水平管外降膜蒸发传热性能的实验研究

以水为介质研究了水平管外降膜蒸发的传热性能,并对喷淋密度和热通量等因素对传热性能的影响进行了分析,得到了传热系数关联式,该式的计算值与实验值相差在±10%以内。     

水平管降膜蒸发器蒸发传热性能实验研究

对影响水平管降膜蒸发器蒸发传热过程的部分因素进行了实验研究,确定了一定范围内水平管降膜蒸发器的喷淋密度、热通量、蒸发温度、布管方式对管束总蒸发传热系数的影响,为实际应用提供了依据.     

水平椭圆多孔管外降膜沸腾传热的研究

将椭圆截面多孔表面管用于强化水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热过程,研究了强化传热机理,分析了各种因素对该传热过程的影响,并将实验数据拟合成数学关联式。实验结果表明,椭圆截面多孔表面管能够显著地提高水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热性能。     

水平管外降膜蒸发流动和传热特性数值模拟

建立三维模型并模拟了制冷剂R410A在水平管外的降膜流动和蒸发过程,探究了喷淋密度、热通量和布液孔偏离管轴心距离对降膜流动和传热的影响。结果表明：沿管周方向,液膜厚度和传热系数逐渐减小并趋于稳定,至管底处由于局部液体堆积,液膜增厚、传热系数降低;喷淋密度较小时,总传热系数随着热通量增加而降低,随着喷淋密度增加而显著提高;液膜Reynolds数达2000后,总传热系数随喷淋密度增加而缓慢提升并趋于平稳,此时热通量的增加会提升总传热系数;随着布液偏心距的增加,总传热系数先略微上升并趋于平稳,而后由于出现局部“干涸”和液膜堆积区域,总传热系数急剧下降;随喷淋密度的增加,总传热系数急剧下降的临界点会逐渐往大偏心距偏移。     

竖直多孔管降膜蒸发传热实验

研究了内表面烧结型多孔管对降膜蒸发换热效果的影响。采用单管降膜蒸发器,由壳程的蒸汽加热管程的水降膜传热。在热通量q=13~90 kW·m^-2,传热温差ΔT=2.87~9.5℃,液体Reynolds数Re_L=4500~15000 范围内,求不同工况下管内降膜传热系数,并将其与相对应的光管换热性能进行比较。比较数据可知:多孔管的管内降膜传热系数是光管的2.03 倍,总传热系数是光管的1.78 倍,多孔管强化传热效果明显。     

影响水平管降膜蒸发因素的实验研究

以去离子水作为水平管降膜蒸发实验介质,考察了喷淋密度对热通量、管外传热系数和总传热系数的影响与传热总温差对于管内、外传热系数和总传热系数的影响,并分析其产生影响的原因,得到了水平管内、外和总传热系数随各操作因素的变化规律。通过分析实验结果,在前人经验公式的基础上加以修正,获得了多因素共同作用下管外蒸发传热系数的实验关联式,为水平管降膜蒸发技术实际应用提供实验依据。     

影响水平管外降膜蒸发传热膜系数因素的研究

主要研究以水为介质、水平管为盲管的降膜蒸发器,并对影响该蒸发器管外壁蒸发侧传热膜系数的主要因素进行了分析.为今后实际应用多效水平管降膜蒸发器作好理论准备.     

表面处理水平管外海水降膜蒸发传热的初步实验研究

对经处理的表面进行了传热性能测定和表面抗垢特性的考察。考察了淡水和海水在离子镀铬、氮化钛和化学处理水平铝管外表面的降膜传热热性。实验结果表明，经过表面改性处理后的表面可以实现高传热率、耐腐蚀和抗污垢的多重综合功效，对于开发新型海水淡化蒸发技术和设备具有重要的意义。但是表面处理的工艺条件需作进一步的研究和分析，以期实现在较长时期内的稳定工作的需要。     

木质素悬浮液管式降膜蒸发传热研究

管式降膜蒸发器由于具有传热系数高、传热温差小等优点,已应用于多个工业领域,对管式降膜蒸发器的研究也成为近年来传热技术领域的一项重要课题.文中设计了一套管式降膜蒸发装置,以木质素悬浮液为工质,对影响降膜蒸发传热的因素进行了实验研究,通过冷膜实验测试了所设计的筛板分布器的性能,得出筛板分布器能较好地使物料在换热管内壁上成膜...     

半椭圆管水平降膜的传热特性

为提高降膜流动过程中的传热效率,搭建水平降膜传热性能测试装置,以水为系统循环工质,实验研究热流密度(0—5 582 W/m~2)、喷淋密度[0.14—4.16 kg/(m·s)]和喷淋温度(20—40℃)对单根半椭圆管水平降膜管外传热系数分布和变化规律,并与相同管截面外周长圆管、椭圆管对比。结果表明:随着热流密度、喷淋密度和喷淋温度的增加,半椭圆管水平降膜管外平均传热系数不断增大,喷淋密度较小时,传热系数增加速率更大;沿管管截面圆周向角方向,半椭圆管、椭圆管和圆管的水平管外降膜传热系数变化趋势基本一致,先明显减小,最后略微增大;半椭圆管比圆管、椭圆管的水平降膜管外平均传热系数更高,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Experimental laminar falling film heat transfer coefficients on a large diameter horizontal tube

A test rig was designed and fabricated to measure local heat transfer coefficients from a large-diameter, steam-heated horizontal tube to thin falling films of water. The results of the experiments generally support the theory developed by Rogers for laminar film conditions, which were found to persist up to film Reynolds numbers of about 2000. Agreement between theoretical predictions of heat transfer coefficients and the measured values is reasonable for the thermal boundary layer development region, but measured values are about 20% lower than predicted values in the developed region. The lower values in the developed region are attributed mainly to measured film thicknesses being greater than predicted values.     

Experimental study of falling film evaporation heat transfer outside horizontal tubes

The heat transfer process of falling film horizontal evaporation includes evaporation outside tubes and condensation inside tubes, the heat transfer coefficient of the former is about 50% of that of the latter. So the overall heat transfer coefficient is influenced mainly by the falling film evaporation outside tubes. An experimental study of falling film heat transfer outside horizontal tubes was carried out in order to show how the heat transfer coefficient is affected by different parameters such as flow density evaporation temperatures, temperature difference between wall and saturation water, and mass concentration of the seawater. Experiments were conducted using 14 mm outer diameter Al-brass tubes heated by internal electric heaters so that a uniform heat flux was generated on the outside surface of tubes. The results show that when flow density Γ varies between 0.013 kg/ms < Γ< 0.062 kg/ms, the heat stransfer coefficient of falling film evaporation outside horizontal tubes h increases with the increase in liquid feeding, evaporation boiling temperature and heat flux. h also increases with an increase in distributor height, however there is a maximum height in which any height above this. Besides, the amount of non-condensing gas has significant effect on h. The difference of heat transfer coefficient between freshwater and seawater is small. These results contribute to further improving the performance of heat transfer process and developing new evaporator.     

水平管降膜蒸发器的传热性能

在换热面积为2.375m2的水平管降膜蒸发试验平台上,采用5052铝合金管作为换热管,以实际海水为原料,进行了低温多效海水淡化中水平管降膜蒸发器传热性能研究试验。研究了料液喷淋密度、管外蒸发温度、总传热温差、海水盐度以及管内蒸汽中不凝气含量等因素对海水淡化过程降膜蒸发器总传热系数的影响。结果表明,在试验条件范围内,总传热系数随着料液喷淋密度和管外蒸发温度的升高而增加,随着传热温差的增大而降低;冷凝侧有不凝气存在时,总传热系数下降幅度较大;海水浓度对传热系数影响较小;在控制不凝气含量的条件下,传热系数在3500W/(m2?℃)以上。试验结果为海水淡化的工程设计和生产优化提供了依据。     

伞板式降膜蒸发器传热性能研究

对伞板式降膜蒸发器进行了合理的结构设计,并对此蒸发器的传热性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,伞板式降膜蒸发器在低温差下仍能保持较高的传热系数,得出了伞板降膜蒸发侧无因次传热系数的实验关联式并与竖直光滑管的传热性能进行了比较。同时对伞板式蒸发器进行了液膜破裂的实验研究,得出了液膜破裂条件的实验关联式并与竖直管的破断条件进行了比较,从而得出了此蒸发器在小流量下,液膜分布均匀不易破裂等特性。     

水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数空间分布

为了得到水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数,建立了水平管降膜蒸发传热实验台。通过对实验结果的归纳,分析了水平管降膜蒸发器总传热系数随顶排管喷淋密度、蒸发温度的变化规律,并给出了总传热系数在水平管降膜蒸发器内部空间的分布。结果表明,总传热系数随喷淋密度、蒸发温度的增大而增大。在空间分布上,传热系数沿管长方向受凝结过程的影响前5 m先增大,后3 m逐渐减小;在垂直方向由上向下逐渐减小。另外传热系数随管排数的增加而降低,并且当喷淋密度较小时,总传热系数下降的趋势更明显。     

Numerical simulation of liquid falling film on horizontal circular tubes

The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the flow characteristics of falling film on horizontal circular tubes. Numerical simulations are performed using FLUENT for 2D configurations with one and two cylinders. The volume of fluid method is used to track the motion of liquid falling film and the gas-liquid interface. The effect of flow characteristics on heat and transfer coefficient may be remarkable, although it has been neglected in previous studies. The velocity distribution and the film thickness characteristics on the top tube, some special flow characteristics on the bottom tube, intertube flow modes and effect of liquid feeder height on flow characteristics have been studied. Our simulations indicate that 1) the velocity distributions of the upper and lower parts of the tube are not strictly symmetric and non-uniform, 2) the film thickness depends on flow rate and angular distributions, 3) the flow characteristics of the top tube are different from those of the bottom tube, 4) three principal and two intermediate transition modes are distinguished, and 5) the liquid feed height plays an important role on the formation of falling film. The numerical results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values by the Nusselt model and the reported results.     

考虑界面蒸发时的降液膜流动传热

The interfacial evaporative heat transfer was included in the semi-empirical study of the heat transfer for the falling liquid film flow. The investigations showed that, the inclusion of the interfacial evaporative heat transfer in the turbulent model would lower the predicted convective heat transfer coefficient. Predictions of the new model resulted in a prominent deviation from that predictions of the normal model in the case of large mass flow rate and low wall heat flux. This deviation will be decreased with increasing wall heat flux, such that it will be asymptotic zero at very high wall heat flux. Predictions of the new model agreed well with the current experimental measurements. This study has verified that the Reynolds number is not the sole crucial parameter for heat transferof falling liquid film flow, and wall heat flux will be another important independent parameter. This result is consistent with our previous studies.     

水平管降膜吸收局部传热传质特性的数值模拟

为分析滴状和柱状流型下纯水蒸气水平管外降膜吸收过程的局部传热传质特性,建立非稳态数值模型考虑吸收过程中降膜区和管间区内液相的实际流动特征及气液两相的传质,同时对多管排区域采用实际边界条件,且考虑气液两相的传热过程。溶液的液膜Reynolds数范围为11~38。结果表明,与文献实验对比,相同流量下溶液出口浓度和温度的平均相对误差在2%以内;滴状和柱状流型下,降膜区溶液的平均浓度和温度均迅速下降,管间区先上升后下降,降膜区溶液的局部吸收速率分别约为管间区的10倍和7倍;柱状流型下降膜区的吸收速率明显小于滴状流型,管间区相差很小;吸收达到稳定后,滴状流型下溶液的平均浓度和温度变化均大于柱状流型,四排管降膜区溶液的浓度变化量依次增大,温度变化量依次减小。