Q油田缝网压裂选层标准研究

直井缝网压裂技术已经成为大庆长垣外围难采出量有效动用的关键技术。缝网压裂改造对象主要为扶杨油层的Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层,集中压裂改造的储层物性参数为5-10mD,孔隙度为10%-12%之间,在低孔特低渗透储层施工井数较少,Q油田储层物性条件为:渗透率1.11mD～3.26mD,孔隙度9.29%～13.56%,属于低孔特低渗透储层,本文对在Q油田施工的缝网压裂试验井,通过产液剖面测试数据进行分析,评价各类型压后产液情况,最终确定低孔特低渗透储层缝网压裂选层标准,指导大庆外围油田低孔特低渗透储层缝网压裂选层,有效指导该类储层的缝网压裂改造。     

低渗透油田扶余油层直井缝网压裂增产试验

我厂已动用三类低效区块比例高,地质储量大,目前单井产量较低,常规措施增产效果差,储层未实现有效动用,为提高低效区块开采效果,借鉴国外页岩气成功开发理念,开展了直井缝网压裂增产试验,本文阐述了直井缝网压裂增产机理、缝网形成条件及施工工艺控制方法,通过方案优化,现场共应用22口井,缝网压裂后初期单井日增油是常规重复压裂的2.7倍,相同生产时间内单井产油量高于压裂投产。试验结果表明,该技术有望成为低效区块措施井有效挖潜的主打技术,为今后未动用致密储层有效开发提高技术借鉴。     

浅谈Y油田某区块缝网压裂整体改造思路

缝网压裂技术已成为低渗特低渗透储层改造的主力技术,缝网压裂技术试验不是仅仅以提高单井产量为目的,而是以大幅度提高特低渗储层整体有效动用为目标,Y油田在某区块开展了整体缝网压裂改造,充分结合储层发育、开发动态等地质条件,通过区块压裂井层的整体优化、单井规模的个性设计,在储层大幅改造增产的同时,调整平面及层间矛盾,实现区块整体开发水平的提高。     

致密油区块整体缝网压裂改造工艺试验

为实现致密油区块有效动用,提高区块整体开发效果,在致密油A试验区试验应用了整体缝网压裂改造技术,探索致密储层有效改造手段。针对致密油区块F及Y两套层系具有储层致密、层间跨距较大的问题,通过缝网与井网的优化设计、缝网压裂工艺优选以及配套工艺优化,配合工厂化压裂作业施工,满足了试验区致密油储层低伤害、纵向精细化分段改造的要求,确保了储层整体改造效果。     

扶余油层有效动用技术对策

针对扶余油层储量丰度低、渗透率低、储层致密,油井常规压裂改造效果不理想,文中提出在扶余油层老井开展多层段大规模缝网压裂、新区开展直井大规模缝网压裂后弹性开采及水平井缝网-体积压裂思路,同时,提出了采用直井五点法矩形井网代替水平井开发的技术思路,对扶余油层的经济有效动用具有重要知道意义。     

低渗透油田小缝网压裂先导性试验及认识

理论研究和现场实践都表明缝网压裂工艺能够实现致密储层的体积改造,有效改善致密储层的渗流能力及动用状况,大幅度提高了采油井措施增产效果,对低渗透致密储层有效动用具有重要意义。为此,开展小规模缝网压裂试验,从井层优选、方案优化设计及效果评价等方面,探索缝网压裂针对低渗透油层的适应性。     

缝网压裂工艺技术在杏北扶余油井的应用

某开发区扶余油层属于低孔特低渗透储层,由于储层发育差,常规压裂和注水开发难以建立有效驱替,压裂后措施效果差,为此开展了缝网压裂增产试验。通过对扶余油层储层特点、地应力等分析,确定可采用缝网压裂增产技术,通过优选压裂液组合,优化施工参数等方式,提高施工净压力,增加裂缝复杂程度。现场试验2口井,压裂后产液效果比较明显,平均单井初期日产液量15t,为同区块日产液量的2倍,缝网压裂技术为扶余油层产量动用探索了一条新途径。     

东16区块缝网压裂整体改造现场试验

东16区块位于榆树林东部斜坡,区块主要开发扶杨油层,1993年300×300m反九点井网投产,2010年进行加密调整,共开发油水井120口。区块开发过程中存在两个问题,一是平面矛盾突出,主要表现为水井排油井含水上升快,油井排注水收效不明显;二是油井常规压裂措施效果逐年变差,控制产油量递减难度加大。2014年在该区块试验缝网压裂工艺,措施4口井,平均单井阶段增油量4747t,效果显著。2018年区块油井排油井整体进行缝网压裂,选井选层方面,基础井网设计邻井错层压裂,加密井网设计隔井压裂;规模优化方面,应用前期井下微地震监测结果建立的施工规模优化图版,优化单层施工规模;入地液方面,为降低储层伤害,试验了A型缔合压裂液。缝网压裂施工后,单井增油效果显著,缝网压裂工艺实现了该区块的整体有效动用。     

低渗透油田小缝网压裂先导性试验

采油井的油气开采过程中,如果有办法大幅度改善致密储层自身的渗流能力与动用状况,那么采油井的开采效率将会大幅度提升。在实际生产开采过程中,缝网压裂工艺对于致密储层的体积改造作用已经得到了实践的证明,尤其是在低渗透致密储层结构中,其可以有效提升其动用状况,具有极为明显的实际意义。在本文中,将会对缝网压裂工艺进行小规模试验,选取符合试验条件的井层,对整个试验的方案进行合理的优化,最终评定缝网压裂工艺在低渗透油层的效能。     

压裂过程中能否形成剪切裂缝探讨

正体积压裂技术在压裂施工过程中的应用,有效的降低了致密油、气储层动用下限及有效动用,地层因为具有储层脆性的特点,打碎后形成缝网系统,与裂缝型储层相似。有的理论认为:压裂裂缝在扩展的过程中因为裂缝尖端应力集中,形成塑性区,塑性区内地层剪切强度小于剪应力时,就会形成端部诱导裂缝,裂缝主要出现在尖端,所以应     

Block copolymers

Summary The preparation of acid chloride of poly(propylene oxide), PPO, the synthesis of prepolymer poly(p-benzamide), and of block copolymers of poly(p-benzamide)-b-poly(propylene oxide) are reported. The preparation of prepolymer poly(p-benzamide), PBA, and activated PPO, as well as PBA-PPO block copolymer are discussed according to their FTIR spectra.Presented in part at Segundo Simposio Chileno de Química y Físico-Química de Polímeros, CHIPOL II. Quilpué, Chile. November 30–December 2, 1994     

Block copolyetheresters

Summary Block copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly (pentamethylene p,p'-bibenzoate) and soft segments of poly (tetramethylene ether) have been prepared by melt polycondensation of dimethyl p,p'-bibenzoate, 1,5-pentanediol and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG) with molecular weights of 650, 1000 and 2000. The polymer composition is governed by the charge molar ratio (x) of PTMEG to dimethyl p,p'-bibenzoate. The block copolyetheresters with x=0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 display a monotropic smectic phase due to the poly (pentamethylene p,p'-bibenzoate) segments. But the block copolyetheresters with x=0.3 exhibit no liquid crystalline behavior. The molecular weight of the PTMEG used has significant effect on the glass transition temperature and crystallizability of the polyether segments. It can be seen from the glass transition temperature results that the miscibility between amorphous parts of the polyether segments and those of the polyester segments is also dependent on the molecular weight of the PTMEG used.     

硅线石流槽砖成功替换电熔刚玉砖

我厂是日出料量180 t的浮法线,以往在生产中曾使用过硅线石流槽砖,但都不理想,热运行时间仅3个月侵蚀严重.这次是在刚玉砖使用2年后,考虑剩余窑龄不长的情况下决定采用硅线石流槽砖临时代用的.     

再生混凝土砌块及其在墙体中的应用研究进展

通过对废弃混凝土、废弃砖等建筑垃圾进行破碎、筛分等处理,可制备再生混凝土空心砌块,这种废弃物综合利用具有显著的环境和经济效益,日益受到人们的关注.本文简要阐述了建筑垃圾再生利用的重要意义,详细介绍了利用废弃混凝土、废弃砖等建筑垃圾制备再生混凝土砌块及其在墙体应用等方面的研究进展,期望为科学开发与综合利用建筑垃圾提供参考.     

Block copolymerization of formaldehyde

Solubility and spectroscopic evidence are presented to support the formation of A-B block copolymers between monomers undergoing anionic polymerization (A units) and monomeric formaldehyde (B units). Comonomers included in the study were styrene, methyl and n-butyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, isoprene, and N, N-di-n-butylacrylamide. Similar evidence is presented on the formation of B-A-B copolymers between styrene and α-methylstyrene and formaldehyde; an A-(B-C) random copolymer of styrene, formaldehyde, and phenyl isocyanate (C) was also prepared. Experimental details for the preparation of high-purity, monomeric formaldehyde suitable for such work is described in some detail. It should be emphasized that this study was directed primarily toward showing the feasibility of preparing formaldehyde block copolymers; therefore, further work is needed to establish the quantitative nature of these reactions.     

Block copolymer nanoshells

With the help of cell dynamics simulation we investigate morphology of thin block copolymer film around a nanoparticle. The obtained structures include: parallel, perpendicular, mixed and perforated lamellae, parallel and perpendicular cylinders and spheres. Analogy and difference with planar films are discussed. Our simulation suggests that novel porous nanocontainers can be formed by the coating of a sacrificial nano-bead by a block copolymer layer with a well controlled nanostructure.     

Block copolymer deformation

The deformation behavior of block copolymers is examined. Interdomain bridges, loops, cilia and floating chains in spherical, cylindrical and lamellar domain morphologies are considered. In the theoretical model, which is analogous to the “three-chain” model in classical rubber elasticity theory, interdomain chains are confined between pairs of infinite, parallel impenetrable walls constructed at the surfaces of nearest neighbor domains. The domains are taken as undeformable. The quantities which are calculated are: the Young's modulus; the partial molar elastic free energy of swelling; and the stress-strain relation for simple extension.     

Effects of Polystyrene Block Content on Morphology and Adhesion Property of Polystyrene Block Copolymer

Effects of polystyrene block content on adhesion property and phase structure of polystyrene block copolymers were investigated. Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene triblock and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymers with different polystyrene block contents in the range from 13 to 35 wt% were used. In the case of the low polystyrene block content (below 16 wt%), a sea-island structure was observed: near-spherical polystyrene domains having a mean diameter of about 20 nm were dispersed in polyisoprene matrix. The phase structure changed from a sea-island structure to a cylindrical structure with an increase of polystyrene block content (over 18 wt%). Peel strength decreased with an increase of polystyrene block content and the pure triblock copolymers had lower peel strength than their blends with the diblock copolymers. Pulse nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that molecular mobility of polyisoprene phase decreased with an increase of polystyrene block content, and the molecular mobility was lower in the pure triblock than in the blend. Thus, the peel strength was found to be related to molecular mobility. The adhesion strength of the block copolymer depended on the molecular mobility: high molecular mobility can promote interfacial adhesion.