复合固体推进剂损伤行为的多尺度研究进展

从微观、细观、宏观尺度和跨尺度4个方面,对复合固体推进剂损伤行为的研究进展进行了梳理,重点综述了不同尺度下损伤的观测和表征方法、损伤阈值的确定方法、损伤演化模型的构建方法、损伤数值模拟方法及宏细观跨尺度分析方法,并在此基础上针对当前研究中存在的若干不足,展望了需进一步重点开展研究的方向：拓宽微观尺度上开展复合固体推进剂损伤行为数值模拟时考虑的影响因素的范围,并从多个方面加强与试验研究结论的验证;提高细观尺度上损伤观测试验的能力、损伤演化模型的表征水平和损伤数值模拟的计算精度;提高宏观尺度上损伤识别测试试验的检测精度、损伤阈值确定方法的精确性和损伤演化模型的预测能力;在形成微细宏观单一尺度上复合固体推进剂损伤行为研究的标准规范的基础上,进一步建立推进剂损伤行为跨尺度研究的理论方法体系。     

SEM与数字图像法分析复合推进剂细观破坏

对复合固体推进剂拉伸变形破坏过程进行了原位扫描电镜观察,采用数字图像相关方法分析了不同变形阶段电镜图片,得到了推进剂细观表面变形场,探讨其在拉伸过程中的细观破坏机理。研究结果表明,数字图像相关方法与扫描电镜相结合为复合固体推进剂在细观尺度下的测量与破坏机理分析提供了新的途径,也为推进剂细观数值模拟提供了实验依据。     

复合固体推进剂非线性界面脱粘的力学性能研究

复合固体推进剂是高体积分数的颗粒填充材料,因此建立细观力学模型对于研究其力学性能具有十分重要意义.应用细观力学的Mori-Tanaka方法研究了推进剂本构关系,其中推进剂颗粒与基体的界面粘接律采用抛物线型假设.通过算例证明抛物线型粘接律能更好模拟推进剂颗粒与基体的非线性脱粘行为,并且研究表明推进剂中颗粒大小、体积分数以及颗粒基体界面间的最大粘接应力对其力学性能有明显影响.     

HTPB/IPDI复合固体推进剂细观界面率相关参数的反演识别研究

为研究HTPB/IPDI(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/isophorone diisocyanate)复合固体推进剂细观界面性能随加载速率的变化规律,基于分子动力学算法生成了HTPB/IPDI复合固体推进剂的细观颗粒填充模型。颗粒与基体间粘接作用通过结合粘弹性标准机械单元及指数型率无关内聚本构所构建出的率相关内聚力模型模拟。通过HTPB/IPDI基体胶片的应力松弛试验得到细观模型中基体材料的松弛参数。基于模型对HTPB/IPDI推进剂在不同加载速率下(0.1,5,20 mm·min~(-1))的宏观力学响应进行仿真计算。利用数值仿真结果与HTPB/IPDI推进剂单轴拉伸试验结果曲线,通过Hooke-Jeeves优化算法对率相关内聚力模型参数进行反演分析,得到了优化后的界面参数数值。利用所建立的模型对50,100 mm·min~(-1)加载速率下的HTPB/IPDI复合固体推进剂材料的宏观力学行为进行预测。结果显示,预测结果与实际试验结果较为一致。     

计算机模拟固体推进剂贮存老化的研究进展

分析了微观和介观层面常用计算机模拟方法的特点及局限性,重点介绍了这些方法在构建固体推进剂微结构、判断组分相容性、研究交联降解机理及界面相行为等方面的应用,并展望了计算机模拟方法在固体推进剂老化研究中的发展前景,认为贯穿微观、介观和宏观的多尺度模拟研究将是今后老化研究的重点。     

HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅰ型破坏温度相关特性

为了准确地描述固体火箭发动机端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂/衬层黏接界面在不同温度下的力学特性,从试验和数值仿真两方面研究了该黏接界面的Ⅰ型破坏特性.首先,通过单轴拉伸实验获取了不同温度下的载荷-位移曲线,并采用高速摄像机获取了黏接界面的破坏过程,分析了黏接界面的破坏形式,发现HTPB推进剂/衬层黏接界面的破坏形式为...     

固体推进剂黏弹性参数的确定及细观损伤演化

固体推进剂力学模型参数的准确性对其宏观力学响应预测具有重要的意义,为解耦标定固体推进剂非线性黏弹性模型参数,提出一种基于台阶应力松弛试验的模型参数确定方法。通过台阶应力松弛平衡响应确定固体推进剂弹性部分参数,通过小变形下的应力松弛确定无量纲松弛模量,分析一种固体推进剂力学响应。研究结果表明：固体推进剂在台阶应力松弛及单轴拉伸条件下的力学性能预测结果与试验结果吻合,验证了所提方法的有效性;由于平衡响应包含损伤,采用该方法标定的参数可用于预测含损伤固体推进剂力学响应。在此基础上,提出一种基于推进剂模型参数标定等效黏合剂力学参数的方法,并通过引入基于黏弹性脱湿准则的相界面模型建立代表性体积单元计算模型,实现在宽应变(～100%)范围内推进剂脱湿损伤分析,为推进剂宏观力学性能预测及细观损伤演化分析提供了支撑。     

复合固体推进剂静电危险性研究进展

从复合固体推进剂静电危险性实验测试方法、理论预估和静电对推进剂的作用机理等三方面,综述了国内外固体推进剂静电危险性研究的进展。国外使用有关设备测量实际作用于推进剂试样上的静电能量作为静电感度评价标准;"渗透系数"模型可实现对推进剂静电危险性的简单预估,基于热点形成发展的计算模型建立了推进剂的静电危险性与推进剂力学、燃烧性能之间的联系;利用红外测温方法,观察到了静电作用过程中热辐射和热传导,形成了广为接受的"热点"形成机理。国内尚需加强复合固体推进剂静电危险性的系统研究,形成可靠的复合固体推进剂静电危险性评价方法。     

复合固体推进剂动态断裂研究

用轻气炮驱动飞片技术对复合推进剂进行了动态压缩和层裂实验，选用有机硅橡胶衬底材料，利用压阻计测得了复合推进剂中的层裂信号，结果表明，复合的推进剂在动态压缩条件下主要表现为固体颗粒高氯酸铵的破碎，即首先在固体颗粒中产生微裂纹，在动加载下呈脆性断裂性质，测得的层裂压力曲线与典型的层裂信号明显不同，同时，采用细观分析方法得到了一个描述固体推进剂断裂的简化脆性损伤模型，并利用本模拟了层裂过程，计算结果与     

基于粘聚区模型的推进剂开裂数值仿真

为了研究复合固体推进剂裂纹开裂过程,利用粘聚区模型理论构建了复合固体推进剂断裂过程的物理和数学模型;推导了粘聚区单元的有限元离散格式;结合ABAQUS二次开发技术对裂纹扩展过程进行了数值仿真,获得了HTPB推进剂Ⅰ-Ⅱ型裂纹扩展过程中的裂纹扩展路径和裂尖应力变化情况.分析了粘聚区本构参数对仿真结果的影响,确定了其取值范围.将仿真和实验对比,结果表明所建立的数值仿真方法可以较为准确地模拟复合固体推进剂裂尖的损伤应力场,以及预测裂纹扩展路径;粘聚区模型可以为固体推进剂装药完整性和安全性分析提供可靠的分析计算方法.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.