Synergistic Cascade Carrier Extraction via Dual Interfacial Positioning of Ambipolar Black Phosphorene for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

2D black phosphorene (BP) carries a stellar set of physical properties such as conveniently tunable bandgap and extremely high ambipolar carrier mobility for optoelectronic devices. Herein, the judicious design and positioning of BP with tailored thickness as dual-functional nanomaterials to concurrently enhance carrier extraction at both electron transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer interfaces for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells is reported. The synergy of favorable band energy alignment and concerted cascade interfacial carrier extraction, rendered by concurrent positioning of BP, delivered a progressively enhanced power conversion efficiency of 19.83% from 16.95% (BP-free). Investigation into interfacial engineering further reveals enhanced light absorption and reduced trap density for improved photovoltaic performance with BP incorporation. This work demonstrates the appealing characteristic of rational implementation of BP as dual-functional transport material for a diversity of optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, sensors, light-emitting diodes, etc.     

Automated Dimensioning Method of Engineering Drawings for Mechanical Products Based on Curve Chain

An automated method based on the curve chain was proposed for dimensioning of engineering drawings for the mechanical products. According to the internal relation between the features of 3D model feature and elements of 2D drawing, the curve chain was established to reflect the geometric topological structure between the elements. It divides the dimensions into the absolute dimensions within the cure chain and the relative dimensions between the curve chains. The parallel and lengthy relationship between the drawing elements of the constructed X and Y parallel matrix was solved to remove redundant elements in the curve chain and labeled the absolute dimensions of the remaining valid elements. The average minimum weight coefficient was introduced to judge the dependence on the relative dimensions between curve chains. Through the analysis of the overlap between the circular rectangular areas, including all the absolute dimensions of the curve chains, overlapping curve chains were merged, and their dimensions were rearranged to avoid the cross interference between them. The method was seamlessly integrated into the drafting module of product design software NX, and it developed an automated dimensioning system. The examples show that the system has excellent interactivity and robustness in the dimensioning of product engineering drawings. The dimension information is complete, accurate and reliable.     

Mussel‐Inspired Defect Engineering of Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Electrical Conductivity

Inspired by mussel adhesive polydopamine (PDA), effective reinforcement of graphene‐based liquid crystalline fibers to attain high mechanical and electrical properties simultaneously is presented. The two‐step defect engineering, relying on bioinspired surface polymerization and subsequent solution infiltration of PDA, addresses the intrinsic limitation of graphene fibers arising from the folding and wrinkling of graphene layers during the fiber‐spinning process. For a clear understanding of the mechanism of PDA‐induced defect engineering, interfacial adhesion between graphene oxide sheets is straightforwardly analyzed by the atomic force microscopy pull‐off test. Subsequently, PDA could be converted into an N‐doped graphitic layer within the fiber structure by a mild thermal treatment such that mechanically strong fibers could be obtained without sacrificing electrical conductivity. Bioinspired graphene‐based fiber holds great promise for a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, multifunctional textiles, and wearable sensors.     

Structure Engineering of MoS2 via Simultaneous Oxygen and Phosphorus Incorporation for Improved Hydrogen Evolution

Oxygen and phosphorus dual‐doped MoS₂ nanosheets (O,P‐MoS₂) with porous structure and continuous conductive network are fabricated using a one‐pot NaH₂PO₂‐assisted hydrothermal approach. By simply changing the precursor solution, the chemical composition and resulting structure can be effectively controlled to obtain desired properties toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Thanks to the beneficial structure and strong synergistic effects between the incorporated oxygen and phosphorus, the optimal O,P‐MoS₂ exhibit superior electrocatalytic performances compared with those of oxygen single‐doped MoS₂ nanosheets (O‐MoS₂). Specifically, a low HER onset overpotential of 150 mV with a small Tafel slope of 53 mV dec^?1, excellent conductivity, and long‐term durability are achieved by the structural engineering of MoS₂ via O and P co‐doping, making it an efficient HER electrocatalyst for water electrocatalysis. This work provides an alternative strategy to manipulate transition metal dichalcogenides as advanced materials for electrocatalytic and related energy applications.     

Engineering NiO/NiFe LDH Intersection to Bypass Scaling Relationship for Oxygen Evolution Reaction via Dynamic Tridimensional Adsorption of Intermediates

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a pivotal reaction in many technologies for renewable energy, such as water splitting, metal–air batteries, and regenerative fuel cells. However, this reaction is known to be kinetically sluggish and proceeds at rather high overpotential due to the universal scaling relationship, namely, the adsorption energies of intermediates are linearly correlated and cannot be optimized simultaneously. Several approaches have been proposed to break the scaling relationship by introducing additional active sites; however, positive experimental results are still absent. Herein, a different solution is suggested on the basis of dynamic tridimensional adsorption of the OER intermediates at NiO/NiFe layered double hydroxide intersection, by which the adsorption energy of each intermediate can be adjusted independently, so as to bypass the scaling relationship and achieve high catalytic performance. Experimentally, the OER overpotential is reduced to ≈205 mV at current density of 30 mA cm^?2, which represents the best performance achieved by state‐of‐the‐art OER catalysts.