掺钕钇铝石榴石透明陶瓷 (Nd:YAG)体视学研究

采用低温燃烧法合成出掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd：YAG)粉末,经模压300MPa成型,于1700℃真空烧结5h,制备出尺寸φ9mm×1mmNd：YAG透明陶瓷片．对Nd：YAG透明陶瓷片进行光透过率、场发射-环境扫描电镜测量．采用体视学原理与方法定量地研究了Nd：YAG透明陶瓷的微观结构参数和光透过率之间的关系．研究结果表明：尺寸φ9mm×1mmNd：YAG透明陶瓷片在可见光波段光透过率约为45％,在近红外光波段约为55％；随着入射光波长的增加,光透过率增加；随着晶粒三维球当径(D_(3S))的增加,光透过率增加,当D_(3S)约为20μm时,Nd：YAG透明陶瓷光透过率接近单晶理论值；随着晶粒以及单个晶粒平均比表面积的增加,光透过率降低；随着晶粒三维平均自由距离的增加,光透过率降低．     

3D Printing of Ceramics with Controllable Green-Body Configuration Assisted by the Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Physical Gels

Additive manufacturing of ceramics has received intense attention. In particular, 3D-printed ceramics with customized shapes are highly desirable in the chemical industry, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Nevertheless, developing a simple and cost-effective process that shapes dense ceramics to complex geometries remains challenging because of the high hardness and low ductility of ceramic materials. Extrusion-based printing, such as direct ink writing (DIW), often requires supporting materials that pose additional difficulties during printing. Herein, a simple approach is developed to produce stretchable ceramic green bodies of zirconia and alumina for DIW. The ink is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and an aqueous suspension of ceramic powders. Besides the colloidal network formed by the ceramic particles, PVA plays an important role in tuning the printability of the aqueous ink. Through a freeze-thaw process, PVA crystallizes to form physical networks. This strategy provides highly stretchable hydrogel green bodies that can be reprogrammed to complex geometries difficult for common DIW printing. The subsequent drying, debinding, and sintering processes produce ceramics with dense structures and fine mechanical properties. In short, this work demonstrates an efficient method for the DIW of ceramic parts that can be reprogrammed to complex geometries.     

化学沉淀法制备YAG透明陶瓷粉体研究进展

YAG透明陶瓷作为激光增益介质,在国防和民用领域具有广泛的应用。因其制备周期短、成本低、易于实现大尺寸制备等优势,是单晶和玻璃材料的理想替代品。而纯度高、分散性好、粒径分布均匀的YAG纳米粉体是制备高性能YAG激光透明陶瓷的关键。本文分析了液相沉淀法中影响YAG透明陶瓷粉体性能的主要因素,回顾了国内外在液相沉淀法制备YAG纳米粉体方面的研究进展,并对液相沉淀法制备球形钇铝石榴石粉体的研究前景和发展方向进行了展望。     

凝胶燃烧法低温合成钇铝石榴石纳米粉体及其表征

以Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法合成单相钇铝石榴石(Y3Al5O12,YAG)纳米粉体。采用红外光谱、差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试手段对前躯体干凝胶和YAG粉体进行表征,探讨溶胶-凝胶的均质化转变以及YAG相的结晶温度等。结果表明:柠檬酸与Y3+和Al3+以单齿方式进行络合,实现了溶胶-凝胶的均质化转变;前躯体粉末于750℃低温下开始直接由无定形态转变为立方晶系YAG相,没有YAlO3和Y4Al2O9等杂相存在;900℃煅烧2 h得到颗粒呈类球形状,粒径为50 nm左右的YAG粉体。     

High‐Performance Materials for 3D Printing in Chemical Synthesis Applications

3D printing has emerged as an enabling technology for miniaturization. High‐precision printing techniques such as stereolithography are capable of printing microreactors and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for efficient parallelization of biological and biochemical reactions under reduced uptake of reactants. In the world of chemistry, however, up until now, miniaturization has played a minor role. The chemical and thermal stability of regular 3D printing resins is insufficient for sustaining the harsh conditions of chemical reactions. Novel material formulations that produce highly stable 3D‐printed chips are highly sought for bringing chemistry up‐to‐date on the development of miniaturization. In this work, a brief review of recent developments in highly stable materials for 3D printing is given. This work focuses on three highly stable 3D‐printable material systems: transparent silicate glasses, ceramics, and fluorinated polymers. It is further demonstrated that 3D printing is also a versatile technique for surface structuring of polymers to enhance their wetting performance. Such micro/nanostructuring is key to selectively wetting surface patterns that are versatile for chemical arrays and droplet synthesis.     

透明陶瓷——无机材料研究与发展重要方向之一

透明陶瓷是在纳米材料科学与技术和先进陶瓷制备科学发展的基础上,集结构与功能一体化于一身的重要材料,它将为国民经济各个领域的发展和国防工业中高科技项目的发展提供关键材料.同时陶瓷从传统不透明→半透明→接近完全透明涉及到大量基础科学问题,尤其是材料的微结构（包括气孔、晶界、晶粒尺寸、形貌等等）对光物理的影响还不十分清楚,因此作为无机材料研究与发展的重要方向之一,需要化学、物理、材料、激光等各个学科领域的共同努力.本文着重介绍透明陶瓷的研究进展.     

掺铋钇铁石榴石磁光陶瓷的热压烧结及其性能研究

钇铁石榴石(Y₃Fe₅O₁₂, YIG)材料因其优异的磁性能和磁光性能在微波通信、激光技术和光纤通讯等领域具有重要应用。离子掺杂是提高YIG材料磁光性能的有效途径之一, 本研究选择离子半径适配的Bi³⁺掺杂改性YIG陶瓷以提高材料的磁光性能。本工作采用固相法热压烧结制备Bi_xY_3-xFe₅O₁₂ (x=0、0.3、0.6、0.9)陶瓷, 并研究Bi³⁺掺杂对YIG陶瓷材料相结构、微观形貌、红外透过性、磁性能以及磁光性能的影响。结果表明: 陶瓷样品均呈石榴石立方相结构; 显微结构致密, Bi³⁺掺杂后晶粒尺寸不同程度增大; 样品红外透过率良好, 随Bi³⁺掺杂量增大而降低; 陶瓷样品的法拉第旋转角随Bi³⁺掺杂量增加呈线性变化, Bi³⁺掺杂量每增加1% (原子分数), 在波长1064 nm和1550 nm处变化量分别约为-49.0 (°)/cm和-30.2 (°)/cm。Bi_0.6Y_2.4Fe₅O₁₂陶瓷样品在1064 nm和1550 nm波长下法拉第旋转角分别达到-703.3 (°)/cm和-461.5 (°)/cm, 绝对值远高于未掺杂YIG陶瓷的277.6 (°)/cm和172.0 (°)/cm。由此可见, 掺杂适量Bi³⁺可以显著增强YIG陶瓷材料的磁光性能。     

3D Printing of Textiles: Potential Roadmap to Printing with Fibers

3D printing (3DP) has transformed engineering, manufacturing, and the use of advanced materials due to its ability to produce objects from a variety of materials, ranging from soft polymers to rigid ceramics. 3DP offers the advantage of being able to print at a variety of lengths scales; from a few micrometers to many meters. 3DP has the unique ability to produce customized small lots, efficiently. Yet, one crucial industry that has not been able to adequately explore its potential is textile manufacturing. The research in 3DP of textiles has lagged behind other areas primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining some of the unique characteristics of strength, flexibility, etc., of textiles, utilizing a fundamentally different manufacturing technology. Textiles are their own class of materials due to the specific structural developments that occur during the various stages of textile manufacturing: from fiber extrusion to assembly of the fibers to fabrics. Here, the current 3DP technologies are reviewed with emphasis on soft and anisotropic structures, as well as the efforts toward 3DP of textiles. Finally, a potential pathway to 3DP of textiles, dubbed as printing with fibers to create textile structures is proposed for further exploration.     

3D打印技术研究现状和关键技术EI北大核心CSCD

本文首先简要介绍了3D打印技术的基本原理及分类,然后重点介绍了有关金属材料3D打印的几种方法:电子束熔化成形(EBM)、激光选区熔化成形(SLM)、激光快速成形技术(LDMD)。简述了金属材料3D打印的应用领域及国内外发展情况及研究现状。文章最后结合国内外金属材料3D打印的研究现状,指出金属材料3D打印需要在打印用粉末、金属3D打印设备、3D打印零件无损检测方法、3D打印零件的失效行为和寿命预测等方面进行重点研究,并建立3D打印零件的无损检测标准规范以及3D打印材料全面力学性能数据库。     

Y2O3粉体分散性对固相反应法制备YAG透明陶瓷的影响

以分散性不同的Y2O3纳米粉为原料,利用固相反应法合成YAG超细粉。在不同的制备条件下,针对Y2O3纳米粉的分散性对固相反应进程的物相变化、显微组织及YAG陶瓷体透光性的影响进行了观察和研究。结果表明,Y2O3纳米粉的分散性决定其反应活性,是影响固相反应进程的主要因素。将高活性的Y2O3纳米粉与Al2O3粉均匀混合,可促进固相反应的完成并有效降低烧结温度,使真空烧结后的YAG陶瓷组织更加均匀,有利于烧结后期孤立气孔的排除。     

3D打印技术对产品的影响

目的研究3D打印技术性因素对产品从内在概念到外在结构与形式的影响,科学地认知该技术在设计方面的价值。重点研究在3D打印技术背景下产品属性及价值、生产与制造、设计、结构与形态等诸方面呈现出新的变化趋势。方法通过对"商品"与"产品"概念变迁的阐述,揭示3D打印技术影响下产品价值与内涵的变迁形式。分析3D打印技术对产品生产制造、造型与结构等方面的影响,进一步理清3D打印技术对产品、产品设计与生产、产品结构与形态等方面影响的形式与程度。结论 3D打印技术在设计范畴、设计观念、设计核心问题等方面突破了传统的设计认知藩篱。通过梳理新技术对产品多方面的影响,从而建立起新技术背景下的设计认知,以实现技术价值与创新设计价值的进一步融合。     

共沉淀法制备Nd3+:Y2O3透明陶瓷

以Y2O3为基质材料,掺杂不同含量的Nd3+添加PEG和(NH4)2SO4为分散剂,采用共沉淀法制备出性能良好的Nd3+:Y2O3纳米粉.对前驱体和不同温度下煅烧后的粉体进行差热热重、X射线衍射、比表面积和透射电镜等分析.结果表明,前驱体产物为Y2(OH)5(NO3)·nH2O时,Nd3+完全固溶于Y2O3的立方晶格中,Nd3+:Y2O3粉体大小均匀,近似球形.随着煅烧温度的升高,颗粒逐渐长大,900℃煅烧2h后颗粒尺寸约为40～60nm;粉体在1700℃和真空度为1×10-3Pa条件下烧结6h得到的Nd3+:Y2O3透明陶瓷的透光率接近78%.     

Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing of Aqueous Solutions

Among the various electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processing techniques, electrowriting (EW) produces the most complex 3D structures. Aqueous solution EW similarly retains the potential for additive manufacturing well-resolved 3D structures, while providing new opportunities for processing biologically derived polymers and eschewing organic solvents. However, research on aqueous-based EHD processing is still limited. To summarize the field and advocate for increased use of aqueous bio-based materials, this review summarizes the most significant contributions of aqueous solution processing. Special emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of different printing parameters, the prospects for 3D processing new materials, and future challenges.     

Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Ceramics: Challenges and Opportunities for Structural Integrity

This article reviews the current activities at the Montanuniversität Leoben on the design, processing, and characterization of 3D printed advanced ceramics using the lithography-based manufacturing technology. An overview of the challenges and the opportunities offered to improve the mechanical properties of printing ceramics is given. Their brittle failure is analyzed within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics, considering specific aspects of additive manufacturing. Several issues associated with the printing process are addressed, such as surface quality, geometry control, influence of printing directions, as well as the need to establish testing protocols for 3D printed parts. Based on the layer-by-layer capabilities of the stereolithographic process, bio-inspired material design concepts are discussed aiming to enhance the mechanical resistance of 3D-printed ceramics. By tailoring the layer architecture and microstructure of the parts, high strength and fracture resistance may be achieved.     

3D打印主要成形工艺及其应用进展

3D打印是以计算机图形数据为基础,通过逐层堆积的方式构建实体,具有高柔性制造以及对复杂零件自由快速成形的特点.从文献研究入手,重点介绍了光固化成形、熔融沉积制造、选区激光烧结、选区激光熔化、三维印刷成形、分层实体制造等典型3D打印工艺的成形原理以及研究进展,在此基础上着重概述了3D打印在生物医学、航空航天、建筑工程领域的应用.简要分析了当前3D打印技术发展中存在的一些问题并提出了一系列解决方案.3D打印技术的出现,给传统制造技术带来了革命性改变,其应用范围广泛,未来一定会融入到人们生活的方方面面.