滑动速度对磨损自补偿性能的影响

研究了５组滑动速度下钢－铜摩擦副在不同润滑介质作用下的摩擦学特性，发现摩擦副加有自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４和常规润滑剂具有不同的摩擦学特性：总的说，前者的钢、铜及副的磨损均比后者低得多；其相对耐磨性也随速度的增加而下降；而在某些速度下自补偿剂作用使钢出现负磨损；速度越低，磨损自补偿效应越显著。自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４能提高低速运行下钢－铜摩擦副（如丝杆螺母副、蜗轮蜗杆副）的磨损寿命。     

凹凸棒石/油溶性纳米铜复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用SRV-Ⅳ型摩擦磨损试验机研究凹凸棒石/油溶性纳米铜复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能,利用SEM和XPS对磨损表面进行表征分析。结果表明:两种单一添加剂均能明显改善基础油对钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能,而复合添加剂较单一添加剂具有更加优越的减摩抗磨性;载荷越高,复合添加剂的摩擦学性能越好。在复合添加剂的作用下,磨损表面形成了致密光滑的复合摩擦保护膜,该保护膜的主要成分为FeS_2,Fe_2O_3,SiO_2,Cu,FeOOH和有机物。     

机械油中添加剂对铜-钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应

运用改装的四球试验机考察了ZSC添加剂在N68油中对铜-钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应，研究表明：ZSC添加剂具有优异的减摩和节能效应，对铜-钢摩擦副及其配件产生了优异的自补偿耐磨效应，零磨损效应和自修复效应。     

含磷润滑添加剂在钢-镁摩擦副间摩擦学特性的研究

利用MRH-3环块摩擦试验机实验考察了4种商用含磷润滑添加剂在钢-镁摩擦副间的摩擦学性能.研究表明:考察的磷酸酯能显著提高基础油的承载能力,且比基础油具有更优良的减摩效果;但在轻载下导致的镁合金体积磨损量均较基础油大.探讨了磷酸酯添加剂摩擦学特性与其反应活性的相关性.     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶/不锈钢摩擦性能研究

利用球-盘摩擦试验机研究润滑状态、载荷、滑动速度和不锈钢球直径对PVA水凝胶/不锈钢球摩擦副摩擦系数的影响.研究结果表明PVA凝胶内的自由水对摩擦副起着良好的润滑作用.在摩擦的起始阶段,干摩擦和润滑剂润滑状态下的摩擦系数相差甚微,随摩擦时间的延长,干摩擦状态下的摩擦系数在短时间内急剧上升,而润滑剂润滑状态下的摩擦系数基本保持不变;摩擦副的摩擦系数随滑动速度和不锈钢球直径的增加而下降,当滑动速度从45r/min升至225r/min时,摩擦副的摩擦系数下降54.24%;摩擦系数随载荷的增加而上升,但在低载荷区,摩擦副的摩擦系数的上升速率明显大于其在高载荷区的上升速率.随着载荷的增加,凝胶中自由水对摩擦副的润滑作用逐渐增强.     

一种无机纳米润滑油添加剂对钢／钢摩擦副表面的影响

研究了一种纳米矿物润滑油添加剂在改装的摩擦试验机上对钢／钢摩擦副表面改性的影响及作用机理,采用扫描电镜、X射线能量色散谱仪、显微硬度测试仪等对摩擦表面形成的保护层进行了分析,结果表明,摩擦试样表面有添加剂物质沉积膜生成,表面微区增添了来自矿物粉体中的元素,显微硬度显著提高,对摩擦表面起到了很好的减摩作用.     

油酸修饰纳米BN/TiN润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

使用油酸对BN,TiN,BN/TiN纳米添加剂进行表面改性修饰,通过傅里叶红外光谱仪进行表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察润滑油纳米添加剂的摩擦学性能。结果表明:油酸成功枝接在纳米颗粒表面,提高其分散性能。与纯基础油相比,纳米添加剂工况摩擦因数降低11.7%,磨斑直径降低29.5%,磨斑表面未出现起皮脱落现象,沟槽深度、宽度明显降低,混合BN/TiN纳米添加剂表现出协同润滑作用。纳米BN,TiN颗粒能够进入摩擦副中,起到微轴承作用,降低摩擦磨损,进入摩擦副中的纳米BN与摩擦副基体材料发生化学反应,生成氮化硼、氧化硼、氧化铁等物质修复磨损表面。     

WS_2锂基润滑脂的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用95 nm、0.74和1.75μm 3种不同粒径WS2粉体作为添加剂制备了锂基润滑脂,并利用四球摩擦磨损试验机分别考察了其摩擦学性能,采用SEM、EDAX、XPS分析了磨损表面的形貌、元素成分及其化学状态。结果表明,WS2作为润滑脂添加剂具有非常优异的摩擦学性能,其中95 nm粒径WS2粉体表现出的性能最优。研究表明WS2添加剂的润滑作用机理是吸附膜,沉积膜或化学反应膜相互作用的结果,不同润滑状态其作用方式也不同,在中高载荷条件下吸附在摩擦副表层的WS2易发生渗镀现象,并可在亚表层内形成致密的WO3化学反应膜。     

新型无硫磷含氮润滑材料的制备及其对钢-钢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

通过摩擦化学中的分子设计思想,设计制备了新型无硫磷含氮润滑材料,采用元素分析、傅立叶红外光谱和核磁共振波谱对其结构进行了表征,在四球试验机、环块试验机和万能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其在常用钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能,再用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨斑表面形貌及表面膜化学特征。结果表明:该润滑材料能明显降低摩擦副磨损,提高基础油承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,并在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面形成以氧化亚铁、有机氮化物和含氮金属配合物等为主要成分的摩擦反应膜。     

载荷对自修复纳米润滑添加剂摩擦学性能的影响

采用WAZAU摩擦磨损试验机分析了N68基础油和添加了自修复纳米润滑添加剂的润滑油N68NT1在不同载荷下的摩擦系数,并在线检测了钢/钢摩擦副在摩擦过程中润滑介质的温度变化情况.试验结果表明:同基础油N68相比,添加了自修复纳米润滑添加剂的润滑油表现出了良好的摩擦学性能,载荷对其的影响也不同于载荷对N68基础油的影响,同时N68NT1表现出了良好的散热性能.     

基于时变载荷的齿轮摩擦功率损失计算研究

应用齿轮啮合原理、齿轮接触分析和摩擦学理论,提出考虑齿轮瞬态啮合过程中传动效率随齿面接触载荷时变的齿轮摩擦功率损失计算方法;建立了啮合齿面间的相对运动速度、接触压力、滑动摩擦系数及摩擦功率损失的计算模型,并编制了计算程序;分析了齿轮几何参数、运行工况及润滑油温度等对齿轮摩擦功率损失的影响规律.研究结果为齿轮传动及其润滑系统的合理设计提供理论依据.     

A comparison of friction in hydrogel and polyurethane materials for cushion-form joints

The use of a thin layer of a compliant material as a bearing surface in human replacement joints has been found to promote fluid-film lubrication in the joint during continuous movement. However, during periods of continuous loading and little or no movement the fluid film may break down and the articulating surfaces may come into direct contact. This study considers the friction of three compliant materials under conditions of continuous loading and slow sliding velocities. The friction of a non-porous polyrethane and two porous hydrogel polymers, a terpolymer and a semi-interpenetrating network, was studied. Friction was measured between a hard spherical slider and a thin layer of the compliant material. Sliding was carried out in the presence of deionised water or new-born-calf serum as the lubricant. The friction was measured at the start up of motion, after prolonged periods of static loading, and during the subsequent sliding at a constant velocity. All three materials were found to give lower friction during steady-state sliding than at start up. Friction was also higher when serum was used as a lubricant. However, the porous hydrogels gave lower friction than the non-porous polyurethane, especially at start up. The terpolymer hydrogel gave the lowest friction values of the three materials, both at start up and in the steady state.     

Surface damage of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites under reciprocating sliding in ambient air

For many technical applications friction and wear are critical issues. Reinforced polymer-matrix composites are widely used under vibrating contact condition in various automotive and aerospace applications as well as in structural engineering. In this paper, the friction and wear of bulk epoxy and unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite have been investigated under reciprocating sliding against either alumina or stainless steel balls in ambient air. The effect of sliding direction with respect to the long and unidirectional carbon fibers has been studied. We demonstrate that the carbon fiber reinforcement greatly improves the tribological properties of the thermoset epoxy: it reduces the coefficient of friction and the debris formation. It was found that on sliding in the anti-parallel direction a more significant degradation takes place than in the parallel direction. The coefficient of friction measured on bulk epoxy sliding against either stainless steel or alumina is around 0.65, whereas the coefficient of friction measured on epoxy reinforced with carbon fibers is significantly lower, namely down to 0.11. It was found that sliding with a stainless steel ball in a direction parallel to the fiber orientation results in a lower coefficient of friction than sliding in anti-parallel direction. The reduced coefficient of friction is largely influenced by the carbon fiber reinforcement due to the auto-protecting film formed as a paste in the contact area and along the wear track edges. The relationship between friction and degradation of the composite material including surface wear and debris formation are discussed based on an in-depth analysis of the worn surfaces by optical and scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and white light interferometry.     

纳米坡缕石润滑油添加剂对灰铸铁HT200摩擦磨损性能的影响

制备坡缕石纳米粒子添加到150N基础油的润滑油体系,在MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机上分别对该纳米粒子润滑油体系和纯150N基础油,在混合润滑条件下的铸铁HT200试样对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并用SEM和金相显微镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析,借助EDX测定试样表面成分的变化,探讨摩擦磨损性能变化的机理。结果表明:自制备的用KH550硅烷偶联剂球磨修饰的坡缕石纳米粒子在基础油中分散性良好,在该润滑剂润滑条件下对摩的试样表面生成了自修复膜层,其磨损量明显减小,失重量下降约25.2%,平均摩擦系数下降约32.3%。     

Tribological properties of single-walled carbon nanotube solids

Binder-free single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solids were evaluated for solid lubrication applications. The steady-state friction coefficients (mu) for the SWCNT solids were found to reach values as low as 0.22-0.24, according to unidirectional sliding friction tests using Si3N4 counterparts in air. The values were slightly higher than that of bulk graphite material (mu = 0.20). SEM and Raman analyses showed that most SWCNTs that existed in the friction surface transformed into SWCNT-derived transferred film made up of amorphous carbon during sliding. The resultant friction behavior may be related to the smearing of transferred film over the contact area, which was expected to permit easy shear and then help to achieve a lubricating effect during sliding.     

Zeiteffiziente Methodik zur Ermittlung des Reibungsverhaltens nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen mit Carbon-Reibbelag

The tribological system friction lining, lubricant and load conditions determines the friction behaviour of wet multiple disk clutches. Due to numerous influencing parameters and their interactions, the friction behaviour cannot be predicted theoretically. Matching friction lining and lubricant requires experiments. In a research project of Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.?V. (FVA) a two stage screening test was developed to determine the friction behaviour of carbon type friction linings reproducibly. After running-in, different load stages with different surface pressures and sliding velocities are performed. The conditioning behaviour of the tribological system is evaluated by endurance tests and further variations of surface pressure and sliding velocity. This test procedure is well suited to analyse the influence of lubricant on friction behaviour.     

Effect of Nano Hexagonal Boron Nitride Lubricant Additives on the Friction and Wear Properties of AISI 4140 Steel

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) particles on the friction and wear properties of AISI 4140 steel material when the hBN particles are used as an oil additive. Nano hexagonal boron nitride powders, which were produced using a special process, were dispersed in engine oil (SAE10 W) to enhance lubrication. The amount of nano hexagonal boron nitride in the engine oil was varied from 0 to 10% by volume, and four different lubricant samples were prepared. Wear tests were conducted using ball-on-disc geometry. The worn surfaces of substrates were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The experiments showed that the nano hexagonal boron nitride particles that were used as an oil additive affected the friction and wear behavior. A 14.4% improvement in the friction coefficient and a 65% decrease in the wear rate were achieved through the use of the nano hBN as an oil additive.     

Formation mechanisms of zinc,molybdenum, sulfur and phosphorus containing reaction layers on a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are nowadays successfully applied on industrial components like pistons, piston rings and bearings in lubricated tribological contacts due to friction and wear reducing effects. In contradiction thereto, todays lubricants and additives are designed for tribological steel/steel contacts, whereby the knowledge on tribochemical layer formation on steel surfaces is comprehensive in contrast to the physical-chemical interactions between diamond-like carbon coatings, lubricants and additives. Therefore the formation mechanisms of zinc, molybdenum, sulfur and phosphorus containing reaction layers on a zirconium modified diamond-like carbon coating a-C : H : Zr (ZrC_g) in lubricated tribological contacts were analyzed by means of pin-on-disc (PoD) tribometer by varying the distances from s = 200 m–3,000 m under boundary and mixed friction conditions at T = 90 °C and a contact pressure p = 1,300 MPa regarding the application of diamond-like carbon coatings on gears. The base lubricant poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) was formulated using the anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP) and the friction modifier (FM) additive molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDTP). The chemical composition of the tribochemical reaction layers by means of and Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as for the thickness differ significantly by varying the additivation.     

Sliding wear performance of polyamide 6–clay nanocomposites in water

Polyamide 6 (PA6) clay nanocomposites, a new class of specialty polymer, shows improved tribological properties under dry sliding conditions. In food and chemical industry, the polymeric materials are widely used in the machine elements due its excellent chemical inertness. Water, being a widely used solvent, tends to have contact with the machine elements and can either act as a lubricant or as a contaminant. Many factors such as the interaction of polymer with water, surface wettability, etc., play a major role on the friction and wear of polymers in aqueous conditions. This work reports the sliding wear performance of PA6 clay nanocomposites in water. Addition of clay affects the crystallinity of the nanocomposites, which in turn affects the plasticization. Plasticization of the surface by water causes increase in wear and decreases the coefficient of friction.     

二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锑的抗磨机理

为了进一步弄清润滑油添加剂二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锑(SbDTC)在金属表面的摩擦化学行为,在实验室合成了SbDTC,利用四球试验机研究了其极压和抗磨性能,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)对边界润滑状态下形成的磨斑及磨斑表面典型元素的组成、化学状态和含量进行了分析.结果表明,SbDTC具有较好的抗磨性能和承载能力,其主要原因可能是其在摩擦过程中与金属表面作用,生成了由Sb_2O_3,FeS,Fe_2O_3和含氮有机物组成的边界润滑膜,起到了缓冲载荷和抑制磨损的作用.