含Ti,Mn或Nb的Fe—25Cr合金在800℃的H2—H2S混合气氛中的硫化

研究了含４％Ｔｉ、９％Ｍｎ和８％Ｎｂ的Ｆｅ２５Ｃｒ合金在８００℃、１０－３～１Ｐａ硫分压范围内Ｈ２Ｈ２Ｓ混合气氛中的高温硫化,硫化动力学均基本遵循抛物线规律。当硫化层开裂或者与基体分离时,硫化增重—时间曲线出现转折。对比Ｆｅ２５Ｃｒ合金,３种元素的加入均不同程度地降低了硫化速度,但未根本改变硫化层结构。讨论了Ｆｅ２５Ｃｒ基三元合金的硫化过程及３种合金元素的作用。     

Fe—Mn─Al合金的腐蚀性能与钝化膜的研究

应用阳极极化及ＡＥＳ／ＸＰＳ技术,研究了Ｆｅ－３０．８Ｍｎ－８．２Ａｌ奥氏体合金在ｐＨ值为－０．８至１５．３的水溶液中的腐蚀性能,并与Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ合金、低碳钢、９％Ｎｉ低温钢及１Ｃｒ１３不锈钢进行对比。在所测试的水溶液中,该合金的腐蚀抗力优于低碳钢和Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ合金,与９％Ｎｉ钢相当,但不及１Ｃｒ１３不锈钢。Ｆｅ－３０．８Ｍｎ－８．２Ａｌ合金在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ个中形成的钝化膜的最表层可能为氢氧化物,而膜的主体由Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｍｎ２Ｏ３及Ａｌ２Ｏ３组成。     

Fe—Mn—Al合金的腐蚀性能与钝化膜的研究

应用阳极极化及ＡＥＳ／ＸＰＳ技术，研究了Ｆｅ－３０．８Ｍｎ－８．２Ａｌ奥氏体合金在ｐＨ值为－０．８至１５．３的水溶液中的腐蚀性能，并与Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ合金，低碳钢，９％Ｎｉ低温钢及１Ｃｒ１３不锈钢进行对比。在所测试的水溶液中，该合金的腐蚀抗力优于低碳钢的Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ合金，与９％Ｎｉ钢相当，但不及１Ｃｒ１３不锈钢。     

合金元素对Zr－Sn－Fe－Cr－Nb合金性能的影响

介绍了几种新锆合金４００℃，１０．３ＭＰａ静态高压釜试验结果和室温及高温（３７５℃）的拉伸试验结果，分析了新合金中合金元素Ｎｂ．Ｓｎ．Ｆｅ．Ｃｒ对抗伸强度及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：通过控制合金元素的含量，在经历与Ｚｒ－４相同的生产工艺条件下、可以得到强度和耐蚀性能更为优异的新铝合金。试验表明：这种新型的Ｚｒ－Ｓｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ中加入Ｎｂ量应在０．１ｗｔ％－０．３ｗｔ％之间；在含１ｗｔ％Ｎｂ的新合金中，Ｓｎ的含量不应低于０．５ｗｔ％：在新合金研制时，适当提高Ｆｅ＋Ｃｒ的含量是有益的，但Ｆｅ／Ｃｒ比不应太高。     

Fe－25Cr合金的预氧化－硫化行为

用热重法研究了Ｆｅ—２５Ｃｒ合金预氧化一硫化行为。本文采用从高温氧化后不经冷却至室温而直接转换到硫化的方法，避免了冷却造成的明显开裂。结果发现随着氧化时间的增加，硫化孕育期延长。Ｃｒ２Ｏ３层的失效是由于在氧化层中形成硫的快速扩散通道造成的。     

Fe－27Mn－3．5Si合金的阻尼特性

Ｆｅ－２７Ｍｎ－３．５Ｓｉ合金的阻尼特性近年来人们研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ系形状记忆合金的阻尼特性，并对Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｍｎ合金提出了堆垛层错产生的阻尼机制。可以指望易于产生堆垛层错和ε马氏体的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金，有可能具有很高的阻尼特性。考虑到Ｆｅ－２...     

含钒Fe—Ni—Cr合金在H2S—H2—CO2混合气氛中的硫化腐蚀

含钒ＦｅＮｉＣｒ合金在０．４％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２和１％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２气氛中于６００℃下的腐蚀产物包括外层疏松多孔、呈粉状的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｓ，其下致密的ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４和里层的Ｃｒ３Ｓ４。１％Ｈ２Ｓ气体中腐蚀，ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４的上部还有（Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ）Ｓ块的形成。钒与镍富集于ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４／Ｃｒ３Ｓ４交界处。     

Fe—Ni—Cr合金在H2S／H2／CO2混合气氛中的高温腐蚀

研究了铬含量相当，镍含量分别为１８ｗｔ％和３９ｗｔ％的两种Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金在Ｈ２Ｓ／Ｈ２／ＣＯ２混合气氛中于６００℃的腐蚀动力学产物层结构。镍含量不同使腐蚀产物结构上有差异；１８ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的外腐蚀层为ＦｅＳ，其下是ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４和Ｃｒ３Ｓ４；而３９ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的腐蚀产物外层是疏松多孔，呈黑色粉状的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｓ，其下也是ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４与Ｃｒ３Ｓ４；而３９ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的腐蚀产物外层是疏     

Fe50Mo在不同硫压下的高温硫化行为

用ＴＧＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ观察分析了Ｆｅ５０Ｍｏ合金在９００℃、１０～５０ｋＰａ的硫蒸气中的高温硫化动力学曲线和硫化产物层的组成及结构。发现硫化动力学基本不受硫压的影响，但高硫压下合金发生较严重的硫化，其产物层由低硫压时的一、二层变为类似于Ｆｅ４０Ｍｏ产物层的三层结构：外层ＦｅＳ／中间层ＭｏＳ２／内层Ｆｅ、Ｍｏ的复杂硫化物。内层虽然在硫化后期生成，但发展速度比中间层快，密度也较低。中间层是阻止合金进一步硫化的主要产物，但仍允许Ｆｅ２＋通过，使外层ＦｅＳ得以继续生长，合金进一步硫化。     

合金元素对Zr—Sn—Fe—Cr—Nb合金性能的影响

介绍了几种新锆合金４００℃，１０．３ＭＰａ静态高压釜试验结果和室温及高温（３７５℃）的拉伸试验结果，分析了新合金中合金元素Ｎｂ．Ｓｎ．Ｆｅ．Ｃｒ对抗伸强度及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：通过控制合金元素的含量，在经历与Ｚｒ－４相同的生产工艺条件下、可以得到强度和耐蚀性能更为优异的新铝合金。试验表明：这种新型的Ｚｒ－Ｓｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ中加入Ｎｂ量应在０．１ｗｔ％－０．３ｗｔ％之间；在含１ｗｔ％Ｎｂ的新合金中，Ｓｎ的含量不应低于０．５ｗｔ％：在新合金研制时，适当提高Ｆｅ＋Ｃｒ的含量是有益的，但Ｆｅ／Ｃｒ比不应     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。