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1.
Estimation of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Cottonseed Kernel Powder Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alfred Quampah Zhuang Rong Huang Jian Guo Wu Hai Ying Liu Jin Rong Li Shui Jin Zhu Chun Hai Shi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(4):567-575
Oil content and fatty acid composition in 444 ground cottonseed kernel samples were analyzed using near infrared reflectance
spectroscopy (NIRS). Calibration equations were developed for oil and fatty acid contents with the modified partial least
squares (MPLS) regression method. The correlations between NIRS and reference values in external validation were in agreement
with the predictions in calibration. Each equation was assessed based on the relative prediction determinant for external
validation (RPDv). Equations corresponding to total oil content (RPDv = 11.495) and linoleic acid (RPDv = 5.026) showed high accuracy. For palmitic acid (RPDv = 1.914), myristic acid (RPDv = 1.724) and oleic acid (RPDv = 1.999), the equations were predicted with relatively high accuracy while those for palmitoleic acid (RPDv = 0.686), stearic acid (RPDv = 0.792), linolenic acid (RPDv = 0.475) and 1-eicosenoic acid (RPDv = 0.619) were poorly predicted. The equations for traits with RPDv > 1.5 could be reliably used in screening samples for breeding programs. 相似文献
2.
Zakaria M. Sawan Ahmad E. Basyony Willis L. McCuistion Abdel Hamid A. El Farra 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(3):313-317
In field trials at Giza in 1986–1987, cotton cv. Giza 75 was sown at 166,000, 222,000 and 333,000 plants/ha and given foliar
applications of 0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat) or Alar (daminozide). As plant density increased, there was
a decrease in cottonseed yield/ha, seed index, seed protein content, oil and protein yields/ha, oil refractive index, iodine
value, unsaponifiable matter and unsaturated fatty acids (myristoleic, oleic and linoleic). In contrast, as plant density
increased, there was an increase in oil acid value, saponification value and saturated fatty acids (caprylic, capric, lauric,
tridecylic, myristic, palmitic and stearic). Application of Cycocel or Alar increased cottonseed yield/ha, seed index, seed
protein content and oil and protein yield/ha, oil refractive index, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter and unsaturated fatty
acids. However, there was a decrease in oil acid value and saponification value. There were no differences among application
rates of either chemical on cottonseed yield/ha. The highest oil and protein yield/ha was observed with Cycocel applied at
750 ppm, followed by Alar at 250 ppm. Applying Cycocel at 250 ppm gave the highest oil refractive index and unsaponifiable
matter, and the lowest acid value. Application of Alar at 250 ppm gave the highest oil iodine value and the lowest saponification
value, and also at 250 or 500 ppm gave the highest oil unsaturated fatty acid composition. Interaction was positive between
plant density, Cycocel and Alar and affected cottonseed yield/ha. The 166,000 plants/ha and application of Cycocel at 750
and Alar at 250 ppm are recommended for the improvement of cottonseed yield and quality. 相似文献
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4.
Leonardo Velasco Fernando D. Goffman Heiko C. Becker 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(1):25-30
The use of nondestructive analytical methods is critical for the evaluation of very small seed samples such as those from
germplasm collections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
(NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed oil content and concentration of major fatty acids in intact-seed samples of
the family Brassicaceae. A total of 495 samples from 56 genera and 128 species were analyzed by NIRS. The fatty acid composition
of the seed oil was determined in all the samples by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The total seed oil content was determined
by solvent extraction in 129 samples from 22 genera. Calibration equations for oil content (n=97) and individual fatty acids (n=410) were developed and tested through external validation with the samples not included in the calibration sets. The calibration
equations for oil content (r
2=0.97 in validation) and concentrations of C18:1 (r
2=0.93), C18:3 (r
2=0.95), and C22:1 (r
2=0.94) showed very good performance and provided reliable estimations of these traits in the samples of the validation set.
The calibration equations for C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 content were less reliable, with r
2 from 0.67 to 0.73. There was practically no response of NIRS to differences in C20:1 (r
2=0.31). These results demonstrated that the oil content and concentrations of C18:1, C18:3, and C22:1 can be estimated reliably within the family Brassicaceae by using NIRS calibration equations integrating broad taxonomic
variability. 相似文献
5.
Álvaro Fernández‐Cuesta José M. Fernández‐Martínez Rafel Socias i Company Leonardo Velasco 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2013,115(2):211-216
Almond kernels show large variability for oil content and fatty acid profile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the analysis of these traits in almond flour. Ground kernels of 181 accessions collected in 2009 were used for developing calibration equations for oil content and concentrations of individual fatty acids. Calibration equations were developed using second derivative transformation and modified partial least squares regression. They were validated with samples from 179 accessions collected in 2010. The accuracy of calibration equations was measured through the coefficient of determination (r2) in external validation and the ratio of the SD in the validation set to the standard error of prediction (RPD). Both r2 and RPD were high for oil content (r2 = 0.99; RPD = 9.24) and concentrations of oleic (r2 = 0.97; RPD = 5.37) and linoleic acids (r2 = 0.98; RPD = 7.35), revealing that calibration equations for these traits are highly accurate. Conversely, the accuracy of the calibration equations for palmitic (r2 = 0.54; RPD = 1.41) and stearic acids (r2 = 0.52; RPD = 1.44) was too low for allowing their application in practice. NIRS discrimination of oil content and concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids was mainly based on the spectral region from 2240 to 2380 nm. Practical applications : NIRS is a high‐throughput analytical technique that allows fast measurement of several traits in a single analysis without using chemical reagents. We evaluated the feasibility of analyzing oil content and concentrations of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids in almond flour using fruits collected during 2 years from a world germplasm collection. The fruits collected in 2009 were used for NIRS calibration, whereas the fruits collected in 2010 were used for validation. NIRS equations were highly accurate for measuring oil content and concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids, which are important traits defining the quality of almond flour for specific uses in the food industry. These results have applications both in the research laboratory and the food industry, where NIRS is becoming a widely used technique for quality control. 相似文献
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7.
Decreased expression of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) δ in skeletal muscles attenuates glucose uptake and is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, up‐regulation of DGKδ expression is thought to protect and improve glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetes. We recently determined that myristic acid (14:0), but not palmitic (16:0) or stearic (18:0) acid, significantly increased DGKδ2 protein expression in mouse C2C12 myotubes. In the current study, we analyzed whether myristic acid indeed enhances glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. We observed that myristic acid caused ~1.4‐fold increase in insulin‐independent glucose uptake. However, palmitic and stearic acids failed to enhance glucose uptake. DGKδ‐specific siRNA decreased myristic acid‐dependent increase of glucose uptake. Moreover, overexpression of DGKδ2 enhanced glucose uptake in C2C12 cells in the absence of myristic acid treatment. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that myristic acid enhances basal glucose uptake in myotubes in a DGKδ2 expression‐dependent manner. 相似文献
8.
L. Velasco J. M. Fernández-Martínez A. De Haro 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(12):1595-1602
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed samples
of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) within a mutation breeding program that produced seeds with variable fatty acid compositions. Five populations, from
1992 to 1996 crops, were included in this study; and NIRS calibration equations for major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic,
oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic) were developed within each single population. Furthermore, global calibration
equations, including samples from the five populations, were developed. After external validation, the NIRS technique permitted
us to obtain a reliable and accurate nondestructive estimation of the fatty acid composition of the oil, especially for the
major acids—oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic. For these, the r
2 in external validation was higher than 0.95 by using both single-and multipopulation equations, and higher than 0.85 for
the remaining fatty acids. Moreover, the multipopulation equations provided an accurate estimation of samples from a population
not represented in the calibration data set, with values of coefficient of determination in validation (r
2) from 0.80 (palmitic and eicosenoic acids) to 0.97 (erucic acid). The ability of NIRS to discriminate among different fatty
acid profiles was mainly due to changes within six spectral regions, 1140–1240, 1350–1400, 1650–1800, 1880–1920, 2140–2200,
and 2240–2380 nm, all of them associated with fatty acid absorbers. Thus, NIRS can be used to estimate the fatty acid composition
of Ethiopian mustard seeds with a high degree of accuracy, provided that calibration equations be developed from calibration
sets that include large variability for the fatty acid composition of the oil. 相似文献
9.
Javed A. Farooqi 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1986,88(3):94-95
Seed oil of Abutilon ramosum was found to contain the following fatty acids (wt.%): malvalic (2.48%), sterculic (1.29%), myristic (1.0%), C15:0 (1.78%), palmitic (19.1%), palmitoleic (0.51%), stearic (6.53%), oleic (23.72%), linoleic (42.55%) and linolenic (0.91%). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fatty acids were carried out by HBr-titration and the gas-liquid chromatography of the silver nitrate-methanol-treated esters using the fatty acid esters of the oil of sterculia foetida as reference standard. 相似文献
10.
Leonardo Velasco Begoña Pérez-Vich José M. Fernández-Martínez 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(12):1883-1888
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to perform an easy and rapid classification of different sunflower
oil types was investigated. A total of 118 oil samples showing large variation in their fatty acid compositions were analyzed
by both NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). They were classified into five classes, characterized by (i) high palmitic
acid content (>29%), (ii) high palmitic acid in high oleic acid background (>27 and >51%, respectively), (iii) high stearic
acid content (>22%), (iv) high oleic acid content (>83%), and (v) standard oil type. Second-derivative transformation and
scatter corrections were applied to the original log (1/R) spectra, and the correlation coefficients between NIRS spectral information and GLC fatty acid values were studied to identify
the wavelengths with the best discriminating ability. The use of the spectral data at 2134 nm permitted all the samles with
high levels of total saturated fatty acids (>29%, classes i, ii, and iii) to be discriminated from the samples with standard
levels (<22%, classes iv and v). The use of a second wavelength, 2192 nm, led to a further separation of the samples with
high C18:1 content within each group (classes ii and iv, respectively). Therefore, an accurate discrimination of four of the five sunflower
oil types was achieved by using the spectral information at two wavelengths exclusively. The oil samples belonging to classes
i and iii could not be separated with this approach, which was explained on the basis of the small spectral differences observed
between the two classes. 相似文献
11.
Valrie Briard Nadine Leconte Franoise Michel Marie‐Caroline Michalski 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(11):677-682
Native milk fat globules of various mean diameters, ranging from d43 = 1.5 to 7.3 μm, were obtained using microfiltration of raw whole milk acquired in winter and spring. After total lipid extraction, fatty acid composition was characterized by methyl and butyl ester analysis using gas chromatography. The oleic and linoleic acid content of milk obtained in winter increased with fat globule size, whereas myristic and palmitic acid decreased. There was significantly more lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acid, and less stearic acid in small fat globules compared to large fat globules in milk obtained in both winter and spring. The relative content of oleic and linoleic acids were found to depend on fat globule size and season. Results are interpreted on the basis of the relative content of milk fat globule membrane depending on fat globule size, and on consequences of compositional variations on milk fat globule melting behavior. 相似文献
12.
13.
Sajjad Ahmad Farooq Anwar Abdullah Ijaz Hussain Muhammad Ashraf Abdul Rasul Awan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(9):845-851
Variation in the yield and composition of oil of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed collected from two different sites (saline and non-saline) of Pakistan was examined. Hexane-extracted oil content of
cottonseed from saline and non-saline areas was found to be 17.7 and 18.6%, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences in the refractive index (40 °C), color, specific gravity (24 °C), iodine, free fatty acid, peroxide,
unsaponifiable matter, saponification, conjugated diene and triene and p-anisidine values of the oils of cotton plants from saline and non-saline habitats were observed. Fatty acid compositional
analysis showed the concentration of stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher, whereas that of linoleic (C18:2) acid was lower in cottonseed oils from the saline area than those from the non-saline habitat. Tocopherol contents of cottonseed
oils were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher from the saline area than those from the non-saline area. The results of the present study showed that soil
salinity did not affect the oil yield of cottonseed, however, it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the tocopherol and fatty acid profiles of the oils examined. 相似文献
14.
B. Pérez-Vich L. Velasco J. M. Fernández-Martínez 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(5):547-555
A methodological study was conducted to test the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the
oil content and fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds. A set of 387 intact-seed samples, each from a single plant, were
scanned by NIRS, and 120 of them were selected and further scanned as husked seed, meal, and oil. All samples were analyzed
for oil content (nuclear magnetic resonance) and fatty acid composition (gas chromatography), and calibration equations for
oil content and individual fatty acids (C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2) were developed for intact seed, husked seed, meal, and oil. For intact seed, the performance of the calibration equations
was evaluated through both cross- and external validation, while cross-validation was used in the rest. The results showed
that NIRS is a reliable and accurate technique to estimate these traits in sunflower oil (validation r
2 ranged from 0.97 to 0.99), meal (r
2 from 0.92 to 0.98), and husked seeds (r
2 from 0.90 to 0.97). According to these results, there is no need to grind the seeds to scan the meal; similarly accurate
results are obtained by analyzing husked seeds. The analysis of intact seeds was less accurate (r
2 from 0.76 to 0.85), although it is reliable enough to use for pre-screening purposes to identify variants with significantly
different fatty acid compositions from standard phenotypes. Screening of intact sunflower seeds by NIRS represents a rapid,
simple, and cost-effective alternative that may be of great utility for users who need to analyze a large number of samples. 相似文献
15.
Mehmet etin Ayhan Yldrm A. Metin ahin 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(11):683-687
The fatty acid composition and total trans fatty acid content in 10 margarines produced in Turkey were determined by capillary gas chromatography and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The fatty acid composition ranged as follows: saturated fatty acids, C16:0 (palmitic) 11.3 to 31.8% and C18:0 (stearic) 5.7 to 8.7%, monounsaturated fatty acids, C18:1 (oleic) 21.8 to 35.7% and C18:1 trans isomers 0.4 to 27.4%, polyunsaturated fatty acid, C18:2 linoleic acid 5.2 to 40.2%. Some positional isomers of C18:1 as cis‐11‐octadecenoic acid varied from 0.7 to 4.6% and cis‐13 trace to 2.4%. The total trans fatty acid contents were between 0.9 and 32.0% when measured with capillary gas chromatography and between 0 and 30.2% with FT‐IR spectroscopy. Some of the margarines analyzed contained trace amount of trans fatty acids which could not be detected by FT‐IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
16.
Merve Yilmaz Ümit Geçgel Demet Apaydin Emrullah Culpan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2023,100(9):723-732
This study aimed to determine the chemical properties (fatty acid composition, oil content, sterol and tocopherol compositions) of the oils extracted from the seeds of safflower (Dinçer, Remzibey, Balci, Linas, Yenice, Olas) varieties harvested in different periods from flowering to ripening period. In parallel with the increase of harvest time, the humidity rate decreased, while the oil ratios increased. It was determined that palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids, which are significant saturated fatty acids, and oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids, which are unsaturated fatty acids, are quite high in the oils of all safflower varieties. These fatty acids showed significant changes from the first harvest to the last harvest. The total saturated fatty acid ratios decreased, while the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased as the maturation progressed. The first and latest harvest samples of Dinçer, Remzibey, Balcı, Linas, Yenice, Olas cultivars were selected and their sterol and tocopherol compositions were examined. The highest level of sterol in all cultivars was β-sitosterol and the amount of sterols decreased towards full maturity. It was determined that α-tocopherol was the dominant tocopherol found in the safflower oils and the amount of tocopherol increased towards full maturity. 相似文献
17.
This study investigates the influence of three fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) on biodegradable polymer blends based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), containing different weight ratios (100:0, 100:2, and 100:4) of fatty acids on the transparency, mechanical properties, morphology, contact angle, and water vapour permeability. All of the blends were pressed into thin films and tested. The experimental results showed that the properties of the samples varied with chain length and amounts of the fatty acids. Thus, it could be concluded that use of fatty acids opens up new ways for the plasticisation of PLA/PBS blends for use as new bioplastics. 相似文献
18.
Seasonal Variations in the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol in Gonad and Liver of Mastacembelus simack
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The seasonal effects on the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in the gonad and liver of Mastacembelus simack were determined using the gas chromatographic method. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons and tissues were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n‐9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n‐7), arachidonic acid (C20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n‐3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n‐3). The distribution proportions of ∑SFA (saturated fatty acids), ∑MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) and ∑PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were found to be different among PL and TG fractions in all seasons. The total lipid content of gonad and liver were 1.32 (November)–4.90 % (September) and 1.32 (September)–3.94 % (January), respectively. It was shown that the total lipid and fatty acid compositions in the gonad and liver of fish were significantly influenced by seasons. 相似文献
19.
P. M. Kris-Etherton 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1993,95(12):448-452
We conducted two clinical studies to examine the effects of diets high in stearic acid and lauric + myristic acid on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of healthy young men. In the first study subjects (n = 15) were fed whole food diets high in cocoa butter, butter, olive oil and soybean oil. In the second study, subjects were fed diets very high in saturated fatty acids (> 20% of calories) that were high in either stearic acid (from cocoa butter or milk chocolate) or lauric + myristic acid (from butter). In the first study, cocoa butter elicited a neutral cholesterolemic effect, whereas the butter diet was hypercholesterolemic and the olive oil and soybean oil diets were hypocholesterolemic. In the second study, the diets high in stearic acid did not raise plasma total and LDL-cholesterol levels, whereas, as in the first study, butter was markedly hypercholesterolemic. Regression analyses performed on the individual data from these two clinical studies were conducted to establish the cholesterolemic effects of individual fatty acids. The bestfitting linear regression equations relating ΔTC (change in plasma total cholesterol) was: ΔTC = 2.3 ΔC14:0 + 3.0 ΔC16:0-0.8 ΔC18:0-1.0 ΔPUFA, where Δ fatty acid = change in intake expressed as percent of calories. This predictive equation separates stearic acid from the other long-chain saturated fatty acids and suggests that it has an independent cholesterol-lowering effect. In conclusion, stearic acid is a unique long-chain saturated fatty acid. 相似文献
20.
Muhammad A. Rahman Ashim K. Ghosh Rathindra N. Bose 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1979,29(3):158-162
The pKa values of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid in methanol-water and ethanol-water mixtures of different compositions at 303 K and ionic strength, I=0.1M(KNO3) have been determined. The pKa values of the fatty acids have been found to increase with the alcohol content of the solvent. It has also been found that, in general, the pKa values in the ethanolic solvent are greater than those in the methanolic solvent. In a given solvent mixture the observed pKa value decreases in the order of stearic acid > palmitic acid > myristic acid > lauric acid. Departure from the predicted linearity of the plots of pKa against the inverse of the dielectric constant, 1/D indicates that the electrostatic effects taken into account by the Born theory are not adequate enough to represent the total medium effects on pKa. 相似文献