镁二次电池的研究现状

综述了镁二次电池的研究现状。镁二次电池是近年来发展的一种极具潜力的新型能源,它具有高功率、高能量密度、低成本、无毒害、安全性高等特点,相较锂电池有很大的优势,具有十分广泛的用途和良好的发展前景。文章简单的介绍了国内外镁二次电池的研究现状,综述了镁电池负极材料、正极嵌入材料、电解质等方面的研究历程和成果。     

锌—聚苯胺二次电池的性能研究

采用较简单的方法把化学法合成的聚苯胺粉末加工成电极,构成水溶液电解质的锌—聚苯胺二次电池,对电池在各种充放电条件下的性能进行了研究,发现电池具有较高的电容量、能量密度、库仑效率和较好的循环寿命,其适宜的工作条件是电解液的pH值应保持在4左右、充放电电压应限制在0.75～1.50V,充放电电流不得超过2.0mA/cm~2。     

锂离子二次电池

本发明提供一种具备正极、负极和固体电解质，由于界面电阻小，因而电池容量高，且充放电循环特性良好，能够长期稳定使用的锂离子二次电池。     

锂离子二次电池电解质的研究进展

电解质是制备高能量密度和长循环寿命以及安全性能良好的锂离子二次电池的核心材料之一。本文概述了锂离子二次电池电解质的有机溶剂以及电解质盐的研究进展,并讨论了各种电解质盐的优缺点。     

用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物

简要地介绍了以导电聚乙炔ＰＡ为主的用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物的合成方法。     

锂二次电池中聚合物电解质及隔膜的研究进展

本文对锂二次电池中应用的聚合物电解质和隔膜作了概述。简要介绍了聚合物电解质、隔膜的种类和制备方法及其对电池性能的影响,以及聚合物电解质和隔膜的研究近况和应用前景。     

镁硫二次电池研究进展

镁硫电池具有能量密度高、成本低、安全性高等优势,是极具发展前景的新型储能体系之一。目前,在电解液、硫正极以及镁负极方面已取得了一些突破性的成果,但镁硫电池的发展仍处于起步阶段,依旧存在诸多问题与挑战。综述了镁硫电池电解液的发展历程、硫正极的设计策略和镁负极及其界面的研究现状,并对未来镁硫电池亟待解决的问题以及镁硫电池的发展前景进行了总结和展望。     

聚合物及离子液体电解质在锂二次电池中的应用

系统地介绍了锂离子二次电池电解质,特别是聚合物电解质及离子液体电解质的应用研究现状。开发具有高能量密度、稳定的充放电性能、循环寿命长、可塑性、高安全性与低成本的锂离子电池是当前的研究热点。离子液体具有较高的离子电导率、宽电化窗口,且无蒸汽压,而聚合物具有良好的机械加工性能。二者的结合将为锂离子电池电解质的研究提供了新的开发思路。     

PVdF类树脂在二次电池中的应用

１聚合物凝胶电解质的特征 在以前的非水电解液锂二次电池方面,正极和负极都能用聚偏氟乙烯（ＰＶｄＦ）作为粘结剂。最近对隔板也可用ＰＶｄＦ树脂（如表１所示）。全部一体化电池已被设计出来,面向实用化,正进行开发。在隔板方面可采用电解液溶胀的ＰＶｄＦ多孔膜和ＰＶｄＦ类树脂凝胶。同以前的类型不同,因为电解液包含在树脂中,不发生漏液,电池形状的自由度大,还可制成片状。 若将电池制成薄型,首要问题是如何让隔板介于正极与负极间且固定,即采用液体电解质的筒状电池在卷为筒状时,紧贴筒内,将正极,隔板（通常使用由聚乙烯…     

可充镁电池电解质研究现状

综述了可充镁电池电解质材料的研究进展;介绍了有机格氏试剂盐系列电解质和可传导镁离子的聚合物电解质(GPE);简述了相应的制备工艺和存在的主要问题;最后提出可充镁电池电解质的发展趋势.     

可逆镁电池正极材料的研究进展

可逆镁电池是一种颇具潜力的"绿色动力"电池,寻找合适的正极材料一直是镁电池研究的难点。介绍了可逆镁电池正极材料的研究及发展情况,重点介绍了过渡金属硫化物、氧化物及有机物正极材料,以及新型正极材料Mg1.03Mn0.97SiO4等,探讨了当前存在的问题及研究的方向,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Li-LiFePO4 rechargeable polymer battery using dual composite polymer electrolytes

A composite polymer electrolyte, formed by dispersing into a poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium salt matrix two additives, i.e. calyx(6)pyrrole, (CP) acting as an anion trapper and superacid zirconia, S-ZrO₂ acting as a conductivity promoter, has been tested as a separator in a new type of rechargeable lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode. The choice of the electrolyte was motivated by its favourable transport properties both in terms of lithium ion transference number and of total ionic conductivity. The choice of the cathode was motivated by the value of its operating voltage which falls within the stability window of the electrolyte. The performance of the battery was determined by cycling tests carried out at various rates and at various temperatures. The results demonstrate the good rate capability of the battery which can operate at high charge-discharge efficiency even at 1 C rate and that it can be cycled at 90 °C with a satisfactory initial capacity of the order of 90 mAh g⁻¹. These values outline the practical relevance of the composite electrolyte membrane and of its use as separator in a lithium battery. H. H. Sumathipala—On leave from Department of Physics University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.     

Characteristics of an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB)

Electrochemical performance of an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) containing a LiV₃O₈ (negative electrode) and LiCoO₂ (positive electrode) in saturated LiNO₃ aqueous electrolyte was studied. These two electrode materials are stable in the aqueous solution and intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions occurs within the window of electrochemical stability of water. The obtained capacity of this cell system is about 55 mAh/g based on the mass of the positive electrode, which is lower than the corresponding one in the non-aqueous lithium ion battery. However, its specific capacity can be compared with those of the lead acid and Ni-Cd batteries. In addition, initial results show that this cell system is good in cycling.     

可充镁离子电池研究发展现状

与锂离子电池相比,可充镁离子电池因能量密度高、价格低廉,使用及操作安全以及环境友好等性能而得到了广泛关注,可充镁离子电池在大负荷储能方面具有十分广泛的用途和良好的发展前景。目前,可充镁离子电池的电解液与电极材料的相互兼容性还没有达到较为理想的状态,因此,开发高稳定正极材料和宽电压窗口及无钝化电解质是促进可充镁离子电池产业化应用的关键。该文归纳分析了国内外可充镁离子电池的研究发展现状,详细综述了目前两大研究热点正极材料和电解质,对存在的问题和发展方向进行了总结和展望。     

Three electrolyte high voltage acid–alkaline hybrid rechargeable battery

Performance characteristics of a three electrolyte rechargeable acid–alkaline hybrid battery using a PbO₂ positive plate and a nickel metal hydride (NiMH_x) negative electrode in separate electrolyte of H₂SO₄ and KOH were studied. This hybrid battery has three electrolytes in a single cell. A neutral K₂SO₄ salt solution was placed between the acid and alkaline compartments of the cell, in which a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, were employed to separate these three electrolytes. The open circuit voltage of this hybrid cell was found to be 2.64 V in an electrolyte configuration of 1 M H₂SO₄|0.2 M K₂SO₄|2 M KOH electrolyte configuration, compared to 1.92 V in the conventional lead-acid cell in 1 M H₂SO₄ and 1.40 V in a NiMH_x cell in 2 M KOH. This hybrid acid–alkaline PbO₂/NiMH_x battery was shown to operate with a voltage 20% higher than the conventional lead acid battery and 110% higher than nickel–metal hydride battery at 1/3 C discharging rate. The concentrations of the three electrolytes, the dimension of the electrolyte chamber, and other cell/operation parameters with impacts on the hybrid cell performance were investigated.     

Doping effects on structure and electrode performance of K-birnessite-type manganese dioxides for rechargeable lithium battery

The potassium birnessites doped with Al, Ni, and Co were prepared by calcination and aqueous treatment, which showed that single phase products were obtained with Ni and Al up to 5 at.% and Co up to 25 at.% addition to strating KMnO₄. The discharge-recharge capacities and capacity retentions in an aprotic Li cell were not improved by the Ni and Al dopings, but those of the cobalt doped birnessite were improved. The initial discharge capacities of the undoped and cobalt doped birnessites were 170 and 200 mAh g⁻¹ with capacity retentions of 56 and 80% during the initial 20 cycles, respectively. The reasons for the improvement of the battery performance by Co doping were considered as follows: (i) a change in the stacking structure, (ii) a decrease in the charge transfer resistance, and (iii) improved structural stability of the oxide. Their micro structures were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies, and electron microscopy. Also, potassium birnessite synthesized by adding about 3 times excess potassium indicated that the stacking structure was similar to the 30 at.% cobalt doping sample, furthermore, the better capacity retention was achieved as cathode in a Li cell.     

环保型锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4的研究进展

综述了L iFePO4的结构特征、充放电机理、合成方法、改性以及电解质的选择等方面的研究,指出对L iFe-PO4的充放电机理进行理论建模,探索可进行工业化生产的制备方法是目前的研究重点。     

固体氧化物燃料电池的关键材料概述

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)因具有能量转换率高、燃料适应性强、环境友好和操作方便等优点,受到了人们的普遍关注,但是SOFCs的广泛应用还有待于其关键材料的进一步发展。本文系统的介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池对关键材料——电解质材料、阳极材料、阴极材料的要求及其研究现状,并提出了固体氧化物燃料电池在其关键材料方面的一些有待解决的问题。     

Safety evaluation of rechargeable cells with lithium metal anodes and amorphous V2O5 cathodes

Rechargeable cells with lithium metal anodes have a very large theoretical energy density and are a promising cell system. However, rechargeable lithium metal cells are not yet currently commercially available. One of the biggest problems with the cells is the poor safety aspect resulting from the high chemical reactivity of lithium. We have been studying a cell system consisting of an amorphous (a-)V2O5P2O5 (95:5 in molar ratio) cathode, a lithium (Li) metal anode and an organic electrolyte in fabricating an AA-size prototype. In this paper, we report recent progress on our rechargeable lithium metal cell focusing on its safety.