跨两铰和三跨连续)趋势正好相反,这一发现对于工程实践将具有重要意义.     

Investigation on aerodynamic stability of long-span suspension bridges under erection

The aerodynamic stability of long-span suspension bridge under erection, particularly at early erection stage, is more problematic than in the final state. It is influenced by the deck erection sequence and the nonlinear effects of wind-structure interactions. Considering the geometric nonlinearity of bridge structures and the nonlinear effects of wind-structure interactions, a method of nonlinear aerodynamic stability analysis is presented to predicate the aerodynamic stability limit (flutter speed) of long-span suspension bridges during erection. Taking the Yichang Bridge over the Yangtze River as example, evolutions of flutter speeds with the deck erected by different sequences are numerically generated. The sequences of pylons to midspan and the non-symmetrical deck erection are confirmed analytically to be aerodynamically favorable for the deck erection of long-span suspension bridges, particularly at early erection stages. The flutter speeds of long-span suspension bridges under erection are greatly decreased by the nonlinear effects of wind-structure interactions.     

基于改进一次二阶矩法的桥梁颤振可靠性评价

随着以悬索桥和斜拉桥为代表的大跨度柔性桥梁的发展,由风与桥梁的相互作用而引起桥梁颤振稳定问题倍受关注,而在各种随机因素作用下的桥梁颤振可靠性评价也受到了人们的重视.在对传统的一次二阶矩可靠度计算方法改进的基础上,对国内14座大跨度桥梁进行了颤振可靠性评价.通过与Monte Carlo数值模拟结果的对比表明,所提出的改进一次二阶矩方法能够有效提高小失效概率条件下的可靠度计算精度.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁加固后时变可靠指标分析

在研究既有钢筋混凝土桥梁加固后时变可靠指标计算方法的基础上,以长江上某桥连续箱梁加固工程为例,应用ANSYS软件建立加固后桥梁的有限元分析模型,对影响加固后桥梁挠度的因素进行了敏感性分析,并采用响应面法对基于挠度分析的正常使用极限状态下结构的时变可靠指标进行了计算,对加固后桥梁结构剩余使用寿命进行了预测。     

随机风荷载作用下的桥梁颤振可靠性分析

基于现有的结构可靠性理论,通过极限状态方程建立起桥梁颤振的可靠性分析模型,并提出了用以确定桥梁颤振稳定失效概率的计算方法。其中颤振可靠性分析模型中的极限状态方程以桥梁颤振临界风速为结构抗力变量,以桥址处随机风速为荷载变量。本文采用一次二阶矩理论的几种失效概率计算方法对主跨602m的上海杨浦大桥进行了颤振失效概率计算。     

System reliability of suspension bridges

Provisions for the design of existing suspension bridges often rely on a deterministic basis. Consequently, the reliability of these bridges cannot be assessed if current provisions are applied. In order to develop cost-effective design and maintenance strategies for suspension bridges a system reliability-based approach has to be used. This is accomplished by a probabilistic finite element geometrically nonlinear analysis approach. This study forms part of an investigation into the system reliability evaluation of geometrically nonlinear large span bridges recently undertaken at the University of Colorado. A brief review of reliability analysis of geometrically nonlinear elastic structures allows for the determination of its relevance to the assessment of suspension bridges. A probabilistic finite element geometrically nonlinear elastic code is used for system reliability evaluation of suspension structures. The allowable stress design procedures used by the Honshu Shikoku Bridge Authority for the design of suspension bridges are presented along with their application to the design of an existing bridge. This bridge is studied from a system reliability viewpoint to evaluate its reliability under different loading and damage scenarios. Such information calls attention to the fact that the reliability of cables, hanger ropes and girders are very different. Therefore, optimal maintenance decisions for suspension bridges designed according to allowable stress method are not consistent with those based on equal component reliability values.     

Effects of structural nonlinearity and along-span wind coherence on suspension bridge aerodynamics: Some numerical simulation results

The response of suspension bridges to wind excitation is studied by means of numerical simulations with a specifically developed finite element program implementing full structural nonlinearities. A pure time-domain load model, linearized around the average configuration, is considered. The self-excited effects are included through the indicial function formulation, whereas the buffeting is considered according to the quasi-steady model. The response under turbulent wind, both fully and partially correlated, is evaluated through a Monte Carlo approach. A simplified structural model is considered, where only two cross-sections are modeled. This allows a high reduction of the number of degrees of freedom (DoFs) but maintains many characteristics of the true bridge, precluded to the classical 2-DoF sectional-model (e.g. considering more than two modes, including structural nonlinearities, introducing along-span wind coherence). The case studies of a long-span suspension bridge and a light suspension footbridge are analyzed. It is observed that structural nonlinearities deemphasize the presence of a critical flutter wind velocity, as they limit the oscillation amplitudes. On the other hand, fully correlated flow may produce an important underestimation of the structural response.     

Aeroelastic analysis of long span bridges via indicial functions considering geometric and material nonlinearity

A time domain approach for predicting the flutter response of long-span bridges was presented. The unsteady aerodynamic forces were presented by the indicial functions through a convolution integral, whereas the nonlinear least square method was used to calculate the aerodynamic indicial parameters. The nonlinear dynamic analysis which includes both the geometric and material nonlinearities due to the unsteady self excited aerodynamics force was considered. Numerical analyses were then performed using three dimensional finite element model of the suspension bridge. The results show that the geometric and material nonlinearities have a significant influence on the critical velocity and the response of long-span bridges.     

悬索桥空缆线形计算

系统地阐述了悬索桥空缆状态线形分析的数值分析法和非线性有限元分析法。通过对不同跨径悬索桥的分析,得出将数值分析法和非线性有限元法相结合的方法,既能快速求出悬索桥的空缆线形,又能在精度上满足工程的要求。     

辅助结构对悬索桥的颤振稳定性的影响

随着悬索桥跨度不断增加,风荷载引起的稳定性问题在悬索桥的设计过程中的地位越来越重要,探求具有优异结构性能的悬索桥结构形式成为一项极有意义的工作,本文旨在研究在传统悬索桥基础上增加辅助结构之后悬索桥自振特性的变化,并寻求提高悬索桥颤振临界风速的有效措施。     

影响大跨径悬索桥颤振的非线性因素研究

随着桥梁跨径的增大 ,各种非线性因素对大跨径悬索桥颤振特性的影响将不容忽视。在线性颤振分析方法的基础上 ,考虑风速的空间非均匀分布、结构以及作用于结构上的气动力随结构变形的非线性变化影响因素 ,建立了大跨径桥梁的三维非线性颤振分析方法。以某悬索桥为例 ,进行了考虑风速空间非均匀分布、结构动力特性以及气动力随结构变形的非线性变化等因素的颤振分析 ,揭示了各种非线性因素对大跨径悬索桥颤振影响的机理和规律     

基于神经网络法的自锚式悬索桥可靠度研究

自锚式悬索桥造型美观,且不需要庞大的锚碇。其将主缆锚固于加劲梁上,受力发生了极大的变化。因此,研究自锚式悬索桥的可靠性十分必要。采用BP神经网络法拟合可靠度计算的极限状态函数,引入粒子群算法优化神经网络法的初始权值,实现函数拟合的双优化,新算法则利用MATLAB编程实现。极限状态函数显化后,结合蒙特卡洛法计算自锚式悬索桥在正常使用极限状态下的可靠度。     

大跨度桥梁的抗风强健性及颤振评价

国际学术界公认的结构强健性,是指结构系统抵抗未曾遇见或超乎正常的环境作用的能力。为了突出风灾的未曾遇见性和超乎正常性,文章率先将结构强健性的理念引入桥梁抗风设计与颤振评价中,定义桥梁抗风强健性包括强度、刚度和稳定3个方面,并提出采用桥梁可以抵抗的设计风速的重现时间来表示抗风强健性。针对桥梁抗风稳定中的颤振强健性评价问题,建立用4个随机变量表示的颤振安全域度随机模型,提出采用等效中心点法来计算颤振强健性的可靠指标、失效概率和重现时间。基于提出的颤振强健性评价方法,对4座已经建成的大跨度桥梁和4座将要建设的大跨度桥梁进行颤振强健性分析。     

神经网络技术在预应力混凝土桥梁可靠度分析中的应用

预应力混凝土桥梁结构的极限状态函数往往是通过有限元分析得到的一种隐式的数值关系,而不是通常的显式表达式,采用响应面法进行该类结构可靠度分析较其他方法更为简便.相比于基于多项式的响应面法,神经网络拟合可以以任意精度逼近极限状态函数,从而提高响应面法在预应力混凝土桥梁可靠度分析中的精度.研究表明,神经网络技术可以直接用于预应力混凝土桥梁结构可靠度分析且具有较高的工程应用价值.     

Reliability assessment of cable-stayed bridges based on structural health monitoring techniques

This paper presents the reliability analysis approach of long-span cable-stayed bridges based on structural health monitoring (SHM) technology. First, the framework of structural reliability analysis is recognised based on SHM. The modelling approach of vehicle loads and environmental actions and the extreme value of responses based on SHM are proposed, and then models of vehicle and environmental actions and the extreme value of inner force are statistically obtained using the monitored data of a cable-stayed bridge. For the components without FBG strain sensors, the effects and models (extreme values) of dead load, unit temperature load, and wind load of the bridge can be calculated by the updated finite element model and monitored load models. The bearing capacity of a deteriorated structure can be obtained by the updated finite element model or durability analysis. The reliability index of the bridge's critical components (stiffening girder in this study) can be estimated by using a reliability analysis method, e.g. first order reliability method (FORM) based on the models of extreme value of response and ultimate capacity of the structure. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by a practical long-span cable-stayed bridge with the SHM system. In the example, reliability indices of the bridge's stiffening girder at the stage after repair and replacement after 18 years of operation, and the damaged stage are evaluated.     

大跨度桥梁多模态耦合颤振的自动分析

基于结构的固有模态坐标 ,提出了分析大跨度桥梁结构气动耦合颤振问题新的状态空间方法。为寻找颤振临界风速 ,采用了一种简单而实用的单参数自动搜索过程。在合理假设前提下 ,将系统的一般气动运动方程转化为一种复矩阵的标准特征方程 ,它仅包含两个变量。通过求解该特征值问题进行耦合颤振分析。该颤振分析方法是一种对折减风速的单参数搜索方法 ,它不需要预先选定颤振的参与模态 ,且对结构阻尼矩阵的形式无任何要求。该方法能提供系统各模态的频率和阻尼比随折减风速或自然风速而变化的全过程情况。应该指出 ,文中假设并不影响颤振临界状态的分析结果。此外 ,对主跨跨度 13 85m的江阴长江大桥进行了颤振分析 ,证实了该方法在实际应用中的可靠性和有效性     

Active aerodynamic stabilisation of long suspension bridges

The paper describes the addition of actively controlled aerodynamic appendages (flaps) attached along the length of the bridge deck to dampen wind-induced oscillations in long suspension bridges. A novel approach using control systems methods for the analysis of dynamic stability is presented. In order to make use of control analysis and design techniques, a linear model of the structural and aerodynamic motion around equilibrium is developed. The model is validated through comparison with finite element calculations and wind tunnel experimental data on the Great Belt East Bridge in Denmark. The developed active control scheme is local in that the flap control signal at a given longitudinal position along the bridge only depends on local motion measurements. The analysis makes use of the Nyquist stability criteria and an analysis of the sensitivity function for stability analysis. The analysis shows that the critical wind speed for flutter instability and divergence is increased substantially by active control.     

大跨度非对称悬索桥的颤振稳定性研究

为了研究大跨度非对称悬索桥在不同非对称类型下的颤振稳定性,以主跨为628 m的某主缆不等高支承悬索桥为工程背景,基于全模态的三维频域颤振分析方法对悬索桥进行颤振稳定性分析。利用ANSYS建立了主缆不等高支承(支承高差0～40 m)和边跨跨度非对称(边跨跨度差0～40 m)悬索桥有限元分析模型,并编制相应双参数搜索迭代的APDL计算程序进行三维颤振稳定性分析。结果表明:在构造不等高支承悬索桥时,随着支承高差的增大,低阶模态频率变化较小,高阶模态范围逐渐减小; 弯扭频率比随着支承高差增加而不断减少,高差越大弯扭频率比降低越快; 桥梁颤振临界风速随着支承高差增大而不断降低,使得由于主缆不等高支承高差所引起的非对称结构形式对大跨度悬索桥梁结构的颤振稳定性有所降低; 在构造边跨跨度非对称悬索桥时,弯扭频率比随着边跨跨度差增加而减小; 随着支承跨度差的不断增大,悬索桥梁结构的颤振临界风速不断减小,但减小幅度很小,影响不大,在边跨跨度差较小时几乎可以不考虑对悬索结构的颤振稳定性影响。     

斜拉-悬吊协作体系桥的颤振稳定性研究

运用多模态颤振有限元分析方法 ,分别从悬索的矢跨比、吊跨比、斜拉索索面布置形式、边跨辅助墩的设置以及桥面主梁构成等设计参数着手 ,对主跨 14 0 0m的斜拉 -悬吊协作体系桥进行了颤振稳定性分析 ,指出了影响斜拉 -悬吊协作体系桥颤振稳定性的关键设计参数 ,并从抗风性能角度探讨了斜拉 -悬吊协作体系桥的合理结构型式。