Product design: Metal nanoparticle‐based conductive inkjet inks

A systematic procedure that provides an efficient workflow for formulating conductive inks is developed. Qualitative product attributes of the inkjet ink are first identified and transformed into quantitative product specifications. Ingredients are then selected based on heuristics, mechanistic, and empirical models to meet the product specifications. Printability checks based on theoretical criteria are used to ensure that stable droplets can in principle be formed and coalesced properly to form a printed line of ink. Then, the conductive ink is prepared and printed to evaluate the performance of the inkjet ink experimentally. An example of preparing a copper ink for inkjet printing is used to illustrate the systematic procedure. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2740–2753, 2016     

尼龙用导电涂料配方设计

为了提高尼龙底材用导电涂料的附着力和贮存稳定性,设计了尼龙用导电涂料配方.通过分析树脂、导电填料、溶剂、助剂以及颜基比对导电涂料性能的影响,获得了最佳配方如下(以质量分数表示):羟基丙烯酸树脂20%,封闭异氰酸酯6%,改性聚酯2%,银包铜粉(wAg=50%)40%、复合溶剂30%以及助剂2%.     

PEDOT复合导电浆料的制备及性能研究

3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(EDOT)和对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSNa)在过硫酸钾(KPS)—硫酸铁[Fe SO2 4 3x H O]作用下,通过化学氧化法合成了聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠(PEDOT/PSS)导电聚合物浆料,并通过2步法——乳液聚合法和化学氧化法合成了聚(对苯乙烯磺酸钠-丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯)P(SSNa-BA-St)三元共聚乳液和PEDOT/P(SSNa-BA-St)复合导电浆料,探讨了SSNa用量、EDOT用量和球磨机分散对复合导电浆料性能的影响,同时对2种导电膜进行了柔韧性测试。结果表明,随着SSNa用量的增大,复合导电膜的表面电阻先增大后减小;与之相反随着EDOT用量的增大,该膜的表面电阻先减小后增大;球磨分散有助于提高复合导电膜的透光率,但会导致膜的表面电阻增大;与PEDOT/PSS膜相比,PEDOT/P(SSNa-BA-St)膜的柔韧性较好。     

水基石墨烯-铜复合导电浆料的制备及性能

采用水基载体替代有机载体,以粒径为5和15μm的混合铜粉作为主导电相,添加少量石墨烯为导电增强相,按一定的质量配比制备水基石墨烯-铜复合导电浆料。用四探针测试仪、SEM等分析测试手段研究水基载体对浆料性能的影响,分析其导电机理并建立导电相连接模型。结果表明,在m(去离子水)∶m〔羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)〕∶m〔聚乙二醇(PEG)〕∶m(消泡剂)=96.9∶1.5∶1.5∶0.1的条件下制备的水基载体性能较好;水基载体含量为30%(质量分数)时,制备的水基石墨烯-铜复合导电浆料具有优良的印刷性能,且电阻率较小,为1.65 mΩ·cm;添加石墨烯的水基复合浆料较纯铜浆料电阻率降低了97.1%,较有机载体制备的石墨烯-铜复合浆料电阻率降低了75.78%。制得的导电膜更平坦、致密,导电相间的接触更紧密,大量的石墨烯在铜粉间隙之间或横向搭接,或径向填充,与铜粉形成并联或串联的导电通道,从而形成致密的导电网络,改善复合浆料的导电性能。     

稀释剂含量对低温固化型导电银浆及其固化膜性能的影响

借助黏度测试仪、扫描电镜及红外光谱、非等温差示扫描量热法等分析手段,通过测量体积电阻率、附着力和硬度,探讨了以糠醛–丙酮作为E-51环氧树脂/双氰胺体系导电银浆的活性稀释剂时,稀释剂含量对体系黏度及所得导电膜断面形貌、机械性能和导电性的影响。另外讨论了固化时间对导电膜导电性的影响。结果表明:随稀释剂含量增加,银浆的黏度迅速下降,稀释剂含量为25.0%时,黏度下降了87.5%;综合考虑银浆的固化程度、丝网印刷效果、导电性和机械性能,选择稀释剂含量为12.0%,此时所得导电膜性能最佳:固化最完全,体积电阻率最小(1.33×10~(-5)Ω·cm),导电性最好,硬度5H,附着力4B。根据动力学分析,最佳固化温度为148.33°C,该固化反应级数是0.79,反应活化能为27.51 k J/mol。     

Triggers for chemical product design: A systematic literature review

The product design project is a complex problem because objectives and constraints must be considered simultaneously, the sustainability context is highly relevant and specific, decision-making involves not only customer needs but also of other stakeholders, especially the organization in which the design project takes place. This work presents a systematic literature review of design methodologies for chemical products to identify how that problem has been addressed and which are the future challenges to be met. The review involved the analysis of 262 research papers and 336 patents, classified according to the chemical product type, the design phase studied, and whether they consider association with a business context. The study highlights the need for holistic product design methodologies applicable from the early design stages, covering the assessment of customer needs and the requirements of other stakeholders, as well as the business context where the design process is carried out.     

屏蔽用导电涂料的配方设计

通过比较导电涂料的树脂、导电填料、溶剂以及助剂的种类对导电涂料的生产、施工和性能的影响,讨论了导电涂料配方的设计技巧。     

聚氯乙烯糊树脂制品消光方法

概述了使用物理方法、表面涂覆处理、高速增塑糊配方,应用多羟基醇以及消光专用糊树脂以得到表面消光制品的方法,并介绍了交联型、非交联型消光专用糊树脂的配方及生产工艺。     

Automated robotic platforms in design and development of formulations

Product design for formulations is an active and challenging area of research. The new challenges of a fast-paced market, products of increasing complexity, and practical translation of sustainability paradigms require to re-examine the existing theoretical frameworks to include the advantages deriving from the new reality of digitalization of business and research. In this work, we review the existing approaches, clearly stating the role of automation and machine-learning-guided optimization in the broader framework. Moving from this, we review the state of the art of automated hardware and software for formulated product design, and identify the open challenges for future research. Perspectives are given on the emerging fields of automated discovery, scale-up, and multistage optimization, and a unitary picture of the existing connections is provided, in the general context of a completely digital R&D workflow.     

Product design in price‐competitive markets: A case study of a skin moisturizing lotion

In this article, we apply a recently developed method for product design to the formulation of skin lotions and extend its application to consider price‐competitive markets. The method is based on the use of consumer preference functions that are in turn parameters of price‐demand relations. These relationships are then embedded in a business model that aims at determining the optimal lotion formulation from the profitability point of view. The model allows to distinguish the formulation that leads to the consumer most preferred skin lotion from the most profitably one in a quantitative fashion. In the latter case, the selling price is also determined simultaneously with the optimal formulation. The example analyzed shows that the consumer most preferred lotion is not profitable, whereas a slightly less preferred lotion is very profitable. We then extend the new product design procedure to consider a competitive environment in which prices of all competitors, change dynamically until equilibrium is established. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

Product design: A pricing framework accounting for product quality and consumer awareness

A systematic framework has been developed to determine the optimal price of a completely new (or existing but improved) chemical product that is being launched (or relaunched) in the presence of a competing product. It has four elements. The first is a pricing model derived from a utility function with constant elasticity of substitution. It accounts for consumers' awareness of the product under consideration and consumer preferences. The second is a set of relationships relating the consumer preferences and the relevant sales data available to a relaunched product to the parameters of the pricing model. In the absence of sales data for a completely new product, the third element is a set of heuristics for choosing a pricing strategy and estimates of the pricing model parameters. The optimal price is finally determined in a profit maximization problem subject to the market size as well as any other constraints. This pricing framework allows simultaneous optimization of product quality and price using product specifications as design variables. It is illustrated with an example on energy drinks. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2462–2471, 2018     

50 m3 PVC糊树脂反应釜的设计与开发

介绍了50 m3PVC糊树脂反应釜的技术特性、结构特点、制造、调试及开发应用情况。     

Enhancement of electrical properties of anisotropically conductive adhesive joints via low temperature sintering

The electrical properties of anisotropically conductive adhesives (ACAs) joints through low temperature sintering of nano silver (Ag) particles were investigated and compared with that of the submicron‐sized Ag‐filled ACA and lead‐free solder joints. The nano Ag particles used exhibited sintering behavior at significantly lower temperatures (<200°C) than at the bulk Ag melting temperature (960°C). The sintered nano Ag particles significantly reduced the joint resistance and enhanced the current carrying capability of ACA joints. The improved electrical performance of ACA was attributed to the reduced interfaces between the Ag particles and the increased interfacial contact area between nano Ag particles and bond pads by the particle sintering. The reduced joint resistance was comparable to that of the lead‐free (tin/3.5 silver/0.5 copper) metal solder joints. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1665–1673, 2006     

导电复合橡胶研究进展

介绍了导电复合橡胶的两大导电机理,即导电通路学说和量子力学隧道效应学说;对炭系、金属系、颗粒表面镀金属、本征导电聚合物填充制备导电复合橡胶的研究进展状况进行了综述;并从聚合物并用、温度、压力等方面对复合型导电橡胶导电性能的影响因素进行了综述。     

除草剂新品种、剂型及混合制剂

介绍了近年来开发的除草剂新品种、表面活性剂与植物油在制剂中的应用以及混合制剂。     

Product design: Nanoparticle‐Loaded polyvinyl butyral interlayer for solar control

A systematic procedure for the design of nanoparticle‐loaded polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer for solar control applications is developed. Desirable product attributes—transparency, energy savings, pleasant color, and so on and the related product specifications—transmittance of visible light, solar heat gain coefficient, color coordinates, and so on are met by properly selecting the type(s) of nanoparticles, their volume fraction in the PVB interlayer, and so on. The selection is based on the Maxwell Garnett relation to account for the localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles, Beer–Lambert's law, various international standards, and a database of transmittance and reflectance developed in our laboratory. The final product that meets all the product specifications as verified by prototypes is obtained by iterating between predictions and experiments. A causal table is provided to guide the verification step. Two examples of preparing solar control PVB interlayers with different specifications are provided to illustrate this design procedure. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3614–3624, 2018     

产品数据管理系统在绿色自行车设计中的应用

介绍自行车产品的研发设计,提出利用产品数据管理系统（PDM）进行绿色自行车产品设计的方案。     

PVC糊树脂颗粒形态对糊粘度的影响

利用扫描电镜，分析双峰分布的聚氯乙烯糊树脂初级粒子和次级粒子颗粒形态对糊粘度的影响，结果表明初级粒子表面的乳化剂层包覆不严或表层粉粒太多，均会导致增塑糊粘度偏高；次级粒子聚结松散，结构脆弱，有较低的糊粘度和触变性；次级粒子聚结紧密，有熔结现象，增塑糊粘度偏高。     

减震用厚制品配方研制

采用NR/SBR为主体胶料，通过硫化体系的筛选，金属氧化物用量的试验分析。防老体系的对比研究，特别是通过对新型促进剂OTOS（N，N′-双（氧二乙撑）硫化氨基甲酰次磺酰胺）在厚制品中的应用研究等方面的工作，研制出了抗硫化返原性能好，硫化均匀性好。性能优良的减震用厚制品配方。