补充营养对赤眼蜂寿命及繁殖力的影响

我们通过开门办学,深入农业生产第一线,发现赤眼蜂的大田防治效果,主要由寿命长短和繁殖力大小而定。为此我们进行了补充营养对赤眼蜂寿命及繁殖力影响的研究。一、材料和方法1.供试蜂种稻螟赤眼蜂 Trichogra-mma Japonicum 和澳洲赤眼蜂 Trichogra-mma australicum,由金溪县生物防冶站供给。试验在室内用米蛾(Corcyra cephalo-     

人工繁殖赤眼蜂技术改革

我场是以种植甘蔗为主的综合性农场。于1967年开始释放赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫,随着农业生产的发展,种植甘蔗面积不断扩大,至今已达5万多亩。因而人工繁殖赤眼蜂的工作量也随之增大。过去采用的小木箱繁蜂     

关于赤眼蜂作为生物防治的一些事例

前言 1983年人们才认识利用赤眼蜂作为生物防治手段对付严重而带毁灭性的甘蔗害虫。现今对赤眼蜂需求的增加,足以证明它作为生物防治手段的重要性。对那些应用化学防治不能有效控制的上述害虫,这项技术可很好地用于交替使用。     

应用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治甜菜甘兰夜蛾效果调查

甘兰夜蛾为暴食性害虫,在石河子甜菜产区常造成严重危害,甜菜减产2—4成为此我们应用了赤眼蜂进行防治,现将本所应用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治甘兰夜蛾的效果调查报告如下。一、方法1981年农科所以从陕西眉县引进赤眼蜂,经解剖镜检为松毛虫赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂。室内用柞蚕卵扩繁六代,蜂种混合培育,由于松毛虫赤眼蜂出蜂整齐、生活力强,     

赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫的影响因素

赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫受诸多因素影响,本文从赤眼蜂的寄生特性、气候因素、化学农药的使用、农田环境、放蜂数量和赤眼蜂批量生产等方面进行了概述。     

湛江农垦蔗区应用赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫现状及对策

甘蔗是全球重要的经济作物，但甘蔗螟虫的危害严重影响甘蔗的产量与质量。利用赤眼蜂对甘蔗螟虫进行生物防治，能够高效绿色地提高甘蔗的产量和经济效益。本文主要基于湛江农垦蔗区近年来利用赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫的试验数据结果总结分析出蔗区的防治现状和主要存在的问题，提出优化防治对策和建议，以推进赤眼蜂防治大面积推广示范的工作。     

大面积释放赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫效果及影响防效因素探讨

广西农垦北部湾总场2015~2016年2年连片分别实施2000 hm~2以上释放赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫,2年来,取得了螟虫为害枯心苗率平均下降48.51%、螟害节率下降51.26%、死尾率下降51.56%、原料蔗单产增加21.77 t/hm~2、蔗糖分增加1.83个百分点的良好效果。本文报道了赤眼蜂防螟虫效果,分析了影响赤眼蜂防治螟虫效果的主要因素及提高防效方略。     

蚕蛾综合利用研究

本研究通过对玉米螟生物防治生产中的副产品——雄蚕蛾、蚕蛾头加工成速食雄蚕蛾串、保鲜雄蚕蛾、还阳雄蛾酒、速食蛾头串、即食蚕蛾头、保鲜蚕蛾头等产品．对蚕蛾加以综合利用,从而降低生物防治玉米螟的生产成本,提高赤眼蜂生产的经济效益。同时,为人们提供新的食品资源,增加食品的花色品种,为昆虫食品的发展开辟新径。     

利用赤眼蜂防治甜菜甘兰夜盗虫技术鉴定会在哈尔滨召开

遵照英明领袖华主席抓纲治国的战略决策,根据轻工业部1972年265号文件,利用高效低毒农药和生物制剂防治甜菜病虫害,积极采用生物防治甜菜害虫,减轻农药污染,黑龙江省轻工业局在哈尔滨召开了“利用赤眼蜂防治甜菜甘兰夜盗虫技术鉴定”会议,参加会议的有领导部门、科研和生产单位的代表。代表们参观了哈尔滨市道里区新农公社     

广东甘蔗植保的发展历程(二)——南方9省(区)甘蔗科研大协作阶段

重点介绍全国性甘蔗科研大协作启动至市场经济时期开始前(1973～1992年)的广东甘蔗植保历程。主要包括：甘蔗螟虫性外激素研究,甘蔗害虫的测报基础研究,甘蔗主要害虫及其天敌的调查及新发现、新引进,以及赤眼蜂人工繁殖的新突破;甘蔗害虫生物防治,甘蔗害虫不育技术;有机氯化学农药被替换、高毒农药兴起及害虫抗性与农残监测;甘蔗害虫综合防治,甘蔗病害发生及其研究逐渐得到重视;甘蔗增产增糖的化学调控,蔗田化学除草体系及配套技术,蔗田鼠害发生与防治,以及植保科研生产推广一体化发展道路等。     

新疆乳品中乳酸菌的多样性及耐药性分析

从新疆北部地区采集的样品中分离出103株乳酸菌并进行生理生化表型鉴定,对这些乳酸菌进行16S rRNA基因序列测序,构建系统发育树发现分离的乳酸菌主要为5个属分别为乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳球菌属、魏斯式菌属、明串珠菌属。采用纸片扩散法（K-B）研究不同属中不同乳酸菌对8种常见抗生素的耐药性分析。耐药性研究表明,分别有6株对链霉素、新霉素有耐药性,5株对红霉素有耐药性,7株对卡那霉素有耐药性,8株全部对萘啶酸具有耐药性,4株对万古霉素、四环素具有耐药性,2株对头孢唑肟存在耐药性。     

Drug resistance, plasmids, biotypes and susceptibility to bacteriophages of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Canada

Salmonella isolates from 295 layer and 294 broiler flocks in Canada were examined to determine resistance to antimicrobial agents, plasmid profiles, biochemical properties, and susceptibility to polyvalent bacteriophages. Except for the high number of strains resistant to spectinomycin (97.8%), the frequency of drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from layer flocks was low. None of 457 isolates from layer flocks was resistant to amikacin or ciprofloxacin, and less than 2% of the strains were resistant to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, and/or polymyxin B. About 3% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and/or tetracycline, whereas 8% of the strains were resistant to sulfisoxazole. Salmonella anatum var. O15 + and S. typhimurium var. copenhagen strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. None of 1159 Salmonella strains from broiler flocks was resistant to amikacin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin or polymyxin B, less than 1% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, 2% were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and/or chloramphenicol; 5–7% were resistant to the aminoglycosides gentamicin, kanamycin and/or neomycin; 6% were resistant to nitrofurantoin; 10% to tetracycline; 14% to sulfisoxazole; and 99% to spectinomycin. A high percentage of S. binza, S. anatum var. O15 +, S. schwarzengrund and S. heidelberg strains were resistant to antimicrobial agents. Some of the single or multiple resistances were encoded by conjugative plasmids or by plasmids that were thermosensitive for transfer. Eight percent of S. heigelberg strains did not produce hydrogen sulfide. Ninety-seven percent of the Salmonella strains were susceptible to the lytic effect of polyvalent bacteriophages.     

Effects of process stages on Turkish delight/lokum microbiological quality

The sources of microbiological contamination at the lokum production lines of two local confectionaries were determined. Surface samples from the production lines were evaluated by standard and ATP bioluminescence methods. Microbial loads of raw materials were also determined. The trays and cutting knives were found to be the primary contamination sources, and personnel hands were found to be the secondary contamination sources, while all of them were found to be the secondary sources when the standard swab method was applied. Raw materials were not sources of contamination, because of their microbiological loads and the following high‐temperature cooking stages. The microbial loads of lokum also were not high, due to product contents and the processes applied to lokum. There is a need for further studies related to the effects of process steps on the physical and the chemical quality of lokum. Training for workers in food safety at the confectionaries is also needed.     

Looks like chicken: Exploring the law of similarity in evaluation of foods of animal origin and their vegan substitutes

Eighty omnivorous college students (four groups of 20) given chocolate milk, macaroni and cheese, chicken tenders and meatballs, or vegan substitutes for those four foods, were told either that they were eating the animal products or vegan substitutes. We expected the subjects who were told that they were eating vegan foods to rate those foods as less familiar and therefore expected them to be less willing to try them. We also thought that the subjects would expect those foods to taste worse and be more dangerous and disgusting, particularly the “flesh foods” and their vegan substitutes (chicken tenders and meatballs). Prior to eating the products, no difference was found in ratings of familiarity, willingness to try, anticipated distaste, danger, or disgust between those subjects shown the products of animal origin and those shown the vegan substitutes for those products nor between subjects told they were viewing animal or vegan products. However, there were differences between the meatball and the other foods on these measures regardless of what they were told about them (animal or vegan). All meatballs were rated as less familiar and more disgusting than the other foods and more dangerous than the chicken tender. Subjects expected the meatballs to taste worse than the other foods and were less willing to try them. Once they tasted the products, they rated the taste of the foods they were told were vegan better than those they were told were of animal origin. Vegan products that resemble animal products are responded to similarly to their animal counterparts as predicted by the law of similarity, one of the laws of sympathetic magic.     

深圳市畜禽产品中沙门氏菌血清型与耐药性研究

目的了解深圳市畜禽产品检出的沙门氏菌的血清型与耐药性。方法选取2013~2015年分离出的70株沙门氏菌,进行血清型鉴定和药物敏感性试验。结果共确定了18个血清型,以伦敦沙门氏菌检出数量最多。药敏试验结果显示,70株沙门氏菌有24种多重耐药谱,全部菌株对头孢唑啉、阿米卡星和庆大霉素耐药,对厄他培南、亚胺培南和美洛培南敏感。耐药5种及5种以上菌株在猪肉中占78.0%,数量最多。结论建立食源性沙门氏菌耐药性的长期监测机制,对该病原菌的防控及指导养殖业和临床合理用药具有现实和医学意义。     

Data collection and assessment of commonly consumed foods and recipes in six geo-political zones in Nigeria: Important for the development of a National Food Composition Database and Dietary Assessment

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to collect and assess commonly consumed foods/recipes from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria for the production of food composition database (FCDB) for dietary assessment. Communities used were selected using a multi-stage sampling plan. Focus group discussions, interviews, recipe documentation, food preparations and literature reviews were employed. Qualitative methods were used to analyse and present data. SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis was used to evaluate the project. A total of 322 recipes were collected out of which 110 were soups. Food consumption patterns across the geographical zones were found to be changing. Variations in recipes and methods of preparation of similar foods were observed. Factors to be considered in the development of a country-specific FCDB were identified. There were challenges with the use of values reported in literature for Nigerian foods. The study justifies the need for a country-specific FCDB that will include traditional recipes.     

降胆固醇红曲霉菌种的筛选

∶固体培养基培养红曲霉,并对４０株红曲霉Ｍｏｎａｃｏｌｉｎ．Ｋ 的产生性能进行了研究．采用薄层层析法进行初筛,获得了８ 株可能具有Ｍｏｎｃｏｌｉｎ Ｋ产生能力的菌株．再用高压液相色谱法对初筛阳性菌进行检测,证实其中３株具有较强的Ｍｏｎａｃｏｌｉｎ Ｋ 生产能力．     

湖北省油菜种植风险的区划研究

选取能概括湖北省油菜种植风险的单产减产10%和20%的概率、单产变异系数、专业化指数、效率指数、旱涝保收指数、水利投入指数、温度距平值、旱灾涝灾指数9个指标,使用系统聚类方法,以湖北省各县油菜种植面临的种植风险不相同的实际情况为依据,对湖北省78个县的油菜种植划分出4个风险等级,发现湖北省油菜种植高风险区集中在湖北省西北部及北部地区,较高风险地区集中在湖北西部、西南部、以及西北部和北部部分地区,中等风险的地区集中在江汉平原,低风险区集中在湖北东北部、东南部和西南部分地区。根据研究结果,提出对不同风险地区实行有针对性的油菜生产促进措施,完善湖北省油菜种植生产布局、发展油菜保险、实行差别费率三点建议。     

蓖麻成熟期胚抑制消减cDNA文库构建及其差异表达基因分析

利用抑制性消减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）技术,以高含油量蓖麻品种油蓖5号开花后第15d胚和36d胚为实验材料构建36d成熟期胚消减cDNA文库。文库的插入片段平均长度约400bp,随机挑取700个克隆进行PCR筛选,获得596个阳性克隆,经过点杂交筛选后选择了521个阳性克隆进行测序。经过同源性比对归并后得到96个差异表达基因,其中包括31个未知基因。已知基因涉及油脂合成、糖的分解、蛋白质贮藏与降解等多个方面。本研究还通过RT—PCR检测了部分可能与蓖麻油脂合成相关基因的差异表达水平,对其可能的功能进行了简要的分析。     

基于质量评价的孔雀石绿快检试剂盒筛选策略

目的建立快速筛选出技术指标合格的市售水产品孔雀石绿残留快速检测试剂盒的方法。方法选用5种市售孔雀石绿快检试剂盒比较其操作步骤、检测时间、提取效率,同时参考SN/T 2775-2011和GB/T19857-2005进行灵敏度、特异性、假阴性率与假阳性率等技术指标测试,提出基于质量评价的试剂盒快速筛选策略。结果 5个品牌的孔雀石绿检测试剂盒质量参差不齐,品牌A、B与C的灵敏度99%,特异性≥85%、假阴性率 1%,假阳性率≤15%,不符合试剂盒评价标准;品牌D与品牌E的灵敏度≥99%、特异性≥85%、假阴性率≤1%,假阳性率≤15%,符合试剂盒评价标准。结论对市场销售的水产品中孔雀石绿残留检测试剂盒要进行采购前、采购中的质量评价,在评价时综合考虑操作步骤的简便性、时效性、评价批次、样品来源等,同时兼顾灵敏度、特异性、假阴性率与假阳性率技术指标,快速筛选出符合标准的试剂盒。