吸附式制冷装置中吸附床传热传质的研究

本文根据吸附式制冷装置中吸附床的操作特性,建立了吸附床在受热解吸过程中的传热传质数学模型.在这个模型中,假设吸附床是均质的,吸附床的导热系数可用一个当量寻热系数表示,并考虑吸附床中吸附剂与传热片之间的接触热阻.以本文作者所建立的吸附式制冰机为例,对此数学模型进行了计算,计算值与实验结果吻合得较好.     

新型吸附床的研究进展

吸附床是吸附式制冷装置的核心部件,其性能的优劣直接关系到吸附式制冷装置的制冷效果.通过吸附床的热阻分析,得出强化吸附床传热的措施.文中重点介绍了提高吸附剂与换热壁面的换热系数和吸附剂间的导热系数来强化吸附床传热的方法,详细介绍了填充式吸附床、涂抹式吸附床以及固化式吸附床的结构特点,比较分析3种吸附床的传热传质特点,并阐...     

硅胶粒径对太阳能吸附制冷系统性能的影响

针对以硅胶-水为工质对的太阳能吸附式制冷系统,实验研究了不同粒径的硅胶材料对吸附床传热传质特性及系统制冷能力的影响。三组对比实验的硅胶材料平均粒径分别为1mm、3mm和5mm,在太阳辐射接近的条件下完成实验测试,结果表明粒径中等的硅胶材料表现最优,其制冷系数COP和按照循环周期定义的比制冷功率SCP2均最高。小粒径材料虽然使吸附剂填充量有所增加,但是会导致吸附床轴向传质阻力增加,影响其末端吸附能力的发挥。而材料的粒径过大,则会降低吸附床的吸附剂填充量及其传热性能,从而导致预热脱附和冷却过程的时间延长,不利于系统的制冷性能改善。实验结果表明,吸附剂粒径是影响太阳能吸附式制冷系统工作性能的一个重要因素,在系统设计中需要给予重视。     

吸附床在封闭气流循环中的除湿传质动力学研究

用硅胶和4A分子筛吸附剂进行气流封闭循环实验,对吸附床的除湿传质动力学进行了研究。由湿度随时间的微分规律拟合了吸附床的除湿传质系数与吸附剂表面平衡湿度。除湿传质系数主要受操作条件的影响而随吸附剂种类变化不大,表明吸附床的除湿过程主要受外扩散控制。在层流状态下,吸附床的除湿传质系数随雷诺数近似线性增大。     

菜豆种子薄层干燥的潜力分析

为探讨薄层物料脱水过程颗粒内部水分的迁移机理,考虑物料的非均质性及水分扩散系数在干燥过程的变化,利用扩散方程模型通过有限差分法数值模拟了菜豆种子的干燥过程,分析了物料内部温度场及湿度场的相互影响。结果表明,种皮是种子干燥过程最主要的传质阻力之一,菜豆种子子叶层的扩散系数是种皮层的3．2倍。根据物料颗粒内部的湿度分布,匹配一定的温度场,能够显著加快脱水过程,可以认为这是干燥极限过程,在一定程度上说明了强化、优化传热传质的方向与干燥潜力。     

结构化5A分子筛吸附床结构及工艺参数对N2/H2吸附性能的影响

利用吸附等温线获得动力学参数,建立了CFD模型,模拟了氢气/氮气在结构化5A分子筛吸附床中的吸附过程,研究了吸附剂层片间距、吸附剂厚度等结构参数和吸附压力、进气流量等工艺参数对混合气吸附效果的影响。结果表明：减小层片间距和吸附剂厚度可显著提高传质系数和床层利用率。增大吸附压力可提高床层利用率,但会减小传质系数。进气流量对传质系数的影响不明显,但当流量较大时,吸附容量和床层利用率均呈减小趋势。结构化5A分子筛吸附剂吸附性能良好。     

固定床吸附烷烃中芳烃的模拟

本文在实验研究烷烃中少量芳烃的固定床吸附动态过程的基础上,进行模型化计算,分别用线性推动力和孔扩散两种固定床吸附模型,拟合得出总传质系数,液膜传质系数和孔扩散系数,两种模型的拟合计算结果表明：在本文的实验条件范围内,传质推动力可用线性推动力表示。总传质阻力由液膜传质阻力和颗粒相传质阻力的共同作用而形成,它随着温度,浓度和流量的降低而增加,孔扩散系数与流量无关。     

颗粒直径对吸附分离影响的数值模拟

基于Fluent的多孔介质模型,建立了变压吸附制氧发生器的立式填充床模型。采用用户自定义函数功能,以反映吸附传质、传热,并将多孔介质单相模型整合为更精确的气固两相耦合模型。在此基础上,模拟了吸附颗粒直径对气相压力、速度、床层压降以及氧气分离浓度、回收率等参数的影响情况。结果表明：床层压降随颗粒直径的增大而减小;床层对入口急流的抗穿透性能随颗粒直径的增大而减小;相同条件下,采用较小颗粒直径能够提高氧气分离浓度、回收率,原因在于小颗粒直径降低了床层内气体的流速,增加了吸附时间,促进了吸附的进行。     

乳状液膜分离Zn^2＋的界面传质阻力及传质模型

用Ｌｗｅｉｓ恒界面传质池对乳状液膜分离Ｚｎ＾２＋的传质阻力进行实验研究，结果表明由于表面活性剂单分子层的形成，使界面传质阻力占整个传质阻力的８５％。在此基础上所建立的既考虑界面传质阻力又考虑膜破碎的液膜传质模型能使用理论计算值与实验测定值符合较好。     

变压吸附两相流FLUENT模型的建立

利用FLUENT中气-固多孔介质模型可模拟多孔介质内气体的流动规律.针对FLUENT自带的单相多孔介质模型不能表现变压吸附气体与固体吸附颗粒之间的传质、传热问题,采用FLUENT用户自定义函数编程,反映吸附分离传质、传热和动量传递,将多孔介质单相模型耦合为更准确的气固两相流模型,并加以验证.结果表明,出口氧气平均摩尔浓度误差在2％左右,模拟与实验结果吻合较好.     

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE ADSORBENT BED OF AN ADSORPTION HEAT PUMP

The heat and mass transfer equations governing an adsorbent bed in an adsorption heat pump and the mass balance equation for the adsorbent particles in the adsorbent bed were solved numerically to simulate the cycle of a basic adsorption heat pump, which includes isobaric adsorption, isosteric heating, isobaric desorption, and isosteric cooling processes. The finite difference method was used to solve the set of governing equations, which are highly nonlinear and coupled. The pressures of the evaporator and condenser were 2 and 20 kPa, respectively, and the regeneration temperature of the bed was 403 K. Changes in the temperature, adsorptive pressure, and adsorbate concentration in the adsorbent bed at different steps of the cycle were determined. The basic simulated cycle is presented in a Clausius-Clapeyron diagram, which illustrates the changes in average pressure and temperature of the adsorbent bed throughout the cycle. The results of the simulation indicated that the most time-consuming processes in the adsorption heat pump cycle were isobaric adsorption and isobaric desorption. The high thermal resistance of the bed slows down heat transfer, prolonging adsorption and desorption processes.     

Comparison of experimental and predicted breakthrough curves for adiabatic adsorption in fixed bed

Mass and heat transfer in adiabatic fixed bed adsorbers is described by a model which considers resistance to mass and heat transfer simultaneously within the porous adsorbent particles and in the fluid flowing past the pellets. The adsorption equlibrium is described by a temperature dependent Freundlich isotherm.The mathematical model which is given in dimensionless form is solved numerically for different values of the dimensionless parameters.An example of predicted concentration and temperature breakthrough curves for an adiabatic integral bed is given. This prediction is performed solely on the basis of data from an isothermal differential bed. The predicted breakthrough time is within 8% of the experimental value when the dimensionless parameters are assumed constant and within 2% when their concentration and temperature dependence is taken into account.     

Study on mass transfer of ethyl acetate in polymer adsorbent by experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves

A new polymeric adsorbent with highly hypercrosslinked structure was developed for the removal of VOCs from polluted air. The purpose of this work is to obtain the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent particles. Adsorption experiments for obtaining breakthrough curves were carried out with a fixed bed system. A dynamic mathematical model for the fixed bed adsorption system was developed. By model fitting, the overall mass transfer coefficient was determined when the deviation error was minimum. Then, the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent was determined when the external mass transfer resistance was eliminated at higher velocities. Furthermore, a linear relationship of the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient and equilibrium coefficient at lower inlet gas concentrations range was correlated. Moreover, an equation for predicting external mass transfer coefficient at low Reynolds number range at room temperature was obtained.     

EXERGETIC CRITERIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABSORPTION HEAT PUMPS

Lumped parameter mass transfer models based upon a tanks-in-series representation of fixed bed adsorption columns are derived. The effects of external and internal diffusion and axial dispersion are incorporated in the model for both single and multisolute (competitive) adsorption. The advantages of this type of model as compared with distributed parameter models are discussed. The model is validated against experimental data for both the single solute and bi-solute adsorption.     

Determination of PVC powder drying kinetics at particle scale: Experimental study and modeling

An original experimental method is used to determine drying kinetic at particle scale. The particle scale kinetics was obtained by immersion of a small mass of wet polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles (cake) in a batch dense fluidized bed containing inert hot particles (glass bead). The results are summarized here and prove clearly that the PVC drying is controlled by a competition between internal and external transfers. The drying kinetic was described by a particle scale model taking into account the convective–diffusive (mass transfer) and the convective–evaporative (heat transfer) phenomena. To validate this model with the experimental data, the experimental fluidized bed dryer is modeled following two different approaches: a perfect stirred reactor model and a 3D numerical simulation using the multiphase flow code NEPTUNE_CFD. The aim of this 3D simulation is to simulate the phenomena occurring, at local scale, in a dense fluidized bed dryer and to show the limitations of the perfect stirred reactor model.     

A 3-zone model for protein adsorption kinetics in expanded beds

The adsorption behavior of expanded beds is more complex than that of fixed beds, since the adsorbent particle size, local bed voidage and liquid axial dispersion will vary axially with expanded height. Models applicable to fixed beds maybe not adequately describe the hydrodynamic and adsorption behavior in expanded beds. In this paper, a 3-zone model is developed, in which the model equations are written for the bottom zone, middle zone, and top zone of the column, respectively, and the model parameters, such as the adsorbent particle diameter, bed voidage and liquid axial dispersion coefficient, are zonal values. In-bed breakthrough curves are predicted by the 3-zone model, and tested against literature data for lysozyme adsorption on Streamline SP in an expanded bed.Model parametric sensitivity is analyzed. The effects of film mass transfer resistance, liquid axial dispersion and adsorbent axial dispersion on the breakthrough curves are weaker than that of protein intraparticle diffusion resistance for stable expanded beds. Adsorbent particle size axial distribution and bed voidage axial variation significantly affect in-bed breakthrough curves, therefore, model parameters should not be assigned uniform values over the whole column; instead the model should account for the adsorbent particle size axial distribution and bed voidage axial variation.     

吸附天然气储罐充气过程的数学模拟

对于吸附天然气储罐,结合实际充气过程建立了较简化的一维非绝热模型并进行了数值模拟,以分析比较各种可能缓解充气热效应的措施.对于容积约50L的吸附储罐的模拟计算表明：通过吸附床层自然散热的方法,10min的充气效率为0.76,比绝热过程仅增加0.03;降低气体入口温度不能有效地提高充气效率,而通过气体外循环换热或提高充气压力的方法可有效地提高充气效率.