梅钢高炉炉身造衬技术的应用

梅山第三代高炉冶炼强度不断提高，炉身炉墙侵蚀严重，炉身冷却设备损坏较多。通过多年炉身造衬技术的研究，针对炉衬、冷却设备损坏机理，在炉身造衬的材料、方法上作了大量实践。炉身采用压入硬质耐火材料泥浆造衬，有效保护炉身冷却设备，规整部分缺损炉衬，改善高炉炉况顺行。     

关于高炉冷却设备与内衬的选择

简要阐明了高炉冷却设备与内衬的作用,重点阐述了炉底炉缸区域(铁口区域)、炉腹风口段、炉腰及炉身下部、炉身中上部和炉喉区域等部位冷却设备与内衬的选择。认为:合理的冷却设备与铁口区域的设计,是阻止炭砖不被铁水异常侵蚀,优化高炉炉缸生产稳定性的必要条件;炉腹、炉腰和炉身下部冷却系统,应以优化操作炉型为重点,建立起与冷却系统匹配的内衬,并优化高炉操作,达到渣皮保护冷却设备,冷却设备同时又促进形成稳定渣皮的动态平衡的目标。     

包钢3号高炉中修炉体破损调查分析

包钢３号高炉（２２００ｍ＾３）１９９７年５月停炉中修时对炉体进行了破损调查，调查发现，炉身中下部的炉衬已全部被侵蚀掉，炉身中下部的冷却壁（板）破损也十分严重，突其原因主要是碱金属、锌等的破坏以及冷却设备的冷却强度偏低。因此，为延长包钢高炉寿命，关键是改进炉身中下部炉衬的结构和材质，严格控制碱金属入炉量，提高冷却设备的冷却强度。     

高炉寿命,砖衬及冷却设备的定量分析

开发的数模来研究不同设计参数对高炉炉腹和炉身砖衬温度的影响，特别是不同冷却设备和砖衬导热性能的影响，研究表明，该数模对确定高炉炉腹和炉身的砖衬实际侵蚀情况是一种有效的手段，而且对新建高炉和现有高炉改造、开发泰勒型设计也是有用的。     

梅山高炉长寿实践

从高炉冷却设备改进、炉身冷却结构形式的改进、炉缸炉底结构及材质的改进以及高炉操作维护等方面阐述了梅山三代高炉的长寿经验。认为现役高炉采用的炉身板壁结合的冷却结构以及炉缸陶瓷杯结构适合梅山高炉长寿要求。     

宝钢不锈钢2号高炉破损调查

为了更好地掌握高炉内部侵蚀的机理,对2500m~3高炉停炉后进行了破损调查工作。在调查过程中,找出了高炉炉身大幅沉降的原因,调查了炉缸炭砖侵蚀的状况,对前期炉缸侵蚀计算、强化冷却等措施的实际效果进行分析,并提出了大型高炉炉缸炭砖布置、电偶安装、采用合适的冷却制度等方面的建议。     

太钢高炉上下部操作炉型相互作用及其影响

 通过太钢2座4 350 m3高炉生产、操作炉型监控和维护的实践,认识到高炉上下部操作炉型之间有密切的相互作用关系,其对炉缸寿命有一定的影响。高炉上部的操作炉型受到炉腹煤气量、炉身部位耐火材料的选择以及炉身冷却水流向的影响。适当的炉腹煤气量、减少冷却板与砖衬间可能形成的窜气通道、冷却水横向分段、分区冷却有助于形成合理的上部操作炉型。炉身操作炉型与渣皮厚度具有相互作用关系,风口以上操作炉型对炉缸炉底的侵蚀和结厚也存在相互作用关系。通过维持炉芯死焦堆透气透液性、高炉炉身硬质压入以及钒钛矿护炉等措施,维持合理的上、下部操作炉型,改善了炉况顺行和操作指标,同时减缓炉缸侧壁的侵蚀。     

韶钢7号高炉护炉操作实践

针对高炉本体长高,炉身冷却壁大量烧坏,炉缸区域炉墙侵蚀,炉缸侧壁温度偏高现象,总结出炉龄后期的护炉操作技术,为今后高炉长寿管理提供了技术依据。     

碳砖炉缸炉底热侵蚀的数学模型

武钢四高炉开炉初期原料供应、设备结构有不少问题,生产水平很低。1973年因炉身砖衬和冷却设备严重损坏准备停炉检修。为研究炉底侵蚀状况以决定大修或中修,作者用数学物理方法,以实测数据为边界条件,导出了碳砖炉底的热侵蚀计算式。计算结果与炉壳温度分布、残铁量等方法推算的相近。由于炉底侵蚀仅1米,决定四高炉中修。四高炉中修至今炉底状况良好,可认为推算是可靠的。作者还推导了碳砖炉缸的热侵蚀计算式。用此式计算的一高炉炉缸侵蚀尺寸与大修时的观测值也一致。     

关于高炉炉身砖衬寿命问题的讨论

当前,高炉炉身砖衬破损日趋严重,合理炉型很快遭到破坏,已成为决定高炉寿命的关键。弄清其侵蚀机理,研究和采用新的炉身结构(新材料和冷却结构),取消或减少中修次数,延长高炉整体寿命,有重大的经济效益。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.