纳豆激酶纤溶活性研究

通过制备纳豆提取液、纳豆激酶粗酶,对纳豆激酶纤溶活性进行研究。结果表明:纳豆激酶纤溶活性最适pH为8.0,pH6~10溶液中40℃以下基本稳定,pH<5失去纤溶活性;模拟胃环境的酸性条件下,粗酶失去纤溶活性,而纳豆浸提液纤溶活性保持25%;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胰蛋白酶对纳豆激酶成分没有降解作用;体外溶栓作用表明,纳豆激酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原。     

枯草芽孢杆菌MX-6产纳豆激酶特性分析

分离鉴定溶栓酶高产菌株,对其所产溶栓酶的类型、相对分子质量及发酵曲线进行特性分析。从中国豆豉中分离一株纤溶酶高产菌株MX-6,经个体形态、菌落形态及16S r DNA基因同源性比对,确定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌。应用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)克隆到1 473 bp的纤溶酶编码基因apr N,根据推测氨基酸序列与同源序列的多序列比对及系统进化树结果显示该纤溶酶为纳豆激酶。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)确定枯草芽孢杆菌MX-6所产纳豆激酶的相对分子质量约28 ku,与预测的相对分子质量27 712. 72 u相吻合。枯草芽孢杆菌MX-6所产纳豆激酶的发酵曲线结果显示在72 h达到纳豆激酶最大合成量,在纤维蛋白平板上的溶圈直径高达21. 60 mm。为更好地实现纳豆激酶的开发及应用提供一定的理论依据和方法参考。     

抗性筛选纤溶激酶菌株

以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)为出发菌株经紫外线诱变处理，采用抗性筛选法，立接在梯度平根上挑取抗药性菌株进行初筛，然后经旋转式摇床300r／min、37℃发酵3d天，测定纤溶激酶产酶活力，再复筛，获得一株生产性能比出发菌株显著提高的突变株SS72，纤溶激酶酶活最高达到87lu／ml。     

纳豆激酶与豆豉纤溶酶酶学性质比较研究

研究对纳豆激酶和豆豉纤溶酶的酶学性质进行了分析和比较,结果发现,二者最适pH值范围和温度基本一致,分别为pH7.0~9.0、50℃;纤溶酶活性在60℃以上迅速下降;纳豆激酶在pH6.0~10.0、豆豉纤溶酶在pH7.4~12.0时稳定性好;Mg2+对2种酶均有激活作用,Mn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Zn2+有不同程度的抑制作用,Cu2+的对纳豆激酶的有显著抑制作用。     

纳豆激酶分离纯化及纤溶活性研究

经过生理盐水浸提、(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等纯化步骤,从纳豆中获得层析纯的纳豆激酶,纯化倍数15.6,回收率10.2%,SDS-PAGE电泳显示为二个组分,分子量在29000左右。对其纤溶性质研究表明:纳豆激酶活性的最适pH为8.0,pH6～10溶液中40℃以下基本稳定,pH<5失去纤溶活性;模拟胃环境的酸性条件下,粗酶失去纤溶活性,而纳豆生理盐水浸提液纤溶活性保持25%;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胰蛋白酶对纳豆激酶成分没有降解作用;体外溶栓作用表明,纳豆激酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原。     

来源于豆豉的枯草芽孢杆菌MX-6所产纳豆激酶的稳定性研究

以中国豆豉中筛选到的1株纤溶酶高产菌株———枯草芽孢杆菌MX-6为研究对象,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)成功扩增到1473bp的纤溶酶编码基因aprN,系统进化树结果显示该纤溶酶为纳豆激酶。研究了纳豆激酶对热、pH、金属离子、化学物质、抑制剂和变性剂的稳定性及传代稳定性。结果表明:纳豆激酶在-20,4,30～50℃的热稳定性较好,pH在3～11之间酶活性相对稳定,Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)对纳豆激酶具有显著的激活作用,K~+、Fe~(2+)对纳豆激酶的稳定性基本无影响,而Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Al ~(3+)、Ba~(2+)有显著的抑制作用,Hg~(2+)导致纳豆激酶完全失活,牛血清蛋白、明胶、蛋白胨能够显著提高纳豆激酶的稳定性,丙二醇、海藻酸钠对纳豆激酶的稳定性基本无影响,而乙醇显著降低纳豆激酶的稳定性。PMSF导致纳豆激酶的活性完全丧失,EDAT和DTT对纳豆激酶的活性基本无影响,10mmol/L的SDS显著降低纳豆激酶的稳定性,说明此纳豆激酶是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,不是金属酶,不含二硫键,且具有良好的传代稳定性。结果显示该酶的稳定性较好,具有开发为溶栓药物的应用价值,有利于纳豆激酶的工业化应用。     

纳豆激酶的纯化及性质研究

从固态发酵培养的纳豆中提取纳豆激酶 ,采用盐析、疏水层析、离子交换层析等方法 ,对提取液进行纳豆激酶的分离纯化。经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定 ,活性酶蛋白为单一组分 ,并测得其分子质量为 2 8ku。纳豆激酶在pH5 0～ 1 0 0 ,4～ 3 7℃范围内具有较好的稳定性 ,其纤溶活性可被 0 1mmol/L的PMSF完全抑制。体外溶栓实验表明 ,纳豆激酶为纤溶酶而不是纤溶酶原激活剂。     

基于分光光度法构建纳豆激酶纤溶活性快速测定方法

为建立一种快捷、有效的纳豆激酶纤溶活性测定方法,在研究纤维蛋白平板法的基础上,构建了以透明圈面积为中间参数的纳豆激酶纤溶活力与吸光度值之间关系模型,通过测定纳豆激酶显色反应中的吸光度值,直接获得纳豆激酶的纤溶活性。结果显示改进后的酪蛋白方法可行,其模型方程为y=1877.77x-481.08(R2=0.9924)。验证结果显示模型相关性强,准确度较高,操作简便、快速、检测成本低,是一种高效的纳豆激酶纤溶活性快速检测方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定纳豆激酶体外纤溶活力

建立短时间、定量测定纳豆激酶体外纤溶活力的方法。在体外反应体系中制备血纤维蛋白底物,向体系中加入待测样品(纳豆激酶),进行纤溶反应。用紫外分光光度计测定纳豆激酶水解纤维蛋白后生成的可溶性产物的吸光值。由此对纳豆激酶体外纤溶活性进行定量测定并进行方法可行性分析。该方法具有较好的灵敏度、精密度和准确度,用时短,该方法适用于纳豆激酶体外纤溶活性的定量分析。     

纳豆激酶的研究进展

纳豆激酶是由纳豆芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusnatto)分泌的一种具有强烈纤溶作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶。文章中对纳豆菌产生的纳豆激酶的分离纯化、基因结构、蛋白质结构、生物学功能及其在医疗上的溶纤特性进行了综述     

固体发酵生产豆豉纤溶酶的研究

对细菌型豆豉的生产工艺作了深入研究。分析了影响豆豉纤溶酶产量的诸多因素，包括大豆浸泡水量、时间、大豆破碎程度、碳源、离子强度、蒸煮时间等。并对豆豉提取物的功能性进行了研究，如溶栓作用、抗氧化作用、抑菌作用等。     

通过串联启动子实现纳豆激酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

本研究通过串联启动子方式实现纳豆激酶在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中的高效分泌表达。通过对几种现有报道的强启动子的比较并对其进行串联操作,确定生产纳豆激酶的最优启动子及纳豆激酶的最高产量。本研究首先在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中成功构建五种含不同强启动子的重组质粒p SG101(P_(HpaII)),p SG102(PBcapr E),p SG103(Plux S),p SG104(Pgsi B)和p SG105(Pyxi E),实现纳豆激酶分泌表达,并对其纤溶活性进行测定。结果表明,启动子P_(HpaII)介导的纳豆激酶纤溶活性(110.80 FU/m L)明显优于其他四种启动子。通过对启动子P_(HpaII)进行多次串联,成功构建质粒p SG106(P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII)),p SG107(P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII))和p SG108(P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII))。数据显示,菌株Bacillus subtilis WB800/p SG107(P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII)-P_(HpaII))纳豆激酶产量最高为213.30 FU/m L,相比单个启动子P_(HpaII),提高了92.51%。通过对五种强启动子的比较以及对其进行串联操作,成功实现纳豆激酶在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800的高效表达,纤溶活性最高为213.30 FU/m L,与现有相关报道相比有明显优势。     

亚硝基胍、紫外诱变筛选高产纤溶酶菌株

以产纤溶酶的根霉Y为出发菌株，通过亚硝基胍、紫外复合诱变，采用血纤维蛋白平板法测量发酵上清液的纤溶活性，得到一株高产突变株C6。其产酶活性是出发菌株的4．73倍，经过传代培养，该菌株的高产纤溶酶的特性能够稳定遗传。     

Effects of alginate microencapsulation on the fibrinolytic activity of fermented soybean paste (Cheonggukjang) extract

Alginate microparticles were prepared to evaluate the effect on the fibrinolytic activity of Korean fermented soybean paste, Cheonggukjang (CGJ). The mean diameter of microparticles was 110.37 μm and the microparticles had generally spherical and some wrinkled surfaces. The fibrinolytic activities of encapsulated and non-encapsulated CGJ extract were measured at various ranges of pH and temperature. When non-encapsulated CGJ extract was exposed to simulated gastric juice of pH 2.0, the fibrinolytic activity was rapidly reduced. However, fibrinolytic activity of encapsulated CGJ extract (14.27 units) was significantly higher than that of non-encapsulated CGJ extract (4.15 units). The fibrinolytic activity of non-encapsulated CGJ extract decreased rapidly with increased temperature, but stability of fibrinolytic activity of encapsulated CGJ was improved under high temperature conditions. These results indicate that the microencapsulation technique is an effective tool to protect the fibrinolytic activity of CGJ extract from ingestion and heating effects.     

解淀粉杆菌DC-12产纤溶酶发酵条件的优化

用响应面法对产纤溶酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌D-12的发酵条件进行了优化。首先通过单因素实验考察了各因素对产酶的影响,后在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman设计得出发酵时间、糊精浓度、细菌学蛋白胨浓度三个最重要的影响因素,接着通过最陡爬坡实验逼近酶活的最高区域,然后通过中心组合设计实验对显著因素进行优化,最后响应面法进行分析,得到的最佳发酵条件为:细菌学蛋白胨浓度2.25%,糊精浓度2.65%,发酵时间45 h。在此条件下,酶活为96.340 IU/mL。验证实验所得酶活为98.947 IU/mL,因此本优化工艺结果比较可靠。     

两种粗提纯法对纤溶酶纯化效果的比较研究

采用硫酸铵盐析法及乙醇沉淀法对海洋枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的纯化效果进行比较研究,得到的最佳纯化方案为：取一定体积的纤溶酶发酵液进行预处理,再进行分段盐析及分级沉淀,在分段盐析中,30％和70％饱和度的硫酸铵分别用于去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶,最后进行碱处理及超滤除盐;在分级沉淀中,最佳乙醇沉淀时间为1.5h,去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶的乙醇体积比分别为25％和165％,最后将两种方法得到的粗提液进行冷冻干燥,硫酸铵法的酶活回收率为83.52％,纯化倍数为1.42,冻干粉得率为4.812 g/L,单位酶活为76 755.82IU/g;乙醇纯沉淀法的酶活回收率为89.7％,纯化倍数为1.72,冻干粉得率为7.611 g/L,单位酶活为137 190.57 IU/g,该结果表明乙醇沉淀法对纤溶酶的粗提效果要优于硫酸铵盐析法.     

Microbial and endogenous origin of fibrinolytic activity in traditional fermented foods of Northeast India

Traditional fermented foods of Northeast India and their associated microorganisms were studied for fibrinolytic activity. A simple and reliable spectrophotometric method to quantify fibrinolytic activity in comparison to conventional fibrin plate assay was established. Out of 31 different types of fermented foods screened, protein rich fermented foods mostly soybean and fish products possessed fibrinolytic activity. Higher fibrinolytic activity was observed in fermented small cyprid fish (Puntius sophore Ham.) products than fermented soybean products. Fibrin zymogram based cluster analysis indicated fibrinolytic activity of endogenous origin in fermented fish products and microbial origin in fermented soybean products. A fermented soybean product Hawaijar showed higher specificity towards fibrin as indicated by fibrinolytic to caseinolytic activity ratio of 3.8 ± 0.21. Identification of 85 fibrinolytic isolates by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and ribosomal DNA sequencing yielded 15 phylotypes, of which 55% were Bacillus species. Lactic acid bacteria with fibrinolytic activity namely Vagococcus carniphilus, Vagococcus lutrae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum and Pediococcus acidilactici were identified. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, V. carniphilus, V. lutrae and Proteus mirabilis were promising producers of fibrinolytic enzymes with more than 350 plasmin units/mL. The high population of fibrinolytic P. mirabilis found in fermented soybean and pork products might be a serious health concern. Fibrinolytic activity found in fermented food could be partially dependent on the isolated microbes. PCR-DGGE analysis detected uncultivated proteolytic bacteria in both raw material and fermented fish products. These fibrinolytic foods and associated microbial resources could be further explored for novel fibrinolytic therapy.     

红河传统发酵豆豉中高纤溶活性菌株的分离筛选及其纤溶酶基因分析

运用脱脂乳固体培养基及纤维蛋白固体培养基的两步分离筛选法,从云南红河传统发酵豆豉中分离筛选具有高产豆豉纤溶酶活性的菌株,同时对它们的豆豉纤溶酶基因进行克隆分析,以期为新型功能性豆豉的研发提供备选菌株及理论依据。研究结果表明,两步分离筛选法能有效地从云南红河传统发酵豆豉中筛选到高产豆豉纤溶酶的菌株Bacillus subtilis LC-2-1,对该高产菌株的豆豉纤溶酶成熟肽基因分析及预测结果表明,菌株B subtilis LC-2-1确实能分泌一种由825个碱基编码275个氨基酸残基且分子量约为27.4kDa的豆豉纤溶酶,与纳豆激酶及其他豆豉纤溶酶相比差异显著,同源性仅为85.1%。同时其豆豉纤溶酶活性分析结果则表明,菌株B subtilis LC-2-1所产纤溶酶活性较高,可达79.84 U/mL。因此,本研究结果将为新型且具有溶血栓功能发酵豆豉的研发提供备选菌株及理论依据。     

Fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis ICTF-1: media optimization, purification and characterization

Fibrinolytic enzymes are important in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The present work reports isolation, screening and identification of marine cultures for production of fibrinolytic enzymes. A potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterium was isolated from marine niches and identified as Bacillus subtilis ICTF-1 on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. Further, media optimization using L(18)-orthogonal array method resulted in enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzyme (8814 U/mL) which was 2.6 fold higher than in unoptimized medium (3420 U/mL). In vitro assays revealed that the enzyme could catalyze blood clot lysis effectively, indicating that this enzyme could be a useful thrombolytic agent. A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the culture supernatant to homogeneity by three step procedures with a 34.42-fold increase in specific activity and 7.5% recovery. This purified fibrinolytic enzyme had molecular mass of 28 kDa, optimal temperature and pH at 50 °C and 9, respectively. It was stable at pH 5.0-11.0 and temperature of 25-37 °C. The enzyme activity was activated by Ca(2+) and obviously inhibited by Zn(2+), Fe(3)(+), Hg(2+) and PMSF. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme showed high stability towards various surfactants and was relatively stable towards oxidizing agent. Considering these properties purified fibrinolytic enzyme also finds potential application in laundry detergents in addition to thrombolytic agent. The gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated and its DNA sequence was determined. Compared the full DNA sequence with those in NCBI, it was considered to be a subtilisin like serine-protease.