稳定同位素标记的Y101及其代谢产物的合成

以氘代甲苯为原料,经高锰酸钾氧化反应生成氘代苯甲酸,再经缩合、烷基化、水解等反应,合成了N-(N-苯甲酰基-O-二甲氨基乙基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇及其代谢产物M-8、M-9的稳定同位素标记化合物。所得化合物均经核磁(NMR)、质谱(ESI-MS)进行结构确证。样品可作为生物内标,用于高效液相色谱/质谱联用法对目标化合物及其代谢产物在体内的定量分析,同时开展了该化合物的体内代谢研究。     

HPLC测定N-(N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇及其三种杂质

建立了Y101中间体N-(N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基)-L-苯丙氨醇(M057)及其已知杂质的含量测定方法。采用液相色谱质谱联用技术(HPLC/MS),正离子扫描模式指认杂质峰;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)外标法,以甲醇-水(v∶v=75∶25)洗脱,测定M057含量,以甲醇-0.01%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,测定3个已知杂质含量。测定结果:M057含量不低于77%,已知杂质总量未超过4.5%。本法已作为该中间体质量内控方法。     

水溶性紫杉醇衍生物的合成

以巴卡亭Ⅲ(Ⅰ)为原料,经酯化、缩合、选择性脱保护等反应得到2'-O-[4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酰基]-紫杉醇盐酸盐(Ⅵ)。中间体7-O-苄氧甲酰基-紫杉醇(Ⅳ)与(R)-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐(Ⅶ)酯化得到2'-O-[4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酰基]-7-O-苄氧甲酰基-紫杉醇盐酸盐(Ⅴ),Ⅴ经氢解脱保护得到Ⅵ。探讨了三氟乙酸和乙酸体积比对合成化合物Ⅳ反应时间的影响;考察了在制备化合物Ⅴ时,(R)-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2-氟代丁酸盐酸盐(Ⅷ)和催化剂4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-DMAP)的用量对Ⅳ转化率的影响。得到优化的实验条件为:V(三氟乙酸)∶V(乙酸)=1∶8;n(Ⅳ)∶n(4-DMAP)∶n(Ⅷ)=1∶3∶3。得到的产物Ⅵ采用核磁、质谱和碳谱进行了表征。该合成工艺操作简易,总收率大于60%,并且目标产物Ⅵ的HPLC纯度可达99%。     

法莫替丁合成工艺的改进

采用2-二氨基亚甲氨基-4脒基硫代甲基噻唑二盐酸盐直接与N-氨磺酰基-β氯丙脒缩合得法莫替丁,减少了合成步骤,总收率提高到40%。     

水溶性紫杉醇衍生物的合成工艺

以巴卡亭Ⅲ（Ⅰ）为原料,经酯化、缩合、选择性脱保护等得到2''-O-[4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酰基]-紫杉醇盐酸盐（Ⅵ）。中间体7-O-苄氧甲酰基-紫杉醇（Ⅳ）与(R)-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐（Ⅶ）酯化得到2''-O-[4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酰基]-7-O-苄氧甲酰基-紫杉醇盐酸盐（Ⅴ）,Ⅴ经氢解脱保护得到Ⅵ。探讨了三氟乙酸和乙酸体积比对合成化合物Ⅳ反应时间的影响;考察了在制备化合物Ⅴ时,(R)-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-2-氟代丁酸盐酸盐（Ⅷ）和催化剂（4-DMAP）的用量对Ⅳ转化率的影响。得到优化的实验条件为：V（三氟乙酸）∶V（乙酸）=1∶8;n（Ⅳ）∶n（4-DMAP）∶n（Ⅷ）=1∶3∶3。得到的产物Ⅵ采用核磁、质谱和碳谱进行了表征。此合成工艺操作简易,总收率大于60％,并且目标产物Ⅵ的HPLC纯度可达99%。     

11βHSD1抑制剂1-(4-三氟甲氧基苯甲酰基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)哌啶的合成研究

以4-甲氧羰基哌啶盐酸盐(1)和对三氟甲氧基苯甲酰氯(2)为起始原料,在三乙胺的作用下以92.7%的收率制得1-(4-三氟甲基苯甲酰基)-4-甲氧羰基哌啶(3);化合物(3)在羰基二咪唑与N,O-二甲基羟胺盐酸盐(4)作用下,以89.9%的收率制得1-(4-三氟甲氧基苯甲酰基)-4-(N-甲基-N-甲氧基羰基)哌啶(5);化合物(5)和4-甲氧基苯基溴化镁(6)偶联,以60.1%的收率制得化合物1-(4-三氟甲氧基苯甲酰基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)哌啶(7)。三步反应总收率50.0%。     

N-（N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基）-L-苯丙氨醇及其异构体的手性高效液相色谱分析

建立了正相高效液相色谱法（NP-HPLC）测定中间体N-（N-苯甲酰基-O-苯甲酰基-L-酪氨酰基）-L-苯丙氨醇（M057）及其三个异构体M1、M2、M3含量的方法.采用CHIRALPAK（R）IA手性柱,正己烷-异丙醇（75∶25）为流动相,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长231 nm.M057在浓度0.106～1.063 μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）,平均回收率100.31％,RSD为1.66％;检出限5.67 ng/mL.异构体M1、M2、M3检出限分别为10.00、9.67、10.00 ng/mL.本法准确、简便、重现性好,适用于该中间体光学纯度的检测.     

N-((S)-1-乙氧羰基-3-苯丙基)-L-丙氨酸的合成

以L-丙氨酸、3-苯甲酰基丙烯酸乙酯等为原料,通过Michael加成反应,制得中间体N-((S)-1-乙氧羰基-3-氧代-3-苯丙基)-L-丙氨酸,进而在钯-碳催化下进行氢化反应,得到目标产物N-((S)-1-乙氧羰基-3-苯丙基)-L-丙氨酸(ECPPA),收率90%;用红外、核磁共振、元素分析等方法对其结构进行表征...     

N-半胱氨酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡萄糖的合成研究

以2-氨基-β-D-葡萄糖盐酸盐为起始原料,与苯甲醛反应得到氨基保护的中间体苯甲醛缩-β-D-氨基葡萄糖(1),1以乙酸酐-吡啶乙酰化、盐酸-乙酸乙酯溶液脱去氨基保护基合成重要中间体2-氨基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖盐酸盐(2)。2与保护氨基酸Boc-Cys(CH2-U)-OH在缩合剂DIC/HOBt/DIEA的作用下偶联,合成目标产物N-(N-叔丁氧羰基-S-5'-尿嘧啶甲基半胱氨酰基)-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡萄糖(3)的合成3,总收率为40.0%。产物结构经1HNMR、MS、IR得以确证。     

3-(N,N-二甲氨基)甲酰氧基-4-苯基-5-苯甲酰基-N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮的制备及生物活性初步评价

以3-羟基-4-苯基-5-苯甲酰基-N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(1)为原料,用N,N-二甲氨基甲酰氯将其3位羟基酯化,得3-(N,N-二甲氨基)甲酰氧基-4-苯基-5-苯甲酰基-N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(2),反应总收率为4.6%。以抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶作为生物活性评价指标,实验结果显示,其对乙酰胆碱酯酶无抑制作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。