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刘奇 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2014,(8):227
油气田井下作业是油气勘探开采工作的重要组成部分,井下作业施工是保证油气井正常运转的关键环节,在施工作业时,会产生不同程度的污染,油气田井周边的生态环境会产生极其严重的影响。为了避免油气田井下作业对环境造成的污染,很多油田都开始创新和探索井下作业工艺、技术以及管理模式,从根本上减少油气田井下作业对生态环境的污染。本文就油气田井下作业过程中的环境污染展开讨论,了解油气田井下作业过程中造成环境污染的主要因素,并结合实际情况,提出有针对性的防治措施和对策。 相似文献
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《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2014,(3)
井下修井作业是油气田开采过程中非常重要的环节,本文针对这个问题深入地分析了井下修井作业的基本概况,并且着重探讨了提高井下修井作业施工质量的策略,旨在为井下修井作业提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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在井下作业施工过程中,采取QHSE管理模式,提高井下作业施工的安全环保特性,保证达到健康、安全和环保的标准。对于井下的固井施工、压裂作业、试油气作业、油气井的大修作业以及各种特殊的作业施工等,均采用QHSE管理模式,降低井下作业施工过程中事故的发生率,不断提高井下作业施工的效率,满足油气田勘探开发的技术要求。 相似文献
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在井下作业过程中,实现修井作业及试油作业,选择最佳的装备及井下的管、杆、工具等,提高生产设备的自动化和智能化程度,满足现代化油田作业技术要求。不断研究新工艺、新设备,促进井下作业施工的健康发展,满足油气田生产的需要。 相似文献
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张春强 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2014,(1):228
我国经济的快速发展,推动了井下小修作业质量的提高。但是当前我国部分井下作业难以适应社会发展的潮流,井下小修的作业质量与施工技术对水井、油井的正常工作起着直接的影响,因此对施工技术与作业质量的强化是非常有必要的。本文首先简要分析了井下小修作业的主要特点,阐述了井下小修作业的施工质量问题,最后探讨了强化井下小修作业质量的措施,以期为井下小修作业人员提供一些有价值的借鉴与参考,提高井下小修作业质量,保证水井、油井的正常工作。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献