一种用于电视调谐器的宽带CMOS低噪声放大器设计

介绍了一种宽带CMOS低噪声放大器设计方法,采用噪声抵消技术消除输入MOS管的噪声贡献.芯片采用TSMC 0.25μm 1P5M RF CMOS工艺实现.测试结果表明:在50～860MHz工作频率内,电压增益约为13.4dB;噪声系数在2.4～3.5dB之间;增益1dB压缩点为-6.7dBm;输入参考三阶交调点为3.3dBm.在2.5V直流电压下测得的功耗约为30mW.     

应用于IEEE 802.11b无线局域网系统的2.4GHzCMOS单片收发机射频前端

实现了一个应用于IEEE 802.11b无线局域网系统的2.4GHz CMOS单片收发机射频前端,它的接收机和发射机都采用了性能优良的超外差结构.该射频前端由五个模块组成:低噪声放大器、下变频器、上变频器、末前级和LO缓冲器.除了下变频器的输出采用了开漏级输出外,各模块的输入、输出端都在片匹配到50Ω.该射频前端已经采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现.当低噪声放大器和下变频器直接级联时,测量到的噪声系数约为5.2dB,功率增益为12.5dB,输入1dB压缩点约为-18dBm,输入三阶交调点约为-7dBm.当上变频器和末前级直接级联时,测量到的噪声系数约为12.4dB,功率增益约为23.8dB,输出1dB压缩点约为1.5dBm,输出三阶交调点约为16dBm.接收机射频前端和发射机射频前端都采用1.8V电源,消耗的电流分别为13.6和27.6mA.     

宽带CMOS可变增益放大器的设计

采用TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺设计实现了一种对数增益线性控制型的宽带可变增益放大器.电路采用两级结构,前级采用电压并联负反馈的Cascode结构以实现良好的输入匹配和噪声性能;后级采用信号相加式电路实现增益连续可调.同时本文设计了一种新型指数控制电压转换电路,解决了射频CMOS电路中,由于漏源电流与栅源电压通常不为指数关系而造成放大器对数增益与控制电压不成线性关系的难题,实现了可变增益放大器的对数增益随控制电压呈线性变化.芯片测试结果表明,电路在1.8V电源电压下,电流为9mA,3dB带宽为430～2330MHz.增益调节范围为-3.3～9.5dB,最大增益下噪声系数为6.2dB,最小增益下输入1dB压缩点为-9dBm.     

基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺的2.4/5.2 GHz双频段LNA的设计

采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺,实现了双频段低噪声放大器设计.通过射频选择开关,电路可以分别工作在无线局域网标准802.11g规定的2.4 GHz和802.11a规定的5.2 GHz频段.该低噪声放大器为共源共栅结构,设计中采用了噪声阻抗和输入阻抗同时匹配的噪声优化技术.电路仿真结果表明:在2.4 GHz频段电路线性增益为15.4 dB,噪声系数为2.3 dB,1 dB压缩点为-12.5 dBm,IIP3为-4.7 dBm;5.2 GHz频段线性增益为12.5 dB,噪声系数为2.9 dB,1 dB压缩点为-11.3 dBm,IIP3为-5.5 dBm.     

一种0.9V低电压低本振功率CMOS有源混频器

设计了一种可工作于0.9 V低电压和-5 dBm本振功率的CMOS有源混频器.通过在MOS管栅极和衬底间引入耦合电容,利用衬底效应加快MOS管的导通和截止,使开关对的开关状态更理想,有效地降低混频器的噪声并提高其线性特性.采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计,在2.45 GHz本振信号和2.44 GHz射频信号输入下,实验结果表明该混频器可有效地实现混频且具有较好的性能指标:电压转换增益为12.4 dB,输入三阶截断点为-0.6 dBm,输入1dB压缩点为-3.4 dBm,单边带噪声系数为12 dB.     

一种高线性度CMOS有源混频器的设计

设计了一个用于数字电视ZERO-IF结构接收机射频前端的CMOS下变频混频器。基于对有源混频器的噪声机制及线性度的物理理解,对传统的有源混频器电路采用电流注入技术,实现了增益,噪声和线性度折中。电路采用UMC0.18RFCMOS工艺实现,SSB噪声系数为18dB,1/f噪声拐角频率100kHz。电压转换增益为5dB和8dB两档增益,输入1dB压缩点为0dBm,IIP3为15dBm（5dB增益）,7dBm（8dB增益）。全差分电路在1.8V供电电压下的功耗不到7mW,可以满足数字电视零中频结构射频前端对高线性度、低闪烁噪声和可变增益的要求。     

2.45 GHz 0.18 μm全差分CMOS低噪声放大器设计

设计了一个基于TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺的2.45 GHz全差分CMOS低噪声放大器.根据电路结构特点,采用图解法对LNA进行功耗约束下的噪声优化,以选取最优的晶体管栅宽;设计了仅消耗15 μA电流的偏置电路;采用在输入级增加电容的方法,在改善输入匹配网络特性的同时,解决了栅极电感的集成问题.仿真结果表明:LNA噪声系数为1.96 dB,功率增益S_(21)超过20 dB,输入反射系数S_(11)和输出反射系数S_(22)分别小于-30 dB和-20 dB,反向功率增益S_(12)小于-30 dB,1 dB压缩点和三阶互调输入点IIP3分别达到-17.1 dBm和-2.55 dBm,整个电路在1.8 V电源下功耗为22.4 mW.     

一种高线性度CMOS混频器的设计

采用线性化技术改进的混频器结构提高了线性度.采用TSMC 0.18 μm RF CMOS模型进行了电路仿真.仿真结果:在电源电压为1.8 V时,输入三阶截断点(IIP3)为10.3 dBm,输入1dB压缩点(P-1dB)为-3.5 dBm,增益为9.2 dB,单边带噪声系数为17 dB.     

低噪声和高增益CMOS下变频混频器设计

设计并实现了一个用于GPS接收机射频前端的CMOS下变频混频器.基于对有源混频器的噪声机制的物理理解,电路中采用了噪声消除技术,以减少Gilbert型混频器中开关管的闪烁噪声,并引入一个额外的电感与开关对共源节点的寄生电容谐振,改善整个电路的噪声系数和转换增益等关键性能指标.电路采用TSMC 0.25 μm RF CMOS工艺实现,SSB噪声系数为7 dB,电压转换增益为10.4 dB,输入1 dB压缩点为-22 dBm,且输入阻抗匹配良好,输入反射系数为-17.8 dB.全差分电路在2.5 V供电电压下的功耗为10 mW,可满足GPS接收机射频前端对低噪声、高增益的要求.     

用于便携式GPS接收机中的5.4mW低噪声高增益CMOS射频前端电路设计

设计了应用于便携式GPS接收机射频前端中的CMOS低噪声放大器和正交混频器. 该电路中的低噪声放大器采用带源端电感负反馈的输入级,并引入功耗约束下的噪声和输入同时匹配技术. 正交混频器基于吉尔伯特单元. 电路采用TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺实现,总的电压转换增益为35dB,级联噪声系数为2.4dB,输入1dB压缩点为-22dBm,输入匹配良好,输入回损为-22.3dB, 在1.8V电压供电下,整个全差分电路功耗为5.4mW.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks