生物解离大豆蛋白酶解物体外模拟消化抗氧化活性变化

挤压膨化大豆在生物解离过程中,通过酶解（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）产生的大豆蛋白酶解物（soybean protein hydrolysate,SPH）有良好的抗氧化活性,因此,需要探索模拟胃肠道（gastrointestinal,GI）消化对蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性的影响。分别以蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）酶解得到的SPH和经过模拟GI消化后的产物作为研究对象,采用水解度、氨基酸组成、分子质量分布、氧化自由基吸收能力（oxidative radical absorption capacity,ORAC）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力及2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt,ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力对样品抗氧化活性进行分析。结果显示：相对于风味蛋白酶酶解,采用碱性蛋白酶进行酶解时抗氧化活性更高;但是经过模拟GI消化后,风味蛋白酶酶解得到的SPH抗氧化活性更高,ORAC为69.15 μmol/mg、DPPH自由基清除能力为27.29%、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力为56.21%,肽的相对含量更高,为75.86%,并且肽中具有抗氧化活性的氨基酸含量更高,分子质量小于1 kDa的肽相对含量最高,为17.35%。     

酶解方式对核桃蛋白肽及其抗氧化活性的影响

分别采用7种蛋白酶对核桃蛋白进行单酶水解,并与双酶复合酶解进行比较,考察不同酶解方式对酶解产物水解度、短肽得率和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶单酶酶解核桃蛋白,产物的水解度和短肽得率显著高于其它单酶处理,分别达到18.94%和76.37%,对DPPH自由基清除能力的IC50值仅为3.23mg/mL,抗氧化活性显著高于其它处理;将碱性蛋白酶分别与其它蛋白酶组合酶解,核桃蛋白酶解产物的水解度和短肽得率均有所提高,其中与木瓜蛋白酶组合处理的水解度可达28.36%,短肽得率可提高至85.62%。双酶酶解产物对提高清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的活性不显著,碱性蛋白酶分别与中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶的组合可以显著提高酶解产物清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性。     

鸭蛋清蛋白多肽体外抗氧化活性的研究

对经"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"和"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"双酶分步酶解鸭蛋清蛋白得到的多肽的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,当"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为21%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.76%、84.17%、72.73%和47.59%;当"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为15%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.15%、93.84%、58%和40.51%。产物肽的分子量均分布在小于5300D的范围内。     

酶解制备苦荞蛋白抗氧化肽及其分离纯化研究

以苦荞麦粉为原料,提取苦荞蛋白,分别采用碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶对蛋白进行酶解,采用DPPH法比较不同酶解产物的抗氧化活性,从而筛选水解制备苦荞蛋白抗氧化肽的最适酶。以水解度为指标,利用单因素试验和响应面法优化酶解工艺条件。结果表明,不同蛋白酶酶解产物的抗氧化活性大小为:胃蛋白酶胰蛋白酶碱性蛋白酶,其中胃蛋白酶酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率最高,为68.47%。胃蛋白酶最佳水解工艺条件为:时间2.5 h、温度38℃、pH 2.0,在此条件下苦荞蛋白水解度为32.68%。采用超滤对苦荞蛋白水解物进行分离纯化,结果表明,分子量3 kDa的水解物具有显著的抗氧化活性;经凝胶过滤色谱进一步分离得到3个峰,小分子量峰组分显示出最强的抗氧化活性。     

鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)蛋白抗氧化肽的酶解制备及结构鉴定

为了制备具有较强抗氧化活性的鲈鱼蛋白肽段,采用风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、Alcalase 2.4 L、中性蛋白酶及木瓜蛋白酶等5种商业蛋白酶在其最适宜作用条件下水解鲈鱼鱼肉蛋白,比较分析了鲈鱼酶解产物的水解度(DH)、蛋白回收率和抗氧化活性(氧自由基吸收能力和ABTS自由基清除能力),用超高压液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分离鉴定具有较好抗氧化活性酶解产物的肽段结构,并进一步合成肽段验证其活性。结果发现:鲈鱼蛋白的木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物不仅具有最高的DH和蛋白回收率,分别为25.61%和78.71%,同时具有最强的抗氧化活性,其ORAC值为783.56μmol TE/g,TEAC值为734.55μmol TE/g。采用UPLC-MS/MS分析鉴定木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物,共得到9条肽段,其中3条肽段具有显著抗氧化活性,分别是EYGTVVVFQ,HRDRLCVVQ和GGGAGMLLK,且EYGTVVVFQ抗氧化活性最强,其ORAC值和TEAC值分别为为1.43μmol TE/μmol和2.34μmol TE/μmol。本研究结果为深入研究开发鲈鱼抗氧化肽和海洋蛋白资源提供了更多理论基础。     

玉米蛋白粉的预处理方法的比较及其酶解液的脱色工艺研究

玉米酶水解物是通过用商业酶水解玉米蛋白粉而制备。玉米蛋白粉的蛋白酶切位点被包被,酶解效率低,且酶解液呈棕黄色,以及不利于后续多肽的分离纯化影响感官效果。本研究对玉米蛋白粉预处理方法比较,确定了用加热和α淀粉酶对玉米蛋白粉进行预处理,提高酶解效率。用活性炭对玉米酶解液进行脱色处理,以脱色率和蛋白损失率为指标,确定最优脱色条件：脱色pH为5、脱色温度为40 ℃、活性炭用量为2%。并通过对脱色玉米肽抗氧化活性的考察,发现活性炭脱色后,玉米肽对DPPH清除率、ABTS清除率、ORAC清除率均有不同程度的下降,脱色前对DPPH的清除率为93.11%,对ABTS的清除率为1318.97 μmol TE/g,对ORAC的清除率为1192.39 μmol TE/g,脱色后对DPPH的清除率为33.19%,对ABTS的清除率为858.36 μmol TE/g,对ORAC的清除率为582.62 μmol TE/g,仍然保留较好的抗氧化活性。对脱色玉米肽进行ADH激活率和水解氨基酸测定发现,其对ADH的激活率为48.74%,并仍含有高含量的亮氨酸和丙氨酸,说明脱色玉米肽仍具有醒酒活性。     

酶解牡丹籽粕蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

利用制备的牡丹籽粕蛋白为原料,对其进行酶解以获得具有抗氧化活性的多肽,为牡丹籽粕的精深加工提供理论依据。首先进行蛋白酶的筛选,选取最佳的碱性蛋白酶对碱溶酸沉法制备的牡丹籽饼粕蛋白进行酶解;以水解度和DPPH自由基清除力为指标进行单因素实验,分别考察底物浓度、酶解时间、加酶量、pH和酶解温度对制备抗氧化活性肽的影响;以DPPH自由基清除力为响应值,对牡丹籽粕蛋白抗氧化肽的制备工艺进行响应面法优化,确定的最佳制备工艺为:底物浓度0.7%、酶解时间2 h、酶用量4.60%、酶解温度56℃和pH8.0。抗氧化实验结果表明,制备的抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基的清除率为52.49%;经17种水解氨基酸组成分析证明,必需氨基酸占水解氨基酸总量的32.24%,具有较高的营养价值。     

刺参不同酶解产物的抗氧化活性分析

为了探究刺参不同酶解产物的抗氧化活性,外源添加了3种蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶）酶解鲜活刺参。测定了不同蛋白酶组的水解度、分子量分布、3种自由基（DPPH∙、O2-∙、∙OH）的清除率。结果表明：空白组水解度随着酶解时间的延长没有明显差异,蛋白酶组的水解度与酶解时间呈正相关关系,不同蛋白酶组水解度高低顺序为,中性蛋白酶>碱性蛋白酶>木瓜蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶组最高为19.4%,木瓜蛋白酶组最低为16.1%;酶解后大分子量片段减少,<200 u的氨基酸片段增加;碱性蛋白酶组,酶解时间1 h,粗肽得率最高达到64.2%。酶解时间2 h内,蛋白酶酶解后酶解液的抗氧化能力比未处理的样品明显提高,并且与酶解液浓度呈正相关关系;质量浓度为5 mg/mL的中性蛋白酶组（酶解0.5 h）,DPPH∙清除率可达到79.64%;碱性蛋白酶组3 h,∙O2-清除率为49.58%,0.5 h∙OH清除率最高为21.78%。综上所述,在抗氧化活性方面,中性蛋白酶酶解产物在外源添加的三种蛋白酶中效果最好,外源添加蛋白酶是提高刺参蛋白利用率的有效方式。     

酶解黄秋葵籽蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

利用制备的黄秋葵籽粕蛋白为原料,采用酶解法以获得具有抗氧化活性的多肽,为黄秋葵籽粕的精深加工提供理论依据。首先进行蛋白酶的筛选,选取最佳的碱性蛋白酶对碱溶酸沉法制备的黄秋葵籽粕蛋白进行酶解;以水解度和DPPH自由基清除力为指标进行单因素试验,分别考察底物浓度、酶解时间、加酶量、pH值和酶解温度对制备抗氧化活性肽的影响;然后应用响应面法,以DPPH自由基清除力为响应值,对黄秋葵籽粕蛋白抗氧化肽的制备工艺进行优化,确定的最佳制备工艺参数为:底物浓度0.7%、酶解时间3.8 h、酶用量6%、酶解温度50℃和pH 8.0。抗氧化试验结果表明,制备的抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基的清除率为50.83%。     

银鲳酶解物抗氧化活性研究

选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对银鲳蛋白进行酶解以制备蛋白酶解物,以羟基自由基清除活性为指标确定银鲳最佳水解酶。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶的水解物抗氧化活性最强。实验对碱性蛋白酶水解银鲳的酶解条件(时间、温度、pH、酶添加量和固液比)进行正交实验设计,并对最佳水解条件下所获得的酶解物进行抗氧化活性测试。结果表明,银鲳蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基具有清除作用,其自由基清除效果呈现剂量依赖性,而且银鲳蛋白水解物还具有明显还原能力。所有这些体外抗氧化数据说明,银鲳蛋白水解物有明显的抗氧化效力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press