亲水作用色谱-蒸发光散射法测定核桃乳中糖醇含量及其热稳定性研究

建立了亲水作用色谱-蒸发光散射法同时测定核桃乳中木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇的含量,并研究了在121℃下,pH和加热时间对4种糖醇热稳定性的影响。结果表明:赤藓糖醇和木糖醇在0.08~1.25 mg/mL范围内线性良好,山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇在0.05~1.45 mg/mL范围内线性良好,精密度RSD3.5%(n=6),加标回收率为96.9%~103.1%;木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇在121℃加热条件下稳定性较好,加热残留率为83.03%~99.72%,4种糖醇的热稳定性随pH的增加而提高,随加热时间的延长而降低,且赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇的热稳定性要优于山梨糖醇。     

不同糖醇对绿茶卡仕达酱品质特性的影响

在不添加增稠剂的情况下,以三种糖醇(麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇)分别替代蔗糖,制备低脂无糖的绿茶卡仕达酱,研究不同糖醇对绿茶卡仕达酱感官品质、色度、贮藏稳定性、流变特性以及质构的影响。结果表明:三组糖醇与蔗糖组在甜味方面并无显著差异,糖醇可作为良好的糖替代品,木糖醇组具有良好的色泽和甜味,综合得分7.53,赤藓糖醇组具有良好的口感和涂抹性,综合得分7.40。与蔗糖组相比,三种糖醇均可提高绿茶卡仕达酱产品亮度(L*),木糖醇组绿色最深,a*值绝对值为1.62。麦芽糖醇和木糖醇均使样品贮藏稳定性有明显下降,赤藓糖醇组的稳定性与蔗糖组最为接近,脱水收缩值为1.33%。所有样品均表现出剪切变稀的假塑性,添加糖醇使样品粘弹性较蔗糖组有明显下降。麦芽糖醇组硬度和稠度最大,赤藓糖醇组粘聚性和粘度最小,涂抹性最佳。     

糖醇类营养型合成甜味剂的开发与应用

糖醇类合成甜味剂具有低甜度、低热量、营养型、安全性高、口感好、不引发龋齿、不影响血糖值等特点,可广泛应用于食品工业中,是一种典型的功能性食品添加剂。它的主要品种有山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽糖醇、甘露糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇等。     

填充剂对减糖冰淇淋质构特性的影响

随着人们减糖意识的提高,减糖冰淇淋的开发也得到了极大关注。然而,由于蔗糖在冰淇淋体系中除了提供甜味,对冰淇淋的质构特性也起了非常重要的作用,这也是目前研发减糖冰淇淋面临的巨大挑战。为了研究不同填充剂对减糖冰淇淋质构特性的影响,分别采用质量分数为10%的蔗糖、糖醇（山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇）、可溶性膳食纤维（抗性糊精、聚葡萄糖）、可溶性糊精（麦芽糊精）作为填充剂制备冰淇淋样品,并对各冰淇淋样品的质构特性及关键理化特性进行了系统比较。结果表明,聚葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇和抗性糊精填充样品与蔗糖填充样品感官质构轮廓最为相近。赤藓糖醇和麦芽糊精填充样品硬度过高、可塑性低、铺展性差;而山梨糖醇和木糖醇填充样品硬度较低、泡沫感强。糖醇类填充样品在浆料黏度、粒径分布、摩擦学性质上比较接近蔗糖填充样品;麦芽糖醇填充样品的热力学特性与蔗糖填充样品相似;膳食纤维和糊精填充样品具有较低的摩擦系数,润滑性能更好。可见,在无糖或减糖冰淇淋的开发中,采用麦芽糖醇配合聚葡萄糖或抗性糊精作为填充剂,可达到和蔗糖填充剂所制产品相似的质构品质。     

添加不同类型糖醇对果胶凝胶糖果质构的影响

该试验主要探究不同类型糖醇对凝胶糖果质构的影响。通过常规软糖的制备工艺,得到各类型糖醇的软糖样品,对样品进行质构仪TPA检测分析、感官评分、常温考察,分析不同糖醇类型样品的质构及质量品质。试验数据显示:果胶凝胶糖果添加麦芽糖醇液、异麦芽酮糖醇及山梨糖醇,软糖产品质量相对稳定,山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇添加量和甘露糖醇添加量应分别控制在<12%,<6%和<6%再进行调整,如做返砂类型软糖,则添加量要求反之;木糖醇添加量应<6%,在此添加量下调整,避免软糖存放出水。     

功能糖通过甜味受体信号通路促进GLP-1的分泌

为探究功能糖对肠源性激素分泌的影响,采用基质胶诱导NCI-H716细胞引起内分泌分化建立小肠内分泌模型。通过该模型评价海藻糖、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、L-阿拉伯糖促胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)、酪酪肽(PYY)分泌的能力,并选出促GLP-1分泌能力强的功能糖,探究促GLP-1分泌的机理。结果表明:海藻糖、山梨糖醇可显著促进GLP-1、PYY分泌(P 0.05);赤藓糖醇可显著促进GLP-1、GLP-2分泌(P 0.05);木糖醇可显著促进PYY分泌(P 0.05);异麦芽酮糖醇、L-阿拉伯糖对3种激素的分泌无显著影响。选取海藻糖、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇继续研究其促GLP-1分泌机理,发现它们可通过激活T1R2、T1R3、Gα-gustducin、PLCβ2、TRPM5等基因,增加胞内Ca~(2+)浓度,以激活甜味受体信号通路促进GLP-1分泌。结论:海藻糖、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇具有促肠源性激素分泌的功能,海藻糖、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇通过激活甜味受体信号通路促进GLP-1分泌。     

5种功能性甜味剂对莲蓉馅料品质的影响

以赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、低聚果糖、异麦芽酮糖替代蔗糖应用于莲蓉馅料,通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS）、电子舌、质构仪结合感官评价探究不同甜味剂对莲蓉馅料食用品质的影响。结果表明：糖醇类甜味剂显著提高莲蓉馅料的明亮度,低聚果糖和异麦芽酮糖使莲蓉馅料颜色加深。此外,莲蓉馅料水分含量与硬度呈极显著负相关（r=-0.882,P<0.01）,与黏附性（r=0.620,P<0.01）、内聚性（r=0.622,P<0.01）呈极显著正相关。除赤藓糖醇外,其余4种功能性甜味剂均能提高莲蓉馅料的水分含量,并改善莲蓉馅料的质构品质。电子舌检测结果表明,功能性甜味剂降低了莲蓉馅料的甜味,提高了对苦味等不良滋味的掩盖能力。通过GC-IMS共在莲蓉馅料中检测出32种挥发性物质,包括醛类（53.94%～70.60%）、酮类（10.36%～18.63%）、醇类（5.25%～14.25%）、酸类（1.62%～2.81%）、酯类（0.22%～0.57%）、呋喃类（0.29%～0.72%）和烷烃类（...     

糖醇对甘薯淀粉理化性质的影响

以甘薯淀粉为原料,研究不同添加量的麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇和木糖醇对甘薯淀粉溶胀度和可溶指数、糊化特性及淀粉凝胶质构特性的影响。结果表明:3种糖醇均明显降低了甘薯淀粉的溶胀度和溶解性,且随着添加量的增多,降低越明显;糊化温度随添加量的增多显著性升高;当麦芽糖醇和木糖醇的添加量与淀粉比值均为1∶1时,峰值黏度显著升高至最大值,添加量继续增多,淀粉糊的峰值黏度显著性降低;糖醇的添加量与淀粉比值小于4∶1时,随着木糖醇添加量增多,回生值升高,而赤藓糖醇的添加量对回生值没有显著性影响;随着糖醇添加量的增多,淀粉凝胶硬度增加越明显,麦芽糖醇和木糖醇对于凝胶弹性、内聚性和恢复性降低越明显。     

酸解法检测对食品添加剂糖醇类产品总糖含量的影响

研究通过GB/T 15672-2009标准中检测方法对木糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、赤藓糖醇、乳糖醇六种糖醇类食品添加剂进行处理,利用高效液相色谱法对处理前后糖醇进行分析,结果发现GB/T 15672-2009检测方法对单糖糖醇没有影响,但会将双糖糖醇水解出具有还原性的单糖,从而提高了总糖含量检测结果,检测方法会对双糖糖醇类产品的总糖含量产生误判。     

甘草酸铵复合甜味剂的复配研究

通过单因素和正交试验优化了复合甜味剂甘草酸铵、三氯蔗糖、赤藓糖醇和甘氨酸的配方比例。实验结果表明:甘草酸铵复合甜味剂的配方比例为甘草酸铵100%、甘氨酸12%、赤藓糖醇10%、三氯蔗糖2.5%。该甘草酸铵复合甜味剂甜味比较纯正,甜味强度约为蔗糖的690倍。     

糖醇替代对芸豆蜜豆品质特性的影响

为开发无糖芸豆蜜豆,选用赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、山梨糖醇完全替代糖渍液中的蔗糖,通过分析不同糖醇对芸豆蜜豆色度、质构、含水量、水分活度、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量、消化特性及感官品质的影响以确定最佳蔗糖替代物。结果表明,4种糖醇在保持GABA含量的基础上(P>0.05),提高了芸豆蜜豆的亮度,显著降低芸豆蜜豆的硬度、咀嚼度、水分活度及估计血糖生成指数(eGI)(P<0.05)。麦芽糖醇芸豆蜜豆的eGI最低,显著降低了30.25%(P<0.05)。4种糖醇及蔗糖芸豆蜜豆综合感官评分分别为72.60、79.50、80.60、72.70、80.70,其中麦芽糖醇、木糖醇芸豆蜜豆与蔗糖组最为接近(P>0.05)。综合考虑,麦芽糖醇是替代蔗糖开发无糖芸豆蜜豆的最佳选择。     

微生物发酵法生产糖醇的研究进展

糖醇具有甜度低、热值低、口感好、稳定性强、水溶性高、适宜人群广等特点,越来越受到消费者的欢迎。微生物发酵法过程温和,能耗低,因此利用微生物发酵法生产糖醇逐步成为研究热点。本文就用微生物发酵法生产常见糖醇-山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇的研究进展进行了综述。     

Physical and sensory characteristics and probiotic survival in ice cream sweetened with various polyols

The effect of polyols (xylitol, erythritol, maltitol and isomalt) on physical and sensory properties of probiotic ice cream, as well as the survival of Bifidobacterium BB‐12 during freezing over 28 days of frozen storage, was investigated. The control sample of ice cream, sweetened with sugar, showed a lower pH and higher overrun than those sweetened with polyols. The viable bifidobacteria counts remained above 8 log cfu/g in all samples. The amount of erythritol added was not enough to obtain a similar sweetness as in control, but too high to get an ice cream with good textural properties.     

Effects of polyols and nondigestible oligosaccharides on the quality of sugar-free sponge cakes

Interest in nutrition is driving consumer demands for less fat, sugar, and calories. In most foods, however, the removal or reduction of ingredients causes readily detectable losses in appearance, texture and mouthfeel. In this work seven bulking agents (maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol, isomaltose, oligofructose and polydextrose) were used to totally replace sucrose in sponge cakes. The effect of this substitution on cake quality was determined by measuring texture, colour and volume after baking under controlled conditions. These parameters were established instrumentally and by sensory evaluation. Best results were obtained with xylitol and maltitol, leading to sponge cakes more similar to the control one – manufactured with sucrose – and with the highest acceptance level in sensory evaluations. Lower quality sponge cakes were those elaborated with mannitol.     

无糖功能米乳饮料的研制

以大米为主要原料,对无蔗糖米乳保健饮料的加工工艺进行了初步探讨研究。用多种功能性甜味剂代替蔗糖,通过单因素实验确定了大米混汁液的原料配比,即大米:香米=4:1;米:水=1:18;木糖醇9.0g/100mL、麦芽糖醇10.0g/100mL、山梨糖醇13.0g/100mL、甜蜜素0.6g/L。通过正交试验对产品的工艺条件和配方进行了探讨,确定了最佳工艺参数及配比,植脂末10g/100mL、蔗糖酯0.3g/100mL、FH9-CMC0.3g/100mL、柠檬酸0.2g/100mL。     

Alternative sweetening of yoghurt

The influence of different sweeteners on the quality of yoghurt was studied using a sucrose sweetened yoghurt as the reference. The alternative sweeteners used were xylitol, sorbitol, fructose, cyclamate and saccharin. The sweeteners were added to the yoghurt either prior to or after incubation. The influence of xylitol and sorbitol were studied more closely by investigating their growth retarding effects on the yoghurt culture. The quality of the yoghurt varieties was evaluated by pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, microbiological quality, sensory properties and storage stability.
All the sweeteners used were suitable for sweetening of yoghurt after incubation. However, saccharin could be used only when mixed with xylitol to cover its disturbing bitter aftertaste when used alone.
Sweetening with sorbitol prior to incubation was problematic. To obtain a suitable sweetness of the yoghurt 15% of sorbitol had to be added. This amount retarded the growth of the yoghurt culture so greatly that no acid, aroma or coagulation was formed in the product. Even a concentration 7% made the yoghurt significantly different from the normal yoghurt. The sweetness of yoghurt prepared with less than 7% of sorbitol is very slight. Consequently, sorbitol is not suitable for use as the only sweetener in pre-sweetened yoghurt. However, its use was possible in combination with sucrose. Xylitol proved to be a good yoghurt sweetener for pre-incubation sweetening, in spite of a slight retarding effect on the growth of the bacteria. At 8% concentration, which was the most preferred, the retarding effect of xylitol was negligible.     

Effect of sugar replacement by polyols and acesulfame‐K on properties of low‐fat cookies

The effect of sucrose replacement by polyols or fructose on dough rheology and properties of low‐fat cookies was studied. Polydextrose was used to replace 35% of fat in low‐fat cookie formulations. The rheological properties of dough were affected by sugar replacement. Maltitol and fructose resulted in dough with high values of hardness and consistency and low adhesiveness and cohesiveness, while lactitol, sorbitol and xylitol had the opposite effect. The properties of cookies prepared with maltitol and lactitol were similar to sucrose ones. Sorbitol cookies had acceptable properties too. In addition, lactitol and sorbitol improved the texture of low‐fat cookies, making them softer and less brittle. Xylitol also affected texture favourably, but not flavour. Mannitol was found not suitable for cookie formulation, as it restricts spread and imparts unpleasant flavour and appearance to the cookies. Fructose was judged unacceptable too, because it led to bitter aftertaste and dark colour. Cookies with polyols or fructose were less sweet than sucrose ones, but supplementation with acesulfame‐K increased sweetness and improved perceived flavour and general acceptance. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

糖醇部分替代蔗糖对猪肉脯水分分布变化及质构相关性分析

本研究用麦芽糖醇、木糖醇和赤藓糖醇分别部分取代猪肉脯配方中的蔗糖,通过猪肉脯出品率、剪切力、水分活度、水分含量、T₂弛豫时间、质构特性和感官质量等指标,探讨糖醇对猪肉脯水分分布变化以及与质构之间的相关性。结果表明,糖醇吸水能力强,会显著提高肉脯的出品率和水分含量(p<0.05),而水分活度不发生显著变化(p>0.05),表明三种糖醇的替代均能在提高肉脯含水量且水分活度变化不显著;糖醇替代组T₂弛豫时间显著降低(p<0.05),剪切力、硬度和咀嚼性显著降低(p<0.05),弹性、内聚性及回复力显著增加(p<0.05);不易流动水的变化与质构各指标间均表现出极显著相关关系(p<0.01),表明猪肉脯采用糖醇的部分替代蔗糖添加,肉乳化体系的凝胶结构得到改善,使得水分的移动性减弱,且部分自由水转变为不易流动水,导致其质构特性发生变化。