Adaptive Control Constraint of Machining Processes

Adaptive control constraint is one of the machining process control types. In this paper, the major adaptive control constraint systems are discussed, based on the feedback control, parameter adaptive control/self-tuning control, model reference adaptive control, variable structure control/sliding mode control, neural network control, and fuzzy control. Their typical applications to constant cutting force control system are also described, and some recent experiment results are presented.     

Sliding mode control of I/O linearizable systems with uncertainty

In this paper we explore the application of sliding mode control to process control problems. Sliding mode control is presented as a natural tool for robust design of state feedback controllers for minimum phase input–output linearizable systems with uncertainty. An example is presented to illustrate some of the issues involved in the design of sliding mode robust controllers.     

基于动态滑模的起重机位置控制系统设计

给出了起重机电机负载系统的数学模型,以此模型为基础,采用动态滑模控制理论,分别设计了系统的磁链动态滑模控制器和位置动态滑模控制器,考虑到系统转子磁链无法直接测量,设计了转子磁链观测器;为保证动态滑模面的物理可实现性,对系统的不确定干扰设计了自适应律,进行自适应估计。仿真结果表明系统具有较好的动态性能,较高的位置控制精度及对干扰具有良好的鲁棒性。     

An enhanced tracking control of marine surface vessels based on adaptive integral sliding mode control and disturbance observer

In this paper, a new control methodology is developed to enhance the tracking performance of fully actuated surface vessels based on an integrating between an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC), in which the backstepping control technique is used as the nominal controller, is designed for the system. The major features, i.e., benefits and drawbacks, of the ISMC are discussed thoroughly. Then, to enhance the tracking performance of the system, an adaptive technique and a new disturbance observer based on sliding mode technique are developed and integrated into the ISMC. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on Lyapunov criteria. Computer simulation is performed to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed controller and compare with the existing controllers for the tracking control of a surface vessel. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy.     

Rotation matrix based finite-time attitude synchronization control for spacecraft with external disturbances

This paper investigates the anti-unwinding finite-time attitude synchronization control problem for Spacecraft formation flying with external disturbances. Two finite-time controllers are designed based on rotation matrix and terminal sliding mode method. By designing a novel sliding mode surface, the first controller is developed when the upper bound of the external disturbances can be exactly known. However, this value is not always available in reality. In addition, the direct use of the upper bound of the external disturbances can result in the chattering problem. For the purpose of overcoming the disadvantage of the first controller, a modified control law is proposed, in which the adaptive law is applied to estimate the unknown value online. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controllers.     

电液伺服力控系统的自适应滑模控制

针对存在不确定性的非线性电液伺服力控系统的跟踪控制问题,基于等价控制的概念,提出了一种自适应滑模控制律综合方法,应用参数自适应的方法,消除不确定性对控制性能的影响,以达到鲁棒跟踪控制的目的。为了证明这种控制器可行性,利用微机实现的该控制器被应用于某疲劳试验机电液伺服系统,实时控制的结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

考虑路面附着和自适应时间系数影响的车道保持控制

分析了路面附着系数对车辆控制的影响,根据车辆线性二自由度模型与一定的预瞄信息获得车辆-道路动力学模型,并给出了基于Brush轮胎模型的路面附着系数估计算法。针对车道保持转向过程中的车身横摆角速度与转向角的时间延迟现象,提出与路面附着系数有关的自适应时间系数,并加入到车辆-道路动力学模型中。在此基础上,基于滑模控制理论设计横摆角速度滑模控制器来跟踪期望车辆状态,获得理想的转向角。最后,进行了基于CarSim/Simulink的仿真计算和硬件在环台架试验,研究结果表明,在不同路面附着系数下考虑自适应时间系数可改善车道保持控制效果。     

Fuzzy Controllers in the Adaptive Control System of a CNC Lathe

Traditional approaches to improving the technological system of CNC metal-cutting machines include increasing the rigidity, periodic maintenance and repair of its components, and operating at lower speeds. In practice, the most economical approach is stabilization of the inputs to the system. The development of adaptive control systems with stabilization of the cutting forces improves the precision and quality of machining in CNC metal-cutting machines, the productivity, and tool life. However, classical PID controllers are only effective in stabilizing the cutting forces in such systems if continuous real-time parameter adjustment is possible. That sharply increases the complexity of the controller. A new mathematical apparatus based on artificial intelligence (including fuzzy logic) permits the solution of adaptive control problems that previously could hardly even be formulated. The present work addresses the use of fuzzy logic in automatic stabilization of the cutting force for CNC lathes. Simulation of a fuzzy controller shows that this approach to automatic stabilization of the cutting force increases the machining efficiency on existing equipment with indeterminacy in the characteristics of the cutting system and the working environment.     

高速进给的自适应滑模控制器设计

数控技术的发展要求伺服进给系统具有高带宽、强的扰动抑制能力和鲁棒性,以取得高精度的轨迹跟踪性能.设计了一种具有鲁棒性的自适应滑模控制器,利用一阶共振陷波滤波器抑制系统的共振,同时在控制环中加入摩擦前馈补偿,提高进给运动反向时的精度.最后通过实验和仿真比较了各种控制策略的优劣,验证了提出的带有摩擦力前馈补偿和陷波滤波器的滑模控制策略不仅可以获得高精度的加工轨迹,而且具有良好的抗干扰性和鲁棒性.     

Extended observer based on adaptive second order sliding mode control for a fixed wing UAV

This paper addresses the design of attitude and airspeed controllers for a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle. An adaptive second order sliding mode control is proposed for improving performance under different operating conditions and is robust in presence of external disturbances. Moreover, this control does not require the knowledge of disturbance bounds and avoids overestimation of the control gains. Furthermore, in order to implement this controller, an extended observer is designed to estimate unmeasurable states as well as external disturbances. Additionally, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the closed-loop stability of the observer based control. Finally, using a full 6 degree of freedom model, simulation results are obtained where the performance of the proposed method is compared against active disturbance rejection based on sliding mode control.     

Tracking control of a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile manipulator system with disturbance and friction

This paper proposes a tracking control method for a three-wheeled omnidirectional manipulator system (OMMS) with disturbance and friction. The OMMS is separated into two subsystems, a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile platform (OMP) and a selective compliant articulated robot for assembly (SCARA) type of manipulator. Therefore, two controllers are designed to control the OMP and the manipulator system. Firstly, based on a kinematic modeling of the manipulator, a kinematic controller (KC), combined with an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC), is designed for the end-effector of the manipulator to track a desired trajectory with the desired angular velocity vector of links. Secondly, a differential sliding mode controller (DSMC) based on a dynamic modeling of the OMP with force external disturbances is proposed to obtain control inputs moving the OMP so that the manipulator tracks the desired posture without singularity. The system stability is proven using Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers in the presence of disturbance and friction.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子的高精度位置控制

在受到陀螺效应、动框架效应等影响后产生的磁力非线性问题是磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG)高速转子位置精度下降的主要因素。为解决以上问题,提高转子位置精度,本文分析了转子所受磁力的特性,建立了转子系统非线性动力学模型,提出了神经网络滑模控制方法。设计滑模控制律,采用径向基函数神经网络逼近控制律中的非线性模型,自适应算法根据误差在线调整神经网络的权值,同时可以保证整个系统的稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出方法的转子位置精度达到99%,稳态误差为0.000 2 mm。神经网络滑模控制可以实现MSCMG转子系统的高精度位置控制。     

A novel adaptive sliding mode control with application to MEMS gyroscope

This paper presents a new adaptive sliding mode controller for MEMS gyroscope; an adaptive tracking controller with a proportional and integral sliding surface is proposed. The adaptive sliding mode control algorithm can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients in real time. A proportional and integral sliding surface, instead of a conventional sliding surface is adopted. An adaptive sliding mode controller that incorporates both matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances is derived and the stability of the closed-loop system is established. The numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as the consistent estimation of gyroscope parameters including angular velocity and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances.     

农业轮式移动机器人自适应滑模路径跟踪控制

针对不确定性干扰影响下的农业轮式移动机器人鲁棒自适应路径跟踪问题,提出一种非时间参考的自适应滑模路径跟踪控制方法。首先,选择合适的非时间参考量,建立面向移动机器人路径跟踪控制器设计的相对运动学模型,摆脱了时间和速度因素的影响。其次,对传统的指数趋近律进行改进,设计了新型的快速趋近律。此外,引入RBF神经网络对不确定性干扰进行实时估计,进而提出一种基于新型趋近律的自适应滑模控制方法,并对其性能进行了理论分析与证明。该控制方法既消除了抖振现象又提高了轮式移动机器人在不确定性干扰作用下的路径跟踪性能。最后,通过仿真验证了提出方法的有效性和优越性。     

防抱制动系统参数自适应滑模变结构控制器的研究

首先针对具有参数不确定性的二阶非线性系统提出了自适应滑模变结构的控制算法 ,该算法的基本思想是用自适应策略来估计不确定系统的参数 ,根据估计出的参数值 ,来设计滑模控制器 ,优点是无须事先已知不确定参数的边界 ,并且由于在自适应变结构控制采用了消颤措施 (增加了消颤项 ) ,能削弱常规滑模控制所引起的颤振现象 ,也能提高单纯的自适应控制的鲁棒性能。而后将这一控制策略应用于防抱死制动系统 (ABS)的研究中 ,设计了防抱死制动系统的自适应滑模变结构控制器 ,通过计算机仿真 ,验证了该控制方案在 ABS应用中的可行性和有效性     

主被动磁悬浮转子的不平衡振动自适应控制

针对主被动磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺转子高速旋转时产生的不平衡振动,提出了基于滑模观测器和陷波器的主被动磁悬浮转子不平衡振动自适应控制方法。该方法采用滑模观测器使同频振动的控制不受磁轴承的刚度参数摄动和磁力耦合的影响,将滑模观测器与陷波器结合,无需区分电流刚度力和位移刚度力,无需设计算法补偿功率放大器的影响,可自适应消除不平衡振动。对该方法进行了仿真和实验验证。仿真结果显示该方法可使同频轴承力大幅减小;实验结果显示,虽然主被动磁悬浮转子的被动轴承不可控,同频振动仍由0.053g减小为0.012g,减小了77%。得到的结果表明,该方法不仅适用于主被动磁悬浮转子,也适用于全主动磁悬浮转子。     

Robust tracking control of triaxial angular velocity sensors using adaptive sliding mode approach

This paper presents a robust tracking control strategy using an adaptive sliding mode approach for MEMS triaxial angular sensor device that is able to detect rotation in three orthogonal axes, using a single vibrating mass. An adaptive sliding mode controller with proportional and integral sliding surface is developed and the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed adaptive sliding mode control strategy. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller updates estimates of all stiffness errors, damping, and input rotation parameters in real time, removing the need for any offline calibration stages. To enable all unknown parameter estimates to converge to their true values, the necessary model trajectory is shown to be a three-dimensional Lissajous pattern. The numerical simulation for a MEMS triaxial angular velocity sensor is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme.     

Sliding mode controllers for a tempered glass furnace

This paper investigates the design of two sliding mode controllers (SMCs) applied to a tempered glass furnace system. The main objective of the proposed controllers is to regulate the glass plate temperature, the upper-wall temperature and the lower-wall temperature in the furnace to a common desired temperature. The first controller is a conventional sliding mode controller. The key step in the design of this controller is the introduction of a nonlinear transformation that maps the dynamic model of the tempered glass furnace into the generalized controller canonical form; this step facilitates the design of the sliding mode controller. The second controller is based on a state-dependent coefficient (SDC) factorization of the tempered glass furnace dynamic model. Using an SDC factorization, a simplified sliding mode controller is designed. The simulation results indicate that the two proposed control schemes work very well. Moreover, the robustness of the control schemes to changes in the system׳s parameters as well as to disturbances is investigated. In addition, a comparison of the proposed control schemes with a fuzzy PID controller is performed; the results show that the proposed SDC-based sliding mode controller gave better results.     

Optimal second order sliding mode control for nonlinear uncertain systems

In this paper, a chattering free optimal second order sliding mode control (OSOSMC) method is proposed to stabilize nonlinear systems affected by uncertainties. The nonlinear optimal control strategy is based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF). For ensuring robustness of the optimal controller in the presence of parametric uncertainty and external disturbances, a sliding mode control scheme is realized by combining an integral and a terminal sliding surface. The resulting second order sliding mode can effectively reduce chattering in the control input. Simulation results confirm the supremacy of the proposed optimal second order sliding mode control over some existing sliding mode controllers in controlling nonlinear systems affected by uncertainty.     

Robust adaptive control for a MEMS vibratory gyroscope

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode controller for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory z-axis gyroscope. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller can real-time estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients. The stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed adaptive sliding mode control strategy. The numerical simulation for MEMS gyroscope is investigated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as real-time estimation of gyroscope parameters and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbance.