Time domain and steady‐state sensitivity of periodic switched networks to element changes

Switched periodic networks are widely used in power engineering and sensitivities of their steady‐state to element changes are of interest to the designers. The paper develops a method to obtain steady‐state sensitivities for networks in which semiconductor and other switching devices are modelled as ideal short circuits without additional elements. Such modelling has the advantage that switching transients need not be calculated and correct initial conditions after switching are obtained with only four integration steps. It is also shown that sensitivities need not be calculated during the process of reaching the steady‐state. Once the steady‐state is available, integration over two additional periods is sufficient to provide time domain steady state sensitivity to the element changes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

All‐MOS implementation of RC networks for time‐controlled Gaussian spatial filtering

This paper addresses the design and VLSI implementation of MOS‐based RC networks capable of performing time‐controlled Gaussian filtering. In these networks, all the resistors are substituted one by one by a single MOS transistor biased in the ohmic region. The design of this elementary transistor is carefully realized according to the value of the ideal resistor to be emulated. For a prescribed signal range, the MOSFET in triode region delivers an interval of instantaneous resistance values. We demonstrate that, for the elementary 2‐node network, establishing the design equation at a particular point within this interval guarantees minimum error. This equation is then corroborated for networks of arbitrary size by analyzing them from a stochastic point of view. Following the design methodology proposed, the error committed by an MOS‐based grid when compared with its equivalent ideal RC network is, despite the intrinsic nonlinearities of the transistors, below 1% even under mismatch conditions of 10%. In terms of image processing, this error hardly affects the outcome, which is perceptually equivalent to that of the ideal network. These results, extracted from simulation, are verified in a prototype vision chip with QCIF resolution manufactured in the AMS 0.35µm CMOS‐OPTO process. This prototype incorporates a focal‐plane MOS‐based RC network that performs fully programmable Gaussian filtering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of power‐efficient wireless mesh networks in outdoor and indoor environments in Japan

This paper proposes the optimization of power‐efficient wireless mesh networks in outdoor and indoor environments, particularly for gas metering in Japan. We investigate the effect on total power consumption by changing the output power and allocated frequency band of a gas metering system. From the simulation results, we show that these changes are effective in achieving low power consumption. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of predistorted reflection‐mode hybrid prototype networks with symmetrical and asymmetrical characteristics

A new technique for predistorting filter transfer functions to compensate for the dissipative losses present in the resonator elements is introduced. The method is based on the formation of two admittances from lossless transfer functions. Each admittance is then individually predistorted and connected to a 3‐dB hybrid coupler. A simulated numerical example demonstrates that the method is capable of designing network prototypes with a combined predistorted reflection and transmission functions. Tables of prototype element values for elliptic lowpass/highpass functions are also provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无源光网络和工业以太网交换机技术在配电网分布式控制中的应用研究

根据配电网分布式控制业务的特点及对通信系统的要求,采用光纤通信方式,给出无源光网络（Ethernet passive optical network,EPON）和工业以太网交换机技术用于配电网分布式控制的解决方案,并对系统实时性要求进行分析计算,给出工程应用中具体设备及时延需求估算系统最大节点数量的关系式;最后,将该关系式用于配电网自动化实时传输时延要求和IEC61850标准中面向通用对象的变电站事件（generic object oriented substation event,GOOSE）报文传输延时要求的计算,计算结果表明2种技术均满足系统实时性要求。     

配电网抗灾变性分析及其在配电网规划安全运行中的应用

为评价配电阿抗灾变能力井指导规划、运行和故障处理。建立了配电网抗灾变能力的分析评价体系，定义了不安全概率PD、风险系数KD、抗灾变系数K、网架抗灾变率H和配电网静态安全率R等指标，论述扰灾变性分析的方法，讨论了利用上述指标科学地进行配电网规划、确保安全运行和在紧急状态下大面积断电快述恢复的方法。分析表明：PD和KD反映了配电网和电气设备的安全程度，H反映了配电网架的坚强性，R反映了电气设备容量对配电网抗灾变性的限制，并反映了配电网的总体抗灾变性；抗灾变性分析对于发现配电网的薄弱环节、有针对性地进行改造具有指导意义，也是确保配电网安全运行和避免长时间大面积停电的重要手段。实例表明提出的方法是可行的。     

Optimal memoryless regulator of large‐scale systems with time delays in the interconnections and the states via decentralized control

A method to construct optimal memoryless regulators of large‐scale systems with time delays in the interconnections and the states is proposed. Each feedback gain of decentralized control laws is obtained directly from solutions of simultaneous linear matrix inequalities. First, a sufficient condition for the stability of the overall closed‐ loop system is presented. Then it is extended so that the overall system and each subsystem remain stable, even if all or some of the interconnections between subsystems are cut. Lastly, a simplification of the implementation is discussed in the perspective of feedback loop reduction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(4): 42–50, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21191