动荷载作用下铁路路基翻浆冒泥探讨

结合工程实例,对铁路路基翻浆冒泥机理进行系统的总结和评述,分析列车动荷载对路基翻浆冒泥现象的影响,在路基的不同位置埋设土压力盒,对列车荷载传递规律进行监测。     

Effectiveness of a Geocomposite-PVD system in preventing subgrade instability and fluidisation under cyclic loading

Instability of subgrade soil sometimes associated with soil fluidisation can lead to uncontrollable deformation and failure at a critical number of loading cycles for a given cyclic deviator stress and frequency. Although numerous laboratory experiments on the performance of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) and geocomposites have already been carried out in the past, how effectively this combination can mitigate the potential for subgrade fluidisation under repeated (cyclic) loading is still not properly understood. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the integrated role of PVDs and geocomposite in preventing subgrade fluidisation using Dynamic Filtration Apparatus (DFA). Laboratory experiments show that the continuous dissipation of EPWP and the substantial reduction in drainage path lengths by PVDs can prevent subgrade fluidisation at shallow depths, while geocomposite can provide adequate surficial drainage and effective confinement at the ballast/subgrade interface. By measuring the Excess Pore Pressure Gradients (EPPGs) during cyclic loading, the test results convincingly reveal the promising performance of PVD-geocomposite combination under different loading conditions.     

高速列车振动下隧道周边砂土液化研究

以广深港高速铁路狮子洋盾构隧道为背景,考虑流固耦合作用,通过FLAC3D软件对列车荷载引发的地层动力响应进行了数值模拟,分析了列车高速通过隧道时孔隙水压力和超孔压比的变化规律。计算中,采用车辆-轨道耦合模型得到列车轮轨激振力。采用循环活动性准则判别砂土液化。结果表明,高速列车荷载作用下,孔隙水压力增大,超孔压比峰值出现在地表,但其值很小,不会发生液化;两列列车交会通过隧道时,超孔压比近似对称分布,其最大值比单列列车通过情形略有增大。     

Geotextile stabilization of seabeds: large scale experiments

Large-scale laboratory experiments were conducted to validate a Biot consolidation model for cyclic loading of layered seabeds. A three-layered horizontal soil system was modelled as a fine sand covered by a gravel overburden with various geotextiles separating the two unique geologic materials. Soil response was monitored with longitudinal and depth profiled pressure measurements. Monochromatic wave testing conditions were generated for shallow to deep water waves. Experimental results verified the theoretical model, yielding a pore pressure response which was linear with respect to wave amplitude and which decayed hyperbolically with depth. Higher frequencies showed increased depth attenuation. All geotextiles tested functioned to maintain a sharp interface between the soil layers but were shown to be hydraulically transparent.     

Filtration performance of geotextile encasement to minimize the clogging of stone column during soil liquefaction

Stone columns, which are frequently employed to stabilize the liquefiable soil, are susceptible to accumulation of soil particles. The progressive accumulation of the soil particles causes clogging of the stone column which decreases its drainage capacity. The stone column can be encased with geotextile to sustain its long term drainage function. The encasement prevents the movement of the soil particles into the stone pores. In the present paper, a mathematical model is presented to assess the filtration performance of the geotextile encasement to prevent the clogging. The filtration capacity of the geotextile is related to its maximum pore size, porosity and soil characteristics. It is observed that the encased stone column dissipates the excess pore pressure at a faster rate compared to the stone column without encasement. The peak maximum excess pore water pressure (U_max) is not significantly affected due to selection of the opening size of the geotextiles for single earthquake. However, the opening size can significantly affect the peak U_max value for multiple earthquakes. Depending on the capture coefficient of the stone column, the clogging can be fully prevented for higher hydraulic gradient if geotextile with maximum opening size in between D₁₀ to D₅ is used as encasement.     

Effect of clogging of stone column on drainage capacity during soil liquefaction

Stone columns act as vertical drains, and due to their high permeability, allow for the quick dissipation of earthquake induced excess pore water pressure. When water flows through a loose sandy soil, it washes away fine soil particles. The fine sand particles get detached when the hydrodynamic force applied on the soil particles breaks the inter particle bonds between soil grains. These detached soil particles are then migrated by the seepage water. Based on the concentration of the soil particles in the seepage water, these may be captured at the pore constriction of gravels during the flow of water through the stone column. Thus, the clogging of stone column initiates which reduces of the permeability of column. The rate of dissipation of pore water pressure during earthquake is affected due to the clogging of column. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to determine the rate of dissipation of pore water pressure of stone column-reinforced ground by considering the clogging effect of column. The result obtained from the proposed model is verified with the available in-situ experimental data. A parametric study is also performed to investigate the effect of different parameters of the proposed model on the clogging of stone column. It is observed that when the permeability ratio, compressibility ratio and area ratio decrease, the possibility of clogging increases. The peak value of the excess pore water pressure ratio can increase up to around 50% due to clogging.     

Reduction of subgrade fines migration into subbase of flexible pavement using geotextile

Pumping in pavement is defined as traffic-induced migration of saturated subgrade fines into overlying granular layers or onto the surface of the pavement, negatively impacting the performance and service life of the pavement. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of geotextile as a separation and filtration layer in reducing subgrade fines migration. A one-third scale Model Mobile Load Simulator, an accelerated pavement testing device, was used to simulate the cyclic traffic loading on a scaled model of a flexible pavement. The results from three scaled pavement tests were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of geotextile separation and filtration in reducing subgrade fines migration. The three tests had identical configurations, except that a geotextile layer was placed at the interface of subgrade and subbase in one of the tests. The lab testing revealed that, under cyclic traffic conditions, the migration of subgrade fines into subbase was significant. However, using a geotextile at the subgrade-subbase interface significantly reduced the subgrade pumping. At the end of the test, the fines that migrated to the subbase, based on % mass of subbase, were 6.39% in the tests without geotextile and 1.81% in the test with geotextile. An approximately 30% reduction was observed in the amount of pavement rutting when using geotextile at the top of the subgrade. The subgrade soil migration in mass percentage increased with the traffic loading cycles, and more migration occurred in the bottom half than in the top half of the subbase. The study concludes that geotextile can be used as an effective means to reduce pumping of subgrade fines in pavement by providing both separation and filtration.     

铁路路基翻浆冒泥的机理分析和整治研究

对铁路路基的翻浆冒泥、整体软化的机理和整治措施进行了系统的分析，通过实验确定了样品的物理力学性质，采用承压板静载方法进行了现场路基承载力试验对不同处理方法的效果进行了比较，以进一步阻止路基翻浆冒泥和整体软化病害。     

地铁列车振动荷载对穿越泥水盾构泥膜渗透系数的影响

泥水盾构穿越饱和砂土地层中的运营地铁时,在地铁列车振动荷载的作用下,开挖面前方土体中会产生超孔隙水压力,从而降低泥膜承受的压力差,使泥膜回弹,渗透系数增大,进而影响开挖面稳定。通过动三轴试验,研究了不同类型砂土在地铁列车振动荷载的作用下的超孔隙水压力增长规律,并利用改进的Kozeny-Carman公式分析了其对泥膜渗透系数的影响。研究表明:地铁列车振动荷载振幅与在其作用下产生的砂土最大超孔隙水压力之间的关系可用指数函数表示;砂土中粗颗粒间的孔隙起控制作用时的最大动孔压比和泥膜最大渗透系数增大比约为细颗粒间的孔隙起控制作用时的最大动孔压比和泥膜最大渗透系数增大比的50%和60%;当动应力比不大于0.15时,振动荷载振幅的增大对最大动孔压比的增加影响并不明显;相对密实度对最大动孔压比的影响并不明显;卸荷程度相同时,轴向卸荷比水平卸荷对最大动孔压比的影响约大一倍;一般情况下,地铁列车振动荷载最大可使泥膜渗透系数增大约15倍;当泥膜渗透系数不大于7.73×10-8 cm/s时,可不必考虑运营地铁列车振动荷载对泥膜渗透系数的影响。     

循环荷载下砂质混合土孔隙水压力特性研究

通过对各种细颗粒含量的土实施从小到大应变水平的动力循环荷载试验,采用累积损失能量的观点,分别考察了土的细颗粒成分含量、围压、加载频率、加载形式及荷载的不规则性对孔压的影响,提出了孔隙水压力和累积损失能量的归一化方法,建立了砂质混合土的孔隙水压力上升模型,并探讨了模型参数和土的细颗粒成分含量的关系。     

高速列车与路基冻胀相互作用机理

针对高速铁路路基中低含水率、远离地下水的级配碎石等冻胀不敏感性粗颗粒土,却普遍发生冻胀的特殊现象,提出了一个简洁的#x0201c;循环动载诱发冻胀#x0201d;模型,认为高速列车循环荷载会导致地下水位以下饱和地基土中超静孔隙水压力的发展,进而将地下水#x0201c;泵送#x0201d;至冻结线以上,从而为土中独立冰层的形成,及冻胀的发生持续地提供#x0201c;原材料#x0201d;。模拟结果表明,本模型能够很好的揭示上述特殊工程现象发生的原因；同时,新模型对循环荷载诱发冻胀机理的阐述,也为季节性冻土区高速铁路路基冻胀防治研究提供了一种新的思路。     

重载铁路对隧道结构及基底条件影响研究

通过三维模拟,研究了新黄土地层中重载列车的动应力作用,分析了重载铁路对隧道结构形式及基底地层的影响。建议重载隧道均应设置仰拱,矢跨比1/10～1/12,并与边墙圆弧顺接;适当加大仰拱填充厚度;对新黄土地基作加固处理,处理后地基承载力宜适当高出既有隧道规范规定值。     

初始静孔隙水压力对砂土静动力剪切特性影响的试验研究

选取福建标准砂和滹沱河细砂,利用空心圆柱扭剪仪开展了一系列不同初始静孔隙水压力条件下的不排水循环扭剪试验和单调扭剪试验,着重探讨初始静孔隙水压力对超静孔隙水压力发展及其不排水抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明:初始静孔隙水压力对超静孔隙水压力的发展产生显著的影响,从而影响砂土的静动力剪切特性。具体地,在不排水循环剪切过程中,初始静孔隙水压力越大,其超静孔隙水压力发展和变形发展越快;在不排水单调剪切过程中,初始静孔隙水压力越大,在砂土剪胀阶段产生负超静孔隙水压力越大,从而使砂土的强度显著提高。基于试验结果,初步探讨了初始静孔隙水压力对超静孔隙水压力及静动力剪切特性的影响机理。研究表明,研究地下水位以下土体(准饱和土)静动力剪切特性尤其是研究液化问题时,应充分考虑初始静孔隙水压力对砂土抗液化强度的影响,室内试验应根据砂土所处的地下水位深度来决定初始静孔隙水压力(反压)的大小。     

砂土颗粒级配对筋土界面抗剪特性的影响

为了研究砂土与土工合成材料相互作用时筋土界面的抗剪强度以及剪胀特性,采用3种不同级配的砂土分别与土工格栅和土工织物进行室内大型直剪试验,研究不同颗粒级配、密实度、筋材种类以及竖向应力对界面剪切特性的影响,并对界面剪胀系数进行分析。试验结果表明：粗砂和细砂与筋材的界面剪切强度要明显大于粗细混合砂;松砂剪切过程中只有剪缩效应的存在,但密实砂土呈现出明显的剪胀过程;当竖向应力较大时,筋土界面达到峰值剪切强度所需的剪切位移比低应力时大;粗砂与土工格栅作用时达到峰值剪切强度所需的剪切位移比与土工织物作用时大,而细砂则相反。     

Creep behaviour of geosynthetics

Empirical results dealing with rheological properties of some geosynthetics are presented. Creep tests performed on some Polish-made geotextiles are described and discussed within the framework of the standard linear solid (SLS) model. It is shown that the SLS model described by three parameters can serve as a useful low resolution approximation for a range of geosynthetics, for low stress levels which exclude secondary and tertiary creep. The parameters of the SLS model were determined by curve fitting for three types of Polish geotextiles as well as for some other geosynthetics. The problems of creep under increasing load and creep after partial unloading are discussed. Two modified rheological models of geotextiles, which take into account the plastic strains, are proposed.     

波浪对黄河水下三角洲浅表沉积物非均匀改造过程监测与机制研究

 黄河水下三角洲浅表沉积物的空间非均匀性导致了一些地质灾害的发生。为揭示非均匀化形成机制,在实验室模拟波浪对粉土体作用过程并实时监测土体强度、孔压和粒径组分变化。监测结果显示土性非均匀变化和强浪后期改造作用直接相关。强浪作用导致沉积物液化后,细粒物质向上迁移引起垂向非均匀变化的同时,一定深度位置还会出现强度和粒径非均匀体。在三角洲潮滩上原位模拟波浪循环荷载作用,利用电阻率测试等技术监测的土体状态变化特征进一步表明：除垂向迁移过程外,深部液化区细粒物质还会发生横向迁移;两个变化过程共同对浅表沉积物进行非均匀改造。波致超孔隙水压力急剧增大是造成物质迁移的主动力,波浪剪切作用造成的土颗粒横向位移对迁移起促进作用。研究还同时发现波浪作用过程中液化区下部始终有稳定层存在。     

沪宁铁路翻浆冒泥病害的地质雷达检测

根据沪宁线地质雷达检测翻浆冒泥病害的实践，研究了地质雷达检测结果的分析方法，给出路基结构分层及其雷达图像特征。根据翻浆冒泥病害特征提出翻冒通道的概念，揭示了翻浆冒泥病害沿路基深度方向和线路纵向的分布特征，提出根据一段线路翻冒通道的发育和分布型式确定其翻浆冒泥病害分类的方法。应用该方法给出了沪宁线18段共4000多米长的翻浆冒泥和下沉外挤病害线路的地质雷达检测结果，为病害路段的整治设计提供了依据。     

高铁单线路基循环累积变形分析方法及其可靠度分析

 极限状态设计方法是我国铁路工程走向国际的重要步骤,而路基循环累积变形是设计中控制标准之一。基于永久应变经验公式,提出列车荷载作用下路基循环累积变形的预测模型,通过1∶1路基模型试验验证了该预测模型的适用性。在此基础上,引入动应力及路基填料参数的变异性,建立路基循环累积变形的极限状态方程,并根据武广线现场实测数据确定路基面动应力幅值的变异系数。通过可靠度指标对计算参数变异系数的敏感性进行分析,分析动应力及填料参数的变异性等控制因素的影响作用,并确定了变异程度控制范围作为实际工程中的控制标准。可靠度分析的方法考虑了荷载及填料参数的不确定性因素,使得理论预测更加接近工程实际。     

Experimental study on fluidisation behaviour and pressure drop across the centrifugal fluidised bed with static geometry by varying inlets,inlet width and mass of bed particles

Centrifugal fluidised bed with static geometry (CFBSG) is the novel approach of fluidisation which has not yet attracted the attention of IC engine researchers to remove particulate matter. This requires necessitating an understanding of the nature of fluidisation and pressure drop in CFBSG. The present study describes an experimental study on the effect of a number of inlets, inlet width, and mass of bed particles silicon carbide (SiC) on fluidisation and pressure drop across the fluidised bed chamber using air as a medium. Low pressure drop and better partial fluidisation were observed for three- and four-inlet chambers, especially at a higher loading of bed particles. The accumulation of bed particles near inlet and outlet is also drastically reduced as the number of inlet increases. When compared to 5?mm inlet slot chambers, 3?mm inlet slot chambers for any inlet gives better fluidisation with higher pressure drop.     

循环荷载作用下偏压固结饱和粘土孔压模型

动荷载作用下等压固结饱和粘土的孔压模型已有很多,而偏压固结的动孔压模型却鲜见于文献.根据摩尔-库仑极限平衡原理,推导了非等向固结状态下振动孔隙水压力极限值公式,建立了循环荷载作用下偏压固结饱和粘土的孔压数学模型.通过试验验证,所提出的孔压模型是合理的.