Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable,Transient Electronics

Transient electronics refers to an emerging class of advanced technology, defined by an ability to chemically or physically dissolve, disintegrate, and degrade in actively or passively controlled fashions to leave environmentally and physiologically harmless by-products in environments, particularly in bio-fluids or aqueous solutions. The unusual properties that are opposite to operational modes in conventional electronics for a nearly infinite time frame offer unprecedented opportunities in research areas of eco-friendly electronics, temporary biomedical implants, data-secure hardware systems, and others. This review highlights the developments of transient electronics, including materials, manufacturing strategies, electronic components, and transient kinetics, along with various potential applications.     

可生物降解的化妆品包装材料研究进展

目的 综述可生物降解的包装材料在化妆品应用方面的研究进展,为生物降解材料的广泛使用提供参考。方法 通过对国内外聚乳酸、聚羟基链烷酸酯、纤维素、壳聚糖等可生物降解包装材料在化妆品中的研究与应用,分析各种材料的性能特点,提出可生物降解的包装材料在化妆品应用方面的未来展望。结果 不同类型的化妆品应根据产品特性选择适宜的可生物降解的包装材料,可生物降解包装材料在化妆品中的应用有待进一步研究和推广。结论 可生物降解材料应用于化妆品包装是未来发展趋势之一,应用纳米技术对材料性能提升具有重要意义。     

热塑性淀粉基生物分解材料研究进展

热塑性淀粉具有完全可生物降解的特性,成为近年来环保领域的重要研究方向之一.介绍了几种常见淀粉的微观形貌,重点阐述了热塑性淀粉和其它合成聚合物复合体系的研究现状,总结了热塑性淀粉与天然聚合物复合体系新进展,最后提出了该材料的发展趋势.     

生物可降解锌基金属材料研究进展

随着人们医疗观念的转变和材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料的选择从传统316L不锈钢、钴铬合金、钛合金等惰性金属逐渐转向可降解材料。为了减轻与耐腐蚀支架相关的副作用(即慢性炎症和晚期血栓形成),目前正在开发新一代的生物可吸收支架,支架在完成任务后会被逐渐降解和吸收。目前的可降解金属主要包括镁合金、铁合金和锌合金,铁在动脉中产生大量的氧化产物而镁及其合金又腐蚀得太快。其中,锌合金具有更适宜的降解速度、良好的降解行为和较好的力学性能,基于锌的生物可吸收材料是近年兴起的最具发展潜力的可降解医用金属材料。本文主要介绍了纯锌、锌铜系、锌镁系及其他锌基合金近年来的主要研究进展。     

25th Anniversary Article: Materials for High‐Performance Biodegradable Semiconductor Devices

We review recent progress in a class of silicon‐based electronics that is capable of complete, controlled dissolution when immersed in water or bio‐fluids. This type of technology, referred to in a broader sense as transient electronics, has potential applications in resorbable biomedical devices, eco‐friendly electronics, environmental sensors, secure hardware systems and others. New results reported here include studies of the kinetics of hydrolysis of nanomembranes of single crystalline silicon in bio‐fluids and aqueous solutions at various pH levels and temperatures. Evaluations of toxicity using live animal models and test coupons of transient electronic materials provide some evidence of their biocompatibility, thereby suggesting potential for use in bioresorbable electronic implants.     

可降解医用高分子材料降解建模研究现状

可降解医用高分子材料降解过程复杂,致其医用研究尚处于＂试错＂阶段。文中就降解医用高分子材料的降解建模研究现状展开讨论,针对建模相对比较成熟的药物缓释系统介绍了机理论模型的非蒙特卡洛模型和蒙特卡洛模型及元胞自动机模型;分析了药物缓释系统、组织工程支架降解建模中建模方法的思路与存在的问题;归纳了当前的建模或从微观或从宏观角...     

纳米SiO2改性可生物降解材料研究进展

纳米SiO2无毒,无味,无污染,具有优异的纳米特性,与高分子聚合物具有良好的相容性,被广泛应用于改善可生物降解材料性能等领域。综述了纳米SiO2的分散稳定性能,以及纳米SiO2改性聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇等合成型生物降解材料与淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、蛋白质、木质素等天然高分子材料的研究进展,并从降低价格及增强性能方面,对其改性可生物降解材料替代某些通用塑料的应用前景进行了展望。     

面向绿色制造的材料选择研究

面向绿色制造的材料选择较之传统材料选择是一种全新的理念和思路.研究了材料对外部环境的影响,提出了面向绿色制造的材料选择方法:技术性原则、经济性原则和环境性原则的综合和集成,探讨了绿色材料数据库和知识库、绿色材料生命周期环境影响评估系统等支撑技术,构建了面向绿色制造的材料选择多目标决策模型,以便为材料选择提供理论和技术支持.     

果蔬包装用可生物降解材料的制备与应用研究进展

目的 可生物降解材料具有高效和环保的特点,可以减轻传统石油基材料过度使用带来的环境污染问题,总结可生物降解材料及其制备技术的特点为进一步促进其在果蔬包装中的应用提供参考和基础。方法 首先对现有的可生物降解材料进行分类,其次探究其制备方法,然后对近年来可生物降解材料在生鲜果蔬包装中的应用,以及对生鲜果蔬保质期和质量的影响相关的研究进行总结和分析,最后对可生物降解材料的特点和应用前景进行归纳、分析和展望。结果 可生物降解材料具有良好的性能,适当的透气性和透湿性,较高的CO2/O2选择透过性,可大幅度地提高果蔬的货架期。结论 可生物降解材料相较于现有的保鲜包装材料有更好的保鲜效果,高效环保,能减轻不可降解材料对环境造成的污染问题。     

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engineering to accommodate mechanical stretching rather than imposing strain into the materials directly. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i.e., rubbery electronics, suggests a feasible a venue. Rubbery electronics have gained increasing interest due to the unique advantages that they and their associated manufacturing technologies have offered. This work reviews the recent progress in developing rubbery electronics, including the crucial stretchable elastomeric materials of rubbery conductors, rubbery semiconductors, and rubbery dielectrics. Thereafter, various rubbery electronics such as rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, rubbery optoelectronic devices, and rubbery sensors are discussed.