拉铲倒堆开采工艺拉铲臂长和斗容的优化模型

根据我国露天煤矿地质赋存特点,提出了拉铲倒堆开采工艺的联合作业方式,即露天煤矿上部剥离物和煤层采用某些开采工艺,最下部煤层上部的剥离物部分或者全部采用拉铲倒堆开采工艺。采用拉铲倒堆开采工艺时,倒堆剥离台阶采用抛掷爆破方式,将一部分剥离物直接抛掷到内排土场;然后,配备大功率的推土机扩展平台,降低倒堆台阶高度;最后,由拉铲将剩余的剥离物直接倒排至采空区。在爆堆形状一定、推土机降段高度一定时,综合考虑拉铲制造价格和剥离工程量等因素,提出了长臂小斗和短臂大斗两种拉铲设备选型方案,提出了拉铲臂长和斗容的优化模型。     

露天矿拉斗铲倒堆剥离工艺系统的优化决策

分析了当代露天采矿工艺的国际技术发展趋势,概述了露天矿拉斗铲倒堆剥离方法在世界的应用情况,指出了拉斗铲倒堆剥离技术近年的新发展。基于倒堆剥离方法在中国露天煤矿的应用前景,从拉斗铲倒堆剥离工艺系统优化决策的角度,提出了当前应着重研究解决的若干优化课题。文中以胜利矿区1号露天矿为例,对拉斗铲规格与开采参数的综合优化选择,以及拉斗铲作业方式及其与抛掷爆破和推土机推土工程的优化配合问题作了实例研究。     

抛掷爆破与拉斗铲倒堆工艺研究

根据黑岱沟露天煤矿的矿床地质条件及扩建的要求，系统的研究了抛掷爆破与拉斗铲倒堆相结合的剥离工艺。对抛掷爆破的方法与参数、剥离台阶开采参数、有效抛掷率、拉斗铲作业方式、再倒堆系数等进行了模拟计算与分析。     

我国露天煤矿拉斗铲倒堆工艺应用综述

阐述了拉斗铲倒堆工艺在我国露天矿山的应用及推广情况,针对准能黑岱沟露天煤矿拉斗铲应用中存在的问题进行了探讨,搜集整理了大量国外实践数据,客观的量化分析了黑岱沟露天矿拉斗铲倒堆工艺在作业成本、效率、能力等方面与国外存在的差距,提出当前存在问题的根源在于:倒堆开采工艺设计不合理、设备维护检修及生产组织管理水平与国外相比较为落后。根据国内外开采条件的对比分析,提出采用分区开采设计方案替代现行的全工作线开采方案,并提出未来拉斗铲倒堆工艺的重点研究方向应为:采场分区开采设计方法、拉斗铲倒堆作业方式及程序优化设计方法、设计施工管理与设备维护检修的信息化技术。     

白音华二号露天煤矿拉斗铲倒堆工艺应用研究

对白音华二号露天煤矿采用拉斗铲倒堆工艺的可行性、拉斗铲工作面开采参数、工艺系统采剥作业程序及运煤系统进行了分析研究。二号露天煤矿属近水平缓倾斜煤层,具备采用拉斗铲倒堆工艺的基本条件;主倒堆台阶的岩石采用拉斗铲配合抛掷爆破剥离,煤层间夹矸的剥离由推土机配合拉斗铲来完成;采剥程序采用双翼开采法,从中部将采区分成两部分,拉斗铲和采煤电铲以一定间隔从采区中部分别向两侧端帮推进;采用溜井—坑底下巷道带式输送机—斜井带式输送机运煤系统,可以减小对上部剥离物运距和内排土场容量的影响。     

厚覆盖层下拉斗铲剥离与半连续采煤系统的可靠性

针对拉斗铲倒堆工艺开采的特殊性,将拉斗铲倒堆剥离、坑底存煤和半连续采煤环节看作一个系统,根据露天煤矿的采煤强度要求,利用拉斗铲维修时间分布规律,得到坑底的最小存煤量计算公式,建立系统可靠性模型,分析出系统所处的5种状态以及其相互转化的规律,得到转移矩阵和有效度.通过对神华准格尔能源有限公司黑岱沟露天煤矿的实例研究表明：坑底存煤量取决于拉斗铲的平均维修时间,坑底存煤对于保证拉斗铲倒堆剥离工艺下采煤作业稳定具有重要的意义.同时,提高拉斗铲的维修率是提高系统可靠性最重要的途径.     

黑岱沟露天煤矿拉斗铲倒堆作业方式比选分析

拉斗铲倒堆作业方式的设计应充分考虑原煤产量、工作线长度等参数,然而近十年来黑岱沟露天煤矿原煤生产目标不断提高,转入二采区后工作线长度也发生了变化,拉斗铲倒堆工艺的效率不断降低、成本不断增加,目前已成为黑岱沟露天煤矿综合开采工艺的瓶颈环节。针对上述问题,研究分析了倒堆工作面参数对系统作业效率的影响,提出了三种拉斗铲倒堆作业方式,计算了各方案的移设周期内可挖掘物料量、可用排弃空间、二次倒堆量等关键指标,得出在当前开采条件下,采用“拉斗铲分别站立于工作面与排土场倒堆”作业方式系统效率最高,经济效益最佳。     

单斗挖掘机窄采掘带倒堆工艺研究

针对拉斗铲倒堆工艺存在的投资大、适应性差等问题,提出了一种适用于最下部薄及中厚矿层开采的倒堆剥离工艺。单斗挖掘机站立于煤层顶板将剥离物倒堆排弃至内排土场揭露煤层顶板,同时布置一台液压反铲站立于内排土场平台上进行二次倒堆揭露煤层台阶坡面,完成倒堆剥离作业。与单斗—卡车间断工艺相比,该工艺不仅可避免费用高昂的卡车运输,同时有利于缩短整个露天矿的剥离物内排运距,即使重复倒堆率达100%时采用该工艺在经济上仍是合理的。实例研究表明,安家岭露天煤矿11#煤层采用单斗挖掘机倒堆开采可节约剥离费用约1 400万元/a。     

近水平露天煤矿条带开采倒堆工艺关键参数研究

为了研究近水平露天煤矿采用拉斗铲倒堆剥离工艺的基本参数,分析了拉斗铲作业的基本参数,建立了计算公式,基于基本参数推导出拉斗铲的年有效生产能力。根据黑岱沟露天煤矿的基本情况,对其拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数进行了研究和评价。结果表明:拉斗铲的年有效生产能力与回转角之间符合二次函数关系,回转角与开采条带宽度和有效挖掘时间等多个参数存在函数关系。     

拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺系统作业方式研究

介绍了一台拉斗铲无运输倒堆开采工艺对单一煤层、多煤层及对5层煤的覆盖岩层进行无运输倒堆的工艺系统的作业方式,并结合红沙泉一号露天煤矿剥离拟采用拉斗铲无运输倒堆开采工艺的具体情况,分析得出本矿应用一台拉斗铲无运输倒堆开采工艺对2煤层煤的覆盖岩层进行无运输倒堆的工艺系统的作业方式。     

露天矿采用倒堆工艺下铲型规格的选择

露天矿应用拉斗铲倒堆工艺的关键问题首先要做好拉斗铲的选型。为达到综合优化选择的目的 ,在系统分析的基础上 ,提出了拉斗铲选型的基本思路 ,通过计算机模拟 ,可对不同方案下的拉铲型号作出选择 ,并得出相应的一系列工作面参数供优化决策使用。     

Stripping with direct dumping in Kuzbass open pit mines: The current state and prospects

The analytical results are given for application of stripping with direct dumping in open pit mines in Kuzbass. It is emphasized that this most productive and the least power-consuming technology loses its weight in the overall content of overburden stripping. The authors propose a method to determine rational boundaries for application area of stripping with direct dumping using slice re-excavation coefficient. The scope of the discussion comprises potential trends of the technology and use of draglines towards enhancement of open pit mining efficiency.     

Numerical modeling of overburden rehandling with draglines

The numerical modeling techniques are exposed and some mathematical problems are formulated to determine final spatial positions of the technology components included in open cutting with direct dumping, such as a disintegration of broken rocks, a rock pile and a dragline. The discussed formulations were integrated in algorithms and programs designed for automated composition of operating procedures for blasted overburden rehandling by draglines.     

露天矿应用拉斗铲倒堆工艺影响因素分析

论文从技术、经济、社会、环境等方面综合分析了影响拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺在我国应用的各种因素,通过综合分析认为,我国已经具备了应用拉斗铲倒堆工艺建设大型高产高效露天煤矿的条件,其主要限制因素为资源条件的复杂性和操作管理经验的缺乏。该项研究将对拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺在我国露天煤矿的应用起到促进作用。     

Technical Approach to Prediction of Dragline Productiveness in Blasted Rock Handling at Open Pit Mines in Permafrost Zone

The authors describe a technical approach to validating efficient regimes and process flow charts for draglines in open pit mining in permafrost zone; the approach integrates modeling data on temperature conditions of permafrost treated by blasting, geometrical parameters of a dragline face and interaction of work cycle time and face rock temperature in different seasons. It is shown that a dragline has the appreciably reduced productivity in slice-by-slice handling of broken-rock disintegration having negative temperature.     

Substantiation of Application of Overburden Rehandling in Flat-Dipping Deposits

The layer reexcavation ratio is proposed to use for determination of overburden thickness in the combined conveying and direct-dumping systems of mining by draglines with haulage to goaf. It is established that this method ensures the decrease in costs of mining the horizontal and flat-dipping deposits.     

复合煤层条件下拉斗铲作业方式优化研究

对复合煤层条件下的拉斗铲作业方式进行了总结与评述,依据拉斗铲数量和夹矸层剥离方式不同分为单铲逐层倒堆剥离、夹矸层辅助设备剥离、双铲联合倒堆剥离3类．研究分析了各种作业方式的适用条件,提出评价拉斗铲倒堆剥离作业方式的4项优选指标：辅助设备年总工程量及平均移运距离、拉斗铲年有效工程量、拉斗铲再倒堆工程量和选用的拉斗铲规格,通过优选指标计算和方案对比可确定具体埋藏条件下的拉斗铲最佳作业方式．以某个露天煤矿的具体煤层赋存条件为例,对复合煤层条件下的拉斗铲作业方式进行了研究,通过优选指标评价和经济效益分析,认为采用单铲逐层倒堆剥离方案最优．     

Methodological basis for calculating parameters of direct dumping flowsheets in open pit mining of gently dipping coal beds

Under discussion are the direct dumping flowsheets applied to remove lower overburden layers at coal series deposits in Kuzbass. The authors present the calculation procedure for the parameters of overburden excavation and re-excavation flowsheets using draglines. It is found how the re-excavation coefficient depends on the place and level of the dragline site. The recommendations on selecting the dragline route in internal dumping are made. The main trends toward expanding the area of application of the direct dumping technology are identified.     

Three-dimensional solution of mining-geometric problems in a graphic dialog regime in planning opencasts

In order to solve a complex of mining-geometric problems in a three-dimensional statement, triangulation models of the interfaces are used that differ from known models by excluding the requirement of uniformity for the support network and the application of structure-forming elements of deposits: planes of tectonic disturbances, borders of geological blocks, etc. The problem is formulated for evaluating the locations of opencast fields within their finite boundaries, and also in the dynamics of working. Algorithms are given for fulfilling the basic graphical and analytical operations in three-dimensional space, including dialog operations. Traditional parameters for analyzing mining operation regime are supplemented by new ones, i.e., physically required work for moving rock mass by means of transport and rehandling of overburden by draglines, and these parameters are determined for each stage of mining. Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 89–102, November–December, 1999.     

Mining of U-shaped hard mineral bodies

The authors analyze structural features of U-shaped hard mineral bodies and offer an approach to selecting scenarios of opening-up and sequence of mining at such deposits. It is validated efficient to use draglines for actual mining and overburden removal. The analytical method of finding re-excavation factor in dragline mining is proposed.