Al3Ti金属间化合物的研究进展

综述了Al3Ti金属间化合物的研究进展,介绍了其室温脆性改善的方法,分析了合金化结构变异和复相强化对于材料塑性、韧性提高的机理,并对Al3Ti金属间化合物的制备方法和主要应用进行了分类评述,并指出了今后的研究和发展方向.     

Ti-6Al-4V铸造合金在氢处理过程中Ti3Al相的析出

本文利用透射电镜研究发现Ti-6Al-4V铸造合金在氢处理过程中可析出Ti 3Al相。作者认为Ti 3Al相析出的原因是氢处理过程中各合金元素在各相中进行再分配使得α相中铝含量升高造成的。     

热处理条件下激光原位合成高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层的微结构特征

为了提高钛合金的高温抗氧化性能,推动钛合金在高温和复杂工况环境下的进一步工程应用,利用高能激光束作用下Ti、Al、Nb三种元素混合粉末之间的原位反应在BT3-1钛合金表面制备了高温抗氧化的高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层。针对原位反应所制备涂层存在的缺陷,通过自行设计的热处理工艺优化了涂层和界面微观组织。借助光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了热处理前后复合涂层的物相结构及显微形貌。结果表明:热处理前的涂层主要由单质Nb、金属间化合物γ-TiAl、α_2-Ti_3Al、Ti_3Al_2等物相组成;热处理后的复合涂层,单质Nb固溶到γ-TiAl和α_2-Ti_3Al中,同时形成了新相Ti_3AlNb_(0.3),涂层近似为γ-TiAl+α_2-Ti_3Al双相层片状等轴晶组织。此外,涂层中并未观察到减弱抗氧化性的单质Nb颗粒和Ti_3Al_2相,Ti、Al、Nb的宏观偏析得以消除,涂层与基材界面位置的气孔和裂纹均以消失,出现了明显的白亮带冶金结合过渡层,涂层组织也更加均匀致密。热处理对提高钛合金表面Nb的合金化程度和改善Ti-Al金属间化合物的高温抗氧化性能起到了显著的促进作用。     

Ti2AlNb基合金等离子表面渗铬层组织结构对耐磨性能的影响

低硬度和较差的耐磨性制约了钛铝基合金在航空领域的应用。为了提高Ti2AlNb合金的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术对Ti2AlNb合金表面进行渗Cr处理,并对其微观组织、扩散特性及显微硬度和耐磨性进行了分析测试。结果表明：经等离子渗铬处理后,可获得约25μm的合金层;渗层中Cr含量随渗层深度有显著变化且在高温条件下因各原子扩散能力的差异,以基体中Al和Nb量的变化为主,在渗层的不同区域形成不同的相,表层以含Cr2Nb的Laves相和Al8Cr5相为主,而在渗层和基体的交界处形成新的无序O相（Ti25.36Al18.44Nb）;渗层硬度值由外层的HV1125逐渐过渡到基体的HV432,渗层与基体的界面处由于无序O相的析出而硬度最低。渗Cr处理将合金的摩擦因数由原来的0.24降低到0.15,磨损率降低了60%以上。     

Al2 O3/Cr3C2/(W,Ti)C陶瓷抗弯强度的研究

热压烧结制备了Al2O3／Cr3C2／（W,Ti）C复合陶瓷材料,对其抗弯强度及组织形貌进行了研究,分析了Cr3C2与（W,Ti）C对抗弯强度的影响。结果表明：添加（W,Ti）C与Cr3C2有利于阻止晶界迁移,延缓晶粒长大,提高材料强度,但每一相的添加量以10％内为宜,两者添加总量在20％左右时Al2O3／Cr3C2／（W,Ti）C复合材料抗弯强度较佳。铬、钨、钛离子在Al2O3基体晶粒中的固溶起强化作用,网状结构是降低材料抗弯强度的重要原因。     

Ti3Al基合金钎焊技术的研究

叙述了Ti3Al基合金的特点和影响其焊接的因素，概括了Ti3Al基合金钎焊技术的研究现状，比如较低的焊接温度、一次可钎焊多个接头、利于异种材料的焊接、可钎焊复杂的接头结构、高精确度以及良好的接头性能等。并对进一步开展Ti3Al基合金钎焊技术研究做了展望。     

Ti3Al金属间化合物在熔融LiCl-Li2O中的热腐蚀行为

采用浸没法研究了Ti3Al金属间化合物在750℃熔融LiCl-3％Li2O中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：Ti3Al的耐腐蚀性能优于SS310不镑钢。Ti3Al在腐蚀初期出现了较快的腐蚀,而后腐蚀速率减慢并趋于平缓。Ti3Al经腐蚀后,形成了双层结构的腐蚀膜,外层较厚,由铝的氧化物（LiAlO2,Al2O3）构成;内层较薄,由钛的氧化物（Li2TiQ,TiO2）构成。铝的选择氧化导致了Ti3Al腐蚀初期快速腐蚀,而腐蚀后期腐蚀速率较慢是由于钛的氧化物构成的内层具有较好的保护性。     

低弹性模量Ti-Nb-Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能

为了降低医用植入物材料的弹性模量,通过选取不同含量的铌和锆,采用真空非自耗电弧炉熔炼了四种成分的Ti-Nb-Zr合金:Ti30Nb7Zr(T1)、Ti30Nb13Zr(T2)、Ti40Nb7Zr(T3)和Ti40Nb13Zr(T4);对四种合金进行了锻造处理,然后在β相区进行固溶,对其固溶后的力学性能、显微组织进行了研究.结果表明:T1和T2合金是β相+α',相的两相组织,随着锆含量不同,α'相形貌及数量也各不相同;T3和T4合金是单-β相组织;四种合金的弹性模量均低于80 GPa,其中T2合金的弹性模量为58 GPa,与人体骨骼的弹性模量最为接近.     

Ti_2AlNb粉末与Ti/Al纳米叠层箔带混合烧结高温微叠层材料的微观结构

为了探索研制一种工作温度700~750℃,而且室温塑性较好的钛基高温合金,使用Ti/Al纳米叠层箔带和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末作为原料,在1 473 K,30 MPa,1.5 h的热压条件下直接混合烧结,制备出新型钛铝系金属间化合物高温微叠层材料(TiAl+Ti_2AlNb)样品,其中,Ti/Al纳米叠层箔带在热压烧结过程中的放热反应促进了样品烧结致密化。采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和能谱仪(Energy dispersive spectroscopy,EDS)研究烧结产物相组成及显微结构的影响,并测试微区的显微硬度。结果表明,不同混合方式配比热压烧结体的相组成结构比较相似,烧结体内部主要形成了组织渐变的Ti_2AlNb/Ti_2Al(Nb)/TiAl显微结构,并且通过XRD也检测到了Ti_3Al相。破碎的Ti/Al纳米叠层材料和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末在热压烧结后,以扩散反应形成的Ti∶Al∶Nb大约为1∶1∶1的TiAl(Nb)相,其硬度最高(605.85 HV),由Ti/Al纳米叠层箔带生成并保留下来的TiAl相,其硬度最低(251.11 HV)。     

加入微量V,Ti,Nb的08Al冷轧退火薄板钢的深冲性能

测量了不同V、Ti、Nb含量的08Al钢深冲冷轧退火薄板的常规力学性能及深冲成形参数n值和r值,对测量结果进行了逐步回归分析。进行了抗时效及抗冷脆性试验。分析了添加稀土在钢中存在的形式。     

反应熔渗法制备Ti3SiC2材料载流摩擦磨损性能研究

采用反应熔渗法制备Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料;利用HST-100销盘式高速载流摩擦试验机,在法向载荷为20 N,滑动速度为5～25 m/s,电流为15-35 A的条件下,研究高纯致密Ti3SiC2材料的载流摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:采用反应熔渗法能够制备出高纯致密的Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料;Ti3SiC2材料表现出良好的载流摩擦磨损特性;通过SEM和EDS观察分析表明,载流条件下Ti3SiC2材料的摩擦磨损主要由机械摩擦和电弧烧蚀的交互作用.     

Investigation of the site occupation of atoms in pure and doped TiAl/Ti3Al intermetallic

Dual-phase TiAl/Ti3Al-alloys consisting of a lamellar structure, comprising gamma-phase plus a small amount of alpha2-phase, with addition of 1, 5 and 10at% Nb were prepared. The samples were investigated by means of field ion microscopy (FIM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The influence of doping elements on the variation of field evaporation and microstructural parameters in the gamma-phase as studied by FIM and APT will be reported in this contribution. The intermetallic gamma-Phase of TiAl exhibits a L1(0)-structure, which has alternating Ti- and Al-planes in the [001]-superstructure direction. Because of the significant difference in the evaporation field strengths of Ti and Al, it is usually not possible to directly distinguish Ti- and Al-planes in this direction in the APT data. Therefore, it is not possible to assign Nb to any plane, as well. To solve this problem an algorithm, using statistical methods, was developed, which allows to inherently distinguish the planes. A comparison of the results for [100]- and [001]-directions shows that Nb prefers Ti-sites. The sequence of field evaporation field strengths, which follows the trend E(Nb) > E(Al) > E(Ti), could also be deduced.     

Al_2O_3Cu-Ti-Zr/Nb钎焊研究

使用Cu Ti Zr钎料对Al2 O3 Nb进行了钎焊试验。通过扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射分析了界面形貌、元素分布 ,并对反应相进行了判定。Cu70 Ti2 5 Zr5 钎料在 12 93K、10min条件下界面产生了 3种新相 :Cu2 Ti4O、Ti固溶体、CuTi,界面结构为Al2 O3 Cu2 Ti4O Ti固溶体 CuTi Cu固溶体 +CuTi。采用拉剪试验评定了强度 ,结果证实12 93K、10min ,使用Cu70 Ti2 5 Zr5 钎料的接头强度最高达到 16 2MPa ,增加或减少Ti的质量分数以及改变保温时间都会使接头抗剪强度下降。     

球磨参数对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2金属陶瓷的影响

以Ti、A1和C粉末为原料,研究了球磨转速、球料比对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响。研究结果表明,不同的球磨转速、球料比对Ti—Al—C体系燃烧合成Ti3AlC2金属陶瓷组织、结构有较大影响。球磨转速较高时,混合粉料具有更高的活化能,并完全参与反应生成Ti3AlC2。适当的球料比可有效减小粉末粒度,有助于燃烧合成出片层结构更为细小的Ti3AlC2金属陶瓷。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of Cr–Nb double-glow plasma coatings deposited on Ti–Al alloy

Double-glow plasma (DGP) coatings are recommended for metallic components to mitigate the damage induced by complex working conditions in previous studies. In this paper, Nb-rich (Cr–Nb₄) and Cr-rich (Cr₄–Nb) -alloyed layers were formed onto the Ti–Al substrate via a DGP process to enhance its wear resistance. Scratch and Nano-indentation tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the coatings. The tribological behaviour of the coatings were investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer by rubbing against the GCr15 ball. Results from surface analysis techniques showed that the coatings mainly comprised Cr, Nb and Cr₂–Nb phases, and were well bonded to the substrate. The hardness of the Cr–Nb₄ coating was 11.61GPa and the Cr₄–Nb coating was 9.66 GPa which all higher than that of the uncoated Ti–Al which was 5.65 GPa. However, the critical load of the Cr₄–Nb coating ~21.64 was higher than that of the Cr–Nb₄ coating ~17.6. And the specific wear rate of Cr–Nb₄ coating, Cr₄–Nb coating and uncoated Ti–Al were 3.54 × 10^?4, 0.01 × 10^?4 and 1.53 × 10^?4mm³ N^?1 m^?1_, respectively. The low-wear mechanism of the coatings is discussed in detail in this paper.     

Local analysis of the edge dislocation core in BaTiO3 thin film by STEM-EELS

The a <100> edge dislocation core formed in an epitaxial BaTiO₃ (BTO) thin film grown on a substrate was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Elemental analysis using core-loss spectrum indicates that the atomic ratios of O/Ti and Ba/Ti are decreased at the dislocation core. The near-edge fine structure of the oxygen K-edge recorded from the dislocation core differs slightly from that of relaxed BTO region, which suggests that Ba-O bonding is decreased at the dislocation core. The structure of the dislocation core is discussed using a high-angle annular dark-field image and the electron energy-loss spectroscopy results.     

Subtleties in ADF imaging and spatially resolved EELS: A case study of low-angle twist boundaries in SrTiO3

A screw dislocation network at the low-angle SrTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 twist grain boundary has been analyzed by annular dark field (ADF) imaging and spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The cores of one set of dislocations running parallel to the beam direction appear dark in the ADF STEM images. EELS on the dislocation core reveals a reduced Sr/Ti ratio compared to the bulk suggesting Sr-deficient cores. The second set of dislocations, orthogonal to the latter, is imaged by its strain field using low-angle annular dark field (LAADF) imaging. Multislice image simulations suggest channeling of the electron probe on the atomic columns for small tilts, theta < 1 degree, where the Sr columns act as beam guides. Only for larger tilts is the channeling effect strongly reduced and the fringe contrast approaches the value predicted by a purely incoherent imaging model. Ti-L(2,3) EELS across the dislocation core shows an asymmetry between the EELS and the ADF signal which cannot be explained by the geometry or beam broadening. This asymmetry might be explained by an effective nonlocal potential representing inelastic scattering in EELS.     

Ti_3SiC_2材料的力学性能及抗损伤机制

利用反应烧结技术得到了纯度为93.0%的Ti3SiC2块体材料;测试了该材料的断裂强度和硬度;用XRD、SEM等方法分析了材料的物相组成、断口形貌和损伤机制;用TG/DTA法分析了气孔产生的原因.结果表明:1 250℃烧结Ti3SiC2材料的抗弯强度为105.59 MPa,硬度为101 HB;其强度随Ti3SiC2含量的增加而增大;材料的抗损伤机制是通过晶粒破碎、穿晶断裂、分层、拔出等形式来消耗能量,从而阻止了裂纹的扩展,表现出了一定的微塑性.     

ICP-AES测定2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的研究

采用ICP-AES法对2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的测定进行了研究,着重进行了基体元素及待测元素在测定浓度范围内的线性相关性试验,进行了酸度试验,测定了2E12铝合金中8种元素的含量,得到了较好的精密度和准确度.方法简便,可靠,获得了满意的分析结果.