聚合物电致发光材料与器件(续完)--聚合物发光材料

1990年Burroughes采用聚对苯乙炔(PPV)作为有源层制作聚合物电致发光器件,开创了共轭聚合物科学的新领域,由于聚合物电致发光器件具有制备简单、发光效率和发光亮度高、发光波长易于调节等显著特点,引起了各国的高度重视,大量的共轭聚合物材料成功地应用于电致发光器件,使得电致发光聚合物材料和器件的研究成为近年来最活跃的领域之一.     

聚合物电致发光材料与器件(待续)--聚合物发光材料

1990年Burroughes采用聚对苯乙炔(PPV)作为有源层制作聚合物电致发光器件,开创了共轭聚合物科学的新领域,由于聚合物电致发光器件具有制备简单、发光效率和发光亮度高、发光波长易于调节等显著特点,引起了各国的高度重视,大量的共轭聚合物材料成功地应用于电致发光器件,使得电致发光聚合物材料和器件的研究成为近年来最活跃的领域之一.     

聚合物电致发光材料与器件（待续）——聚合物发光材料

１９９０年Ｂｕｒｒｏｕｐｈｅｓ采用聚对苯乙炔（ＰＰＶ）作为有源层制作聚合物电致发光器件，开创了共轭聚合物科学的新领域，由于聚合物电致发光器件具有制备简单，发光效率和发光度高，发光波长易于调节等显著特点，引起了各国的高度重视，大量的共轭聚合物材料成功地应用于电致发光器件，使得电致发光聚合物材料和器件的研究成为近年来最活跃领域之一。     

无机电致发光材料的制备方法与研究现状

较系统地阐述无机电致发光材料的类型、发光原理及器件构成,以及无机薄膜电致发光材料的制备方法、研究的最新进展及今后的发展趋势。     

有机电致发光的研究进展

有机材料具有高的荧光量子效率和半导体性质,通过掺杂或适当的分子设计可以调谐发光颜色。本文介绍和评述了近年来有机薄膜电致发光的原理,电致发光器件、电致发光材料的开发及其应用前景。     

倍半硅氧烷基电致发光材料的研究进展

有机电致发光器件(OLED)作为一种新型显示器件,其结构简单、易于制造、成本更低、性能更好,未来在各领域将有很大的应用潜力。其中电致发光材料是OLED的核心材料,是OLED能否工业化生产的关键因素,但目前发光材料仍存在一些不足。多面体倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为一种笼状无机材料,由于具有良好的耐热性、力学强度、稀释效应,经常与咔唑、芴等有机物杂化,从而有效地改善光电和物理性能,被用作OLED电致发光材料,已得到当前电致发光研发领域的极大关注。本文主要介绍了倍半硅氧烷基电致发光材料的研究进展。     

聚合物电致发光材料与器件（续完）：聚合物发光材料

１９９０年Ｂｕｒｒｏｕｇｈｅｓ采用聚对苯乙炔９ＰＰＶ）作为有源层制作聚合物电致发光器件，开创了共轭聚合物科学的新领域，由于聚合物电致发光器件具制备简单，发光效率和发光亮度高，发光波长于调节等显发光聚合物材料和器件的研究成国近年来最活跃的领域之一。     

有机小分子电致发光研究进展

有机电致发光具有发光亮度和发光效率高,材料易加工等传统的无机和液晶显示材料无可比拟的优点,并且可以通过改变分子结构或掺杂调谐发光的颜色．本文评述了近年来有机小分子电致发光材料的研究进展,简要介绍了有机电致发光的原理及其广阔的应用前景．     

分子型有机空穴传输材料和红色发光材料的设计合成、物化性质及在有机电致发光器件中的应用

有机电致发光器件具有直流电压驱动、主动发光、体积小、无视角限制、响应快 ,以及色彩全、制作工艺简单等优点 ,作为新型显示技术而倍受瞩目 .在构建有机电致发光器件的三大材料中 (空穴传输材料、电子传输材料和发光材料 ) ,空穴传输材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)以及红色发光材料的色纯度和发光效率亟待改进 .本论文通过对分子进行合适的裁剪与修饰 ,设计合成了具有良好应用前景的空穴传输材料和红色发光材料 ,研究了化合物的物化性质与分子结构的关系以及它们在器件上的应用 .1　吡唑啉化合物1,3,5 三芳基 4 ,5 二氢 1H吡唑 (2 吡唑啉 )化合…     

有机电致发光材料的研究进展及应用

简要论述有机电致发光设备的发光机理、器件结构及彩色显示方法。详细介绍有机电致发光材料的种类、组成、特点和研究近况,并对其用途和前景,尤其在军事领域的应用作了一定介绍。另外还指出了有机电致发光在商业化过程中一些急待解决的问题     

Properties of thermoplastic starch and TPS/polycaprolactone blend reinforced with sisal whiskers using extrusion processing

Sisal whiskers (SW) were prepared by acid hydrolysis for subsequent evaluation as reinforcing material for biodegradable matrices of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and TPS/polycaprolactone (TPS/PCL) blends. The acid hydrolyzed SW had dimensions of 5 ± 2 nm in diameter and 210 ± 60 nm in length and 78% crystallinity. The nanocomposite blends consisted of whisker contents of 5 and 10 wt% and were coextruded with either TPS or TPS/PCL which formed the matrix material. The influence of SW on the morphology, crystallinity, thermal properties, mechanical behavior, structural, and biodegradation of TPS and TPS/PCL matrices were investigated. The lower SW content of 5 wt% dispersed and interacted well with both matrices. The introduction of PCL in the TPS matrix leads to an increased crystallinity and there was evidence that the carbonyl groups of PCL interacted with the OH groups on the surface of the whiskers. Addition of PCL decreased the whisker/whisker interaction over TPS alone, favoring the dispersion of the whiskers in the matrix and, consequently, the reinforcement effect was more pronounced in TPS/PCL blends than in the pure TPS matrix. The addition of the whiskers as reinforcement increased the biodegradability of TPS and TPS/PCL matrices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

聚氨酯改性热塑性淀粉结构与性能的研究

利用环境友好的方法制备韧性且疏水性的改性淀粉材料是很重要的.在我们的工作中,用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和蓖麻油成功合成聚氨酯预聚体,然后在密炼机中用该预聚体改性热塑性淀粉TPS.热塑性改性淀粉材料成功制备并测试分析.结果表明比较纯淀粉,由于淀粉和弹性聚氨酯颗粒之间很强的相互作用,改性淀粉的疏水性和韧性方面得到很大提高.     

Membranes of triphenylsilyl substituted polyphenylene oxide in the permeation of propylene and propane gases

Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) was chemically modified by the attachment of a bulky triphenylsilyl (TPS) group substituent (～30 mol %) to study its impact on hydrocarbon gas permeation. A membrane of the modified PPO (TPS–PPO) was tested for the permeation of pure propylene and propane gas and that of their 55:45 binary mixture at 30 ± 2°C. Gravimetric single‐gas equilibrium sorption studies were carried out to determine the gas solubility coefficients and diffusion coefficients to assess their role in the gas permeation mechanism of the membranes. Characterization studies were done to determine the interrelationship between the transport properties and the polymer structure. The studies included density, fractional free volume, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The TPS–PPO membrane was found to be 3 times more permeable to propylene and 3.8 times more permeable to propane with a small decrease in the propylene/propane ideal permselectivity (3.37) when compared to that of unmodified PPO (4.25). TPS–PPO could be a potential membrane material for the efficient recovery of propylene and propane from mixtures with permanent gases such as those found in refinery off‐gas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Fabrication and characterisation of thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene succinate) blends with maleated poly(butylene succinate) as compatibiliser

Thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene succinate) (TPS/PBS), an entirely biodegradable polymer blend, was prepared by a two-step extrusion method. Maleic anhydride grafted PBS (rPBS) was successfully synthesised as an interfacial compatibiliser. The miscibility, morphology, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of the TPS/PBS blends were investigated. The results demonstrated that the strength and elongation at break of TPS/PBS blends were greatly increased with the addition of rPBS in PBS blends due to improved interfacial miscibility. Better distribution and smaller phase domain were observed in the blends with higher content of compatibilisers. The water resistance was also enhanced by incorporation of rPBS. It was indicated that compatibilised TPS/PBS blends possessed a combination of good biodegradability, improved strength and high water resistance. TPS/PBS blend was expected to serve as a promising packing material.     

Development and properties of zein/Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides blend as a hard capsule material

Replacement of animal-derived capsules with those of plant origin, which are safe and stable, is the development tendency at present. However, properties of pure plant materials, such as high hydrophobicity, low solubility, and poor film-forming ability, restrict the popularization and application of plant capsules. In the present study, a novel blend of zein and Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TPS) was developed by a facile one-step shear method. Properties of the blend were investigated to show its potential in being used as raw materials for capsule shells. According to viscosity, rheological behaviors, and microscopic morphology of the blends, TPS molecules enhance both the stability and gelling functions of the mixture by wrapping around the zein aggregations. It was revealed that the viscosity of the zein/TPS system increases with the zein content, while the elasticity of it increases with the TPS content. The films obtained from the blends were characterized by mechanical properties and SEM, showing a zein/TPS mass ratio of 7:3 leads to the most appropriate TS and highest EAB among all films tested. The FTIR and XRD analysis suggested the physical mixing of zein and TPS in the blend films. As shown by the DSC curves, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blend film gradually dropped with the addition of TPS, which was a consequence of the weakening of intermolecular interactions. The paper introduced the whole process, from raw material preparation to ZT capsule production, further verifying the application potentials of such a novel plant material.     

亚麻纤维/PBS/TPS复合材料的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,通过挤出加工制得热塑性淀粉(TPS)。再将TPS与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混,加入亚麻纤维强化,制得复合材料。分析了TPS试样和复合材料试样的断面微观结构,研究了PBS含量、纤维添加量和硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对TPS/PBS共混物力学性能的影响。进一步通过正交试验分析优化了复合材料的制备工艺参数。实验研究表明,丙三醇是制备TPS的合适的增塑剂,挤出加工能够较好地改变淀粉分子结构,使其具有热塑性。共混物的力学性能随着PBS含量的增加而增加。亚麻纤维和KH-550都能够明显地增加复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,但是复合材料的断裂伸长率降低。对于复合材料的拉伸强度来说,最优化工艺为:PBS质量分数60%、纤维质量分数0.5%、偶联剂质量分数0.2%,注塑加工温度(注塑机温控区温度)为155、160、160、150、145℃。     

Monitoring food quality - effect of curcumin in the development of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch based smart packaging

Smart packaging relies on the one-to-one interaction of food with its packaging or its environment to monitor food quality and safety. Colorimetric pH indicators (synthetic, natural) working in a smart food packaging system are particularly striking when used with fresh foodstuffs such as fish and meat that perish quickly and require real-time freshness monitoring. In this study, curcumin (Cur) was used as a natural pH indicator to produce sustainable smart packaging material. Towards this objective, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend-based films containing Cur were prepared using a twin screw extrusion and hot-pressing processes. Besides, two different compositions of LDPE/TPS mixture (50/50 and 70/30) were used as the matrix. Thermal, mechanical, morphological properties, an affinity for water, and color change properties of LDPE/TPS/Cur films were investigated. They showed a significant color change from yellow to brown at pH: 10 at the end of the seventh day, especially in the 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture. 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture with 7% curcumin content gave the highest tensile strength of 8.03 Mpa. When the same mixture was used to monitor chicken meat spoilage at 25°C, meat samples have shown color changes from light yellow to light brown due to the increased content of total volatile basic amines. As a result, it has been suggested that 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture containing 7% Cur can be used as a smart packaging material.     

Thermoplastic corn starch reinforced with cotton cellulose nanofibers

This work evaluates the use of cotton cellulose nanofibers (CCN) as a reinforcing agent to prepare thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) matrix plasticized with 30 wt % of glycerol. The nanocomposites were filled with 0.5–5.0 wt % of CCN on a dry‐starch basis. The dried nanofibers were resuspended through the use of an ultrasonicator and then introduced in the fixed water formulation for obtaining TPS. The nanocomposites were compounded in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), field emission gun (FEG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in air atmosphere, were used to characterize nanofibers, neat TPS, and nanocomposites. The results showed that the nanofibers had needlelike structure with an average length of about 135 ± 50 nm and an average diameter of about 14 ± 4 nm. The addition of CCN was effective to enhance the mechanical properties of neat TPS in compositions above 2.5 wt %, although some agglomeration could be observed. The resulting nanocomposites showed good structural stability, because the amylopectin transcrystallization phenomena on the surface of nanofibers had not occurred. Only a slight decrease in the crystallinity index and a minor increase in the water absorption in relation to neat TPS were observed. An increase in the thermal stability of TPS nanocomposites with respect to neat TPS was verified, but it was independent of the CCN content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

改性淀粉/EVA共混低成本热熔胶的制备及性能研究

首先采用复合增塑剂(由甘油、甲酰胺和尿素组成)对天然淀粉进行改性,并在高温高剪切作用下制得热塑性淀粉(TPS);然后以乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为主要原料,并辅以聚合松香、聚乙烯蜡、抗氧剂和填料等制备出新型低成本TPS/EVA热熔胶。通过多种分析手段对产品的晶体结构、软化点、剪切强度、熔体指数(MI)及各组分间相容性等进行了研究,并对产品的性能、成本和工艺进行了分析。结果表明:当w(EVA)=30%(相对于热熔胶而言)、w(TPS)=20%(相对于热熔胶而言)时,TPS/EVA热熔胶的成本低于传统热熔胶,并且均匀度较好、粘接强度超过2.0MPa,可广泛用于纸盒、包装材料、一次性制品加工和无纺产品成型等领域。     

Natural weathering studies of biobased thermoplastic starch from agricultural waste/polypropylene blends

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) obtained from agricultural waste was blended with polypropylene (PP) for natural weathering studies. The agricultural waste material was obtained from seeds and tubers with a starch content of approximately 50%. Commercial‐grade TPS and native tapioca‐based TPS were also prepared for comparison. The biobased TPS/PP extruded sheets were exposed to natural weathering for six months and their deterioration in weight, tensile properties, thermal properties, and relative molecular weight were monitored. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of surface cracking and the presence of microorganisms. FTIR spectrum indicated an increase in the carbonyl index over time as a result of the formation of degradation products. TPS/PP blends made from agricultural waste showed a better resistance to natural weathering compared to the other high starch formulation. The higher starch content in the blend system encouraged the rapid degradation process due to the combined effect of UV radiation with oxidation, moisture, temperature, and microbial attack. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013