提高油田注水井洗井有效率的途径

在油田开采业发展极为迅速的当前背景下,重视油田注水井的洗井对于油田开采的效率和稳定性都有极大的保障,重视注水井的洗井能够大大降低注水井出现异常的概率,并且有效的洗井能够保证注水井的吸水能力。而现阶段油田注水洗井的有效率并不高,注水井的使用受到了严重的影响。本文主要对油田注水井洗井当中存在的问题和提高注水井洗井有效率的途径进行了分析。     

多氢酸解堵技术研究与实验

兴隆台采油厂欧利坨、荣兴屯、大洼等油田由于储层低渗、储层堵塞等原因,部分注水井存在注水压力高、欠注、注不进等问题,影响了油田注水开发效果,制约了油田采收率的提高。针对这一问题,近年来我们积极开展水井增注工作,探索适应我厂水井增注的新工艺新技术,对多氢酸解堵技术开展研究实验,拟解决我厂砂岩油藏水井堵塞的问题,该技术有望解决我厂水井注不进或欠注问题,为实现注上水、注够水、注好水的目标提供有力技术支持。     

油田注水井堵塞原因分析及解堵增注措施研究

针对传统的解堵增注措施进行解堵增注后,注水井注入压力无明显减少、解堵效果差的问题,以油田注水井为研究对象,分析油田注水井堵塞原因并研究解堵增注措施.取油田注水井的堵塞物,分析堵塞物组成成分和形成机理,确定油田注水井堵塞物的形成原因.根据分析的注水井堵塞物成分,配置解堵试剂并优化试剂配方.设计解堵增注施工工艺参数和施工流...     

浅谈注水井酸化过程中的油层保护

注水井酸化过程中的油层保护是油田开发过程中一个重要环节。本文主要探讨以下问题:注水井酸化的简单过程以及何为油层保护、注水井酸化过程中油层采取何种保护的方法和注水井酸化过程中,油层保护的意义和作用。     

连续油管除垢技术在处理测试问题井中的研究与应用

通过对比国内外除垢技术,实施连续油管高压射流除垢技术研究,优选射流喷头,优化施工参数,可以解决因结垢造成无法正常测试注水井问题。但部分注水井结垢严重,造成施工压力高,喷头使用寿命短,进行了连续油管酸洗除垢技术研究,利用连续油管旋流喷头和酸液配合使用,有效的解决了结垢严重注水井测试遇阻问题,避免了注水井检管,延长了注水井的检管周期。     

注水井降压增注工艺的研究与应用

针对濮城油田低渗油藏注水井实际问题：长期注水开发的注水井注水层受到垢物的堵塞,严重伤害注水层,造成注水量下降或注水压力上升。在室内研究基础上,实施了低渗透油藏注水井降压增注工艺。通过现场11口井的实施应用,达到了注水井降压、增注目的,较好的解决了低渗透油藏不易注水的问题,具有较好的推广和应用前景。     

海上油田注水能力提升研究

针对当前海上某油田注水井存在不同程度的注水能力不足问题。通过计算注水井管柱沿程摩阻和水嘴嘴损压力,分析沿程摩阻和嘴损对平台注水能力的影响,为井口注入压力提升提供定量参考,同时对该油田注水井注水压力与流量关系进行分析,评估注水井可提升注水量并按照可提升注水量对注水井进行吸水等级划分,针对各等级注水井提供相应建议措施,为平台后续注水井管理提供理论参考和技术支持。     

多脉冲压裂综合解堵技术在海外河油田的应用

海外河油田属注水开发的稠油油田,共有注水井119口,随着开发的不断深入,部分注水井因注水井段污染严重或储层物性差、胶结致密等原因存在着注不进或无法达到配注要求的问题,针对以上原因实施了多脉冲压裂综合解堵技术,通过实施有效解决了近井地带污染及堵塞,达到了注水井解堵增注的目的。     

注水井洗井不通问题及治理对策

在油田开发的过程中,注水井注水质量的高低尤为重要,而注水井洗井是维护注水井的一项重要措施。但是在注水井洗井过程中会由于注水井出砂而出现一种"洗井不通"的问题,直接影响了油田后期的开发。对此,研究注水井出现不通问题的原因,并提出相关的治理对策是我们探讨的主要问题。     

注水井工况评价图版制作与工况评价方法研究

注水井完成配注量情况是注水井工况评价的主要考核参数.建立了注水井工况评价图版,图版以注入层的实际注水量与配注水量的比值为横坐标,井口的注入压力为纵坐标,将图版分为工况合格区、余压欠注区、攻欠增注区和超注区四个区域.由注水井的实际注水量与配注水量的比值和注水压力确定在图版中标注位置,根据其在图版中的区域位置,评价注水井工况,以各区域注水井的数量评价一个单位注水井管理水平.采用注水井工况评价图版评价注水井工况,简单明了,便于应用,是管理注水井工况的有效方法.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.