Mg-Al-Ce水滑石吸附去除水中的硼（英文）

用共沉淀法成功制备了镁铝铈水滑石(Mg-Al-Ce-HT),采用不同分析手段对材料进行表征。通过静态吸附实验研究了Mg-Al-Ce-HT的吸附效率与初始pH、吸附剂剂量、初始硼酸浓度和接触时间的关系。当pH小于8.0时,溶液的pH对硼吸附几乎没有影响,当pH超过8.0时,吸附容量降低。吸附剂的最佳用量为200 mg,最大吸附容量为32.52mg·g–1。硼去除量在160min内达到平衡。吸附等温线表明吸附过程是一个非自发的吸热过程。吸附数据与Langmuir模型拟合良好,表明吸附是单层吸附。     

层状双金属氧化物吸附溶液中硼的性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成层状双金属氢氧化物并经过高温煅烧后形成层状双金属氧化物,用扫描电子显微镜对样品进行了表征。研究了层状双金属氧化物对硼的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,层状双金属氧化物对模拟废液中的硼有很好的吸附效果,当溶液pH值=9.5、吸附剂用量为0.20g、硼初始浓度为100mg/L、反应时间为100min、温度为303K时对硼的去除率为94.47%,吸附量为47.24mg/g。等温吸附研究结果表明,Langmuir模型能更好地描述吸附过程,表明Mg/AlLDO对硼的吸附主要发生在Mg/Al-LDO表面的活性区域,属于饱和单分子层吸附。     

柠檬酸接枝苎麻纤维铀吸附及抗菌性能EI北大核心CSCD

核能开发会产生大量含铀废水,危害生态环境和人类健康。文中通过酯化法制备了柠檬酸接枝苎麻纤维吸附剂,用于去除水溶液中的铀。研究了铀酰离子初始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附时间、温度等条件对吸附剂性能的影响。结果表明,当铀酰离子初始浓度为20mg/L、溶液pH=6、吸附剂的投加量为0.02g/L、吸附时间为12h时达到吸附平衡,最大吸附容量为397mg-U/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型。另外,吸附剂对大肠杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

改性亚麻屑纤维素对活性翠蓝染料的吸附性能研究

采用环氧氯丙烷和三乙胺对分离出来的亚麻屑纤维素进行改性,制备了一种新型吸附剂。采用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分别观察了所制备的吸附剂的表面形貌并分析了主要官能团,研究了其对活性翠蓝染料的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、染料初始浓度及pH等对吸附的影响。结果表明,随时间延长吸附容量逐渐增加,180 min后吸附即可达到平衡,升高温度有利于吸附反应的进行,40℃时最大吸附容量为198.45 mg/g;染料初始浓度较高时,吸附容量较大,吸附受pH的影响较为明显。     

改性凹凸棒土吸附剂去除水中的Cr(VI)

以凹凸棒土为载体,合成了乙二胺(EDA)改性凹凸棒土(ATP)吸附剂EDA/ATP复合材料。采用FTIR、TGA对吸附剂进行表征,同时将其应用于对水中Cr(VI)的吸附,研究了溶液初始浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH、Cl?与PO₄3?阴离子浓度对吸附的影响。FTIR和TGA结果表明乙二胺已成功接枝到凹凸棒土表面。吸附实验表明,25℃时EDA/ATP复合材料对Cr(VI)的最大吸附容量为153.78 mg·g?1,吸附在800~900 min内达到平衡,吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温模型和拟二级动力学模型;在初始溶液pH为2~10条件下,随着pH的增加,吸附量先增加再降低,pH为3时,吸附量最大;Cl?对吸附影响较小,PO₄3?对吸附的影响较大,当PO₄3?浓度达到20 mmol·L?1时,Cr(VI)最大吸附量下降了83 mg·g?1;实验表明EDA/ATP可作为一种潜在处理水中Cr(VI)的吸附剂。      

杨树叶干粉吸附结晶紫染料的响应曲面法研究

利用杨树叶干粉对模拟结晶紫染料废水进行吸附去除,并借助Box-Behnken响应曲面法对吸附条件进行优化。实验结果表明,pH值、吸附剂投加量、温度和染料初始浓度均对结晶紫在杨树叶表面的吸附产生明显的影响。当pH为8.42、吸附剂剂量为0.1g、温度为25℃和溶液初始浓度为100mg/L时,该材料对结晶紫的最大去除率可达99.9%,表明杨树叶干粉是一种极具潜力的新型染料吸附剂。     

改性MCM-41的制备及其吸附Cr_2O_7~(2-)的热力学研究

以微硅粉为硅源,CTAB和PEG-6000为模板剂,采用水热法制备得到MCM-41介孔分子筛。以该MCM-41为载体,采用后接枝法将巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷引入到MCM-41的表面和孔道内,合成了巯基功能化的MCM-41介孔分子筛(SH-MCM-41),并采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附曲线和FT-IR对样品进行了表征。以巯基功能化的样品为吸附剂,对含Cr2O2-7的溶液进行了静态吸附实验,研究了pH值和初始浓度对吸附剂吸附性能的影响,探讨了吸附过程的热力学。结果表明,吸附剂吸附量随初始浓度和温度升高而增加,当pH值为1时吸附容量最大,达25.5mg/g。不同温度下Langmuir方程均呈现很好的拟合度,热力学平衡方程计算得ΔG0,ΔH=14.2kJ/mol,ΔS0,表明该吸附过程是自发的、吸热、熵增加的过程。     

白酒糟对刚果红和孔雀石绿的吸附机理研究

采用白酒糟吸附剂对模拟印染废水中刚果红(CR)和孔雀石绿(MG)进行生物吸附处理。在染料初始质量浓度100mg/L、吸附时间80min的条件下,当刚果红废水初始pH=7.0,白酒糟投加量为2g/L时,白酒糟对刚果红的吸附率为96.94%;当孔雀石绿废水初始pH=9.0,白酒糟投加量4g/L时,白酒糟对孔雀石绿的吸附率为95.12%。动力学研究表明,白酒糟对两种染料的吸附过程均符合准二阶动力学方程,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。使用Freundlich等温吸附方程可较好的拟合白酒糟对两种染料的吸附,说明该吸附是以多分子层吸附为主。     

玉米须吸附剂去除水溶液中Pb2+的研究

利用废弃物玉米须制备生物质吸附剂,研究其对废水中重金属Pb2+的吸附效果。考察体系pH值、Pb2+初始浓度、吸附剂添加量以及共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+对吸附率的影响。结果表明:在25℃,玉米须吸附Pb2+的最佳pH值为4.0;吸附剂添加量为0.150g,金属初始浓度为40mg/L时,吸附率高达99%以上。其动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir-Freundlich模型成功拟合了平衡数据,由该模型所得吸附剂的最大吸附容量为68.533mg/g。利用Zeta电位仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜进一步探讨玉米须对重金属的吸附机理。结果表明:玉米须外表面遍布墙形褶皱,断面存在孔道,这有利于对Pb2+的吸附;当体系pH>2.0时,玉米须颗粒表面带负电,可以和Pb2+发生静电吸附;-COOH、-OH、-C=O等含氧官能团参与了吸附过程。     

壳聚糖固化柿子单宁对Au~(3+)吸附特性的研究

以富含单宁的柿子粉和壳聚糖为原料,戊二醛作交联剂,制备出一种高效的柿子单宁吸附材料,系统研究了溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、温度因素对其吸附Au3+性能的影响。结果表明:pH值和吸附剂用量对吸附Au3+作用明显,柿子单宁的邻位酚羟基能将Au3+还原成单质金。在303K、pH=3.0、Au3+的初始质量浓度为350mg/L时,柿子单宁吸附材料对Au3+的吸附容量达到1500mg/g,其吸附等温线和吸附动力学可用Langmuir方程和拟二级速率方程来描述。研究表明,固化柿子单宁是一种具有应用前景的贵金属富集吸附材料。     

Removal of boron from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption on calcined alunite using experimental design

In the present paper, boron removal from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption was investigated and 2(3) full factorial design was applied. Calcined alunite was used as adsorbent. In the study, three parameters affected the performance and two levels of these parameters were investigated. The chosen parameters were temperature (25 and 45 degrees C, respectively), pH (3 and 10) and mass of adsorbent (0.5 g adsorbent per 25 mL solution and 1g adsorbent per 25 mL solution). The significance of the effects was checked by analysis of variance (statistical software, MINITAB-Version 15). The model-function equation for boron adsorption on calcined alunite was obtained. The results showed that temperature, pH and mass of adsorbent affected boron removal by adsorption. Boron removal increased with increasing pH and adsorbent dosage, but decreased with increasing temperature. The optimum conditions were found as pH 10, adsorbent dosage=1g of calcined alunite per 25 mL solution and temperature=25 degrees C by using factorial design. In addition, the effects of parameters such as calcination temperature, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial boron concentration on boron removal were investigated. The adsorption isotherm studies were also performed. Maximum adsorbent capacity (q(0)) was calculated as 3.39 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (DeltaG degrees), enthalpy (DeltaH degrees) and entropy (DeltaS degrees) were also determined.     

Removal of excess fluoride from water using waste residue from alum manufacturing process

The ability of waste residue, generated from alum manufacturing process, to remove fluoride ion from water has been investigated. Series of batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess parameters that influence the adsorption process. The factors investigated include the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, thermal pretreatment of the adsorbent, neutralization of the adsorbent, initial fluoride concentration, pH of the solution and effect of co-existing anions. Results showed that Adsorption of fluoride is fairly rapid in first 5min and thereafter increases slowly to reach the equilibrium in about 1h. The removal efficiency of fluoride was increased with adsorbent dosage. About 85% removal efficiency was obtained within 1h at an optimum adsorbent dose of 16g/L for initial fluoride concentration of 10mg/L. Heat treatment and surface neutralization of the adsorbent did not improve the fluoride removal capacity and efficiency. The amount of fluoride adsorbed increased with increasing initial fluoride concentration. The percentage of fluoride removal remains nearly constant within the pH range of 3-8. The adsorption data at ambient pH were well fitted to the Dubinin-Radushkevick (D-R) isotherm model with a capacity of 332.5mg/g of the adsorbent. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow a pseudo-second-order rate equation with an average rate constant of 2.25gmin(-1)mg(-1). The presence of bicarbonate at higher concentrations (100-500mg/L) decreased the fluoride removal efficiency while other anions (chloride, sulfate, phosphate and nitrate) have no significant effect within the concentration range tested. The overall result shows that the waste residue is efficient defluoridating material.     

Boron removal from aqueous solutions by activated carbon impregnated with salicylic acid

In this study, the removal of boric acid from aqueous solution by activated carbon impregnated with salicylic acid was studied in batch system. pH, adsorbent amount, initial boron concentration, temperature, shaking rate and salicylic acid film thickness were chosen as parameters. Boron removal efficiencies increased with increasing adsorbent amount, temperature and pH, decreasing initial boron concentration. As thickness of salicylic acid film on activated carbon becomes thin up to 0.088nm, the efficiency increased, and then, the efficiency decreased with becoming thinner than 0.088nm of salicylic acid film. Shaking rate was no effect on removal efficiency. In result, it was determined that the use of salicylic acid as an impregnant for activated carbon led to the increase of the amount of boron adsorbed. A lactone ring, being the most appropriate conformation, forms between boric acid and -COOH and -OH groups of salicylic acid.     

Adsorption of boron from aqueous solutions using fly ash: batch and column studies

In the present paper, boron removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption was investigated. Fly ash particle size used in adsorption experiments was between 250 and 400 microm. During the experimental part of this study, the effect of parameters such as pH, agitation time, initial boron concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and foreign ion on boron removal were observed. In addition, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm studies and column studies were made. Maximum boron removal was obtained at pH 2 and 25 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (DeltaG degrees), enthalpy (DeltaH degrees), entropy (DeltaS degrees) were also determined. As a result of the kinetic studies, it was observed that the adsorption data conforms to the second degree kinetics model. In the isotherm studies, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied and it was determined that the experimental data conformed to Langmuir isotherm model. Batch adsorbent capacity (q(o)) was calculated as 20.9 mg/g. The capacity value for column study was obtained by graphical integration as 46.2 mg/g. The Thomas and the Yoon-Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristics parameters of the column useful for process design.     

Boron removal from geothermal waters by electrocoagulation

Most of the geothermal waters in Turkey contain extremely high concentration of boron when they are used for irrigation. The use of geothermal waters for irrigation can results in excess amount deposition of boron in soil. On the other hand, a minimal boron concentration is required for irrigational waters. In this study, electrocoagulation (EC) was selected as a treatment process for the removal of boron from thermal waters obtained from Ilica-Erzurum in Turkey. Current density (CD), pH of solution and temperature of solution were selected as operational parameters. The results showed that boron removal efficiency increased from pH 4.0 to 8.0 and decreased at pH 10.0. Although boron removal efficiency was highest at pH 8.0, energy consumption was very high at this pH value compared to other pH intervals. Boron removal efficiency reached to 95% with increasing current density from 1.5 to 6.0 mA/cm(2), but energy consumption was also increased in this interval. At higher temperatures of solution, such as 313 and 333 K, boron removal efficiency increased. At optimum conditions, boron removal efficiency in geothermal water reached up to 95%.     

The investigation of parameters affecting boron removal by electrocoagulation method

Boron removal from wastewaters by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrode material was investigated in this paper. Several working parameters, such as pH, current density, boron concentration and type and concentration of supporting electrolyte were studied in an attempt to achieve a higher removal capacity. The experiments were carried out by keeping the pH of solution constant and optimum pH of solution was determined 8.0 for the aluminum electrode. Although energy consumption increased with decreasing boron concentration, which conductivity of these solutions were low, boron removal efficiency was higher at 100 mg/L than that of 1000 mg/L. Current density was an important parameter affecting removal efficiency. Boron removal efficiency and energy consumption increased with increasing current density from 1.2 to 6.0 mA/cm2. The types of different supporting electrolyte were experimented in order to investigate to this parameter effect on boron removal. The highest boron removal efficiency, 97%, was found by CaCl2. Added CaCl2 increased more the conductivity of solution according to other supporting electrolytes, but decreased energy consumption. The results showed to have a high effectiveness of the electrocoagulation method in removing boron from aqueous solutions.     

Fluoride removal on Fe–Al-impregnated granular ceramic adsorbent from aqueous solution

A novel Fe–Al-impregnated granular ceramic adsorbent has been developed for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effect of contact time, initial pH, adsorbent dose, and the presence of competing anions on the adsorption of fluoride. More than 96 % removal of fluoride was achieved within 48 h from 10 mg/L initial fluoride solution at neutral pH. The adsorption process was well explained with pseudo-second-order and pore diffusion models. The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent for fluoride removal was 3.56 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model. The optimum fluoride removal efficiency was observed between pH ranged of 4.0–9.0. The fluoride removal efficiency was significantly decreased in the presence of carbonate and phosphate anions. Results from this study demonstrated potential utility of Fe–Al-impregnated granular ceramic adsorbent that could be developed into a viable method for fluoride removal from aqueous solution.     

Study the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on hydroxyapatite nanopowders

In this study, the hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowders prepared by chemical precipitation method were used as the adsorbent, and the potential of HAp nanopowders for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was studied. The effect of contact time, initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature and adsorbent calcining temperature on the phenol adsorption, and the adsorption kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results showed that the HAp nanopowders possessed good adsorption ability to phenol. The adsorption process was fast, and it reached equilibrium in 2h of contact. The initial phenol concentration, pH and the adsorbent calcining temperature played obvious effects on the phenol adsorption capacity onto HAp nanopowders. Increase in the initial phenol concentration could effectively increase the phenol adsorption capacity. At the same time, increase in the pH to high-acidity or to high-alkalinity also resulted in the increase in the phenol adsorption capacity. Increase in the HAp dosage could effectively increase the phenol adsorption percent. However, the higher calcining temperature of HAp nanopowders could obviously decrease the adsorption capacity. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity was obtained as 10.33mg/g for 400mg/L initial phenol concentrations at pH 6.4 and 60 degrees C. The adsorption kinetic and the isotherm studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm were the best choices to describe the adsorption behaviors. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of phenol onto HAp was physisorption, spontaneous and endothermic in nature.     

Removal of boron from aqueous solution by using neutralized red mud

The adsorptive removal of boron from aqueous solution by using the neutralized red mud was studied in batch equilibration technique. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial boron concentration and contact time on the adsorption were investigated. The experiments demonstrated that boron removal was of a little fluctuation in pH range of 2-7 and it takes 20 min to attain equilibrium. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model represented the measured sorption data well.