基于MPS方法数值模拟三维LNG液舱的晃荡问题

该文基于自主开发的无网格粒子方法求解器MLParticle-SJTU,将MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit)应用到三维LNG液舱的晃荡问题中,分别研究了LNG液舱在单自由度纵摇和横摇激励下,装载高度和激励频率对液舱晃荡作用的影响。首先,对装载高度为70%H的LNG液舱在单自由度纵摇和横摇激励下的晃荡问题分别进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果进行比较,验证了MPS方法的可靠性。其次,对比不同装载高度,不同激励频率下液舱晃荡的拍击压力和流场分布情况,分析了装载高度和激励频率对晃荡作用的影响,并分析了一阶固有频率和共振频率随装载高度的变化规律。数值结果表明:激励频率对晃荡幅度影响较大;当激励频率在一阶固有频率附近时,会发生剧烈的晃荡现象;52.5%H为危险装载高度,在共振频率下,产生的拍击压力最大。     

超谐共振横摇下液舱晃荡特性数值研究

该文从船舶非线性横摇运动方程出发,采用多尺度法,获得其在正横规则波中的超谐共振稳态解,并将其作为液舱运动的外部激励。在此基础上,基于Open FOAM开源代码,采用基于VOF的两相流模型模拟液舱内气液运动,研究了船舶在超谐共振横摇条件下的液舱晃荡动特性问题。结果表明,在超谐共振横摇条件下,自由液面易出现翻卷、破碎等强非线性现象,舱壁压力时历表现出多峰型特征,其峰值要远大与简谐激励的情况,而且舱内液体晃荡在两个谐波成分的差频附近发生共振响应。     

SPH方法在自由面问题中的应用

作为无网格粒子法,SPH法在处理大变形、自由面流动问题时具有显著的优势.介绍了SPH法的基本数值方法,并基于SPH法数值模拟了2个二维溃坝问题,将计算结果与试验数据进行了比较,结果表明:SPH法在处理自由面时具有很强的适应性.尽管水面发生了翻卷、破碎等剧烈的变化,但SPH法仍然能够较好地捕捉到这些流动现象,同时数值模拟得到的水头位置和自由面形状均能与试验结果相吻合,表明SPH法在处理自由面问题时具有较高的准确性及可靠性.     

移动粒子半隐式法晃荡模拟中的压力震荡现象研究

使用移动粒子半隐式法(MPS)模拟了液舱晃荡现象.模拟中选用了3种不同的典型核函数,结果表明,有限值的核函数更适合晃荡现象的模拟.针对由自由表面判定条件引起的压力震荡现象,本文使用了不同的自由表面判定条件,发现较小β能够减少由自由表面判定条件引起的压力震荡;进而使用面积-时间平均法处理压力震荡,取得了不错的效果.在面积平均法中,使用了一种权重式平均法,以减轻平均面积中存在压力畸点的影响;在时间平均法中,结果表明在合适的范围内,平均时间段越长,消除压力震荡的效果就越明显.     

二维矩形水槽晃荡过程的SPH方法模拟

新型LNG船的液仓内液体晃荡涉及非线性自由表面大变形运动.针对容器的运动所激发的内部流体的强迫晃荡问题,该文运用光滑质点水动力学(SPH)方法对二维矩形水槽的纵荡过程和纵摇过程进行了数值模拟.纵荡过程中边界处的自由液面高度的时间历程曲线与前人的结果相比符合较好,结果还显示了当激励频率接近容器一阶固有频率时出现了对容器上边界的砰击和自由水面的破碎现象,并分析了砰击作用对计算的影响;同时考虑纵荡和纵摇激励时,模拟表明当相位相同时波面的运动幅度最小,而相位差为180度时波面的运动幅度最大,并且其综合效果是非线性的.     

低充水液舱晃荡气垫效应的数值分析

为了研究空气可压缩性对液仓晃荡和流体动力载荷的影响,建立了基于NS方程和VOF方法的自由表面流动数学模型,其中气相可作为可压缩介质。通过单涡演化、溃坝和受迫晃荡三个典型算例的计算,验证了数值方法的有效性。与现有的实验结果对比发现,考虑气相可压缩的两相流模型能合理地反映液仓侧壁的压力振荡过程,而基于气相不可压缩假定的数值模型则无法给出合理的结果。采用空气可压缩的两相流模型,给出了不同背景压强作用下液舱晃荡形态及液体对壁面的拍击力。通过比较壁面监测点的压力时间过程线的计算结果和现有的实验数据,表明考虑空气可压缩性的两相流模型可以很好地预报最大压力峰值,并较合理地给出压力振荡过程,因此有必要在液仓晃荡与流动动力预报中考虑空气的气垫效应。     

红土镍矿运输船倾覆特性数值研究

为深入揭示易流态货物运输船倾覆发生特性,该文以一舱段为研究对象,采用Herschel-Bulkley和Bingham方程对含水量40%的流态红土镍矿应力-应变特性进行描述,结合VOF方法建立了流态货物舱内晃荡数值计算模型;采用简化物面非线性方法求解舱段外部流场,并建立了流态货物舱内晃荡和舱段间横摇耦合运动数值模型。该模型完整地考虑了流态货物海运过程中舱内晃荡力矩及其对舱段回复力矩削弱的共同作用。结果表明,流态货物舱内晃荡引起的横摇运动不对称现象以及较高的波浪幅值和共振频率是导致易流态货物运输船发生倾覆的主要因素。     

带液舱FPSO船内外流场耦合的数值分析

带液舱FPSO船舶运动时对液舱晃荡的影响明显,而被影响的液舱晃荡会反过来改变FPSO船舶运动性能。该文采用基于开源代码OpenFOAM平台自主开发的CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,对带有液舱的FPSO进行内外流场耦合数值模拟,对放开横荡自由度和不放开横荡自由度下的FPSO船舶运动和液舱晃荡进行了模拟研究;并对这两种状态下的船舶运动曲线和液舱抨击压力进行了比较。     

三维台阶型月池非线性共振运动特性数值研究

该文以无限水深下无台阶、有台阶月池的固定船体为研究对象,采用基于势流理论的WAMIT和有限体积法的STAR-CCM+的数值方法,计算月池活塞共振、晃荡共振及次共振时自由面运动,分析流体黏性、月池台阶对月池自由面运动和共振模态的影响以及非线性效应。结果表明：流体黏性抑制了共振时自由面运动响应,月池台阶上自由面运动响应增大,皆使活塞共振模态曲线变陡峭及一阶晃荡共振模态曲线变平缓;带台阶月池中的非线性效应使自由面运动响应增大,共振模态曲线变陡峭,且非线性效应随着入射波波高的增大而增强,次共振频率下,高次谐波响应占总响应的比值较大,非线性效应显著。     

三维溃坝波绕方柱剧烈流动的数值模拟

该文采用自主开发的非定常黏性流动问题求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,对三维溃坝波和直立方柱相互作用问题进行数值模拟.求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU是基于开源代码OpenFOAM的数据结构、工具箱和基本流场求解器,专门面向研究船舶与海洋工程水动力学问题而开发的数值计算程序,它可以模拟三维波与物体相互作用等复杂问题,能够较精确的模拟波浪破碎、翻卷等复杂自由面演化过程.计算结果给出了三维溃坝波的演化过程,包括溃坝波和直立方柱相互作用过程中的波面爬高、破碎及翻卷现象,给出了方柱附近的涡流场;并分析了流体黏性效应的影响,得到了直立方柱受溃坝波拍击作用的水动力时间演化过程图,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.计算结果表明,采用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器可以有效地模拟有复杂波面演化的剧烈流动问题,较准确地预报波浪在结构物上的爬高和拍击力.     

Comparative study of MPS method and level-set method for sloshing flows

This paper presents a comparative study of a meshless level-set method in the simulation of sloshing flows. The numerical moving particle semi-implicit （MPS） method and a grid based schemes of the MPS and level-set methods are outlined and two violent sloshing cases are considered. The computed results are compared with the corresponding experimental data for validation. The impact pressure and the deformations of free surface induced by sloshing are comparatively analyzed, and are in good agreement with experimental ones. Results show that both the MPS and level-set methods are good tools for simulation of violent sloshing flows. However, the second pressure peaks as well as breaking and splashing of free surface by the MPS method are captured better than by the level-set method.     

A numerical study of violent sloshing problems with modified MPS method

A numerical study on violent liquid sloshing phenomenon in a partially filled rectangular container is carried out by using moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method. The present study deals with the implementation of five modifications all together over the original MPS method. The modifications include improved source terms for pressure Poisson equation, special approximation technique for the representation of gradient differential operator, collective action of mixed free surface particle identification boundary conditions, effecting Neumann boundary condition on solving the PPE and fixing judiciously the parting distance among particles to prevent collision. The suitability of the kernel function used in the original MPS method along with these five modifications is investigated for violent sloshing problems. The present model ensures a good agreement between numerical results with the existing experimental observations. The model is successfully applied to a partially filled tank undergoing horizontal sinusoidal excitation to compute the sloshing wave amplitudes and pressure on tank walls. The assessment of dynamic behaviour manifested in terms of base shear, overturning moment and impact pressure load exerted on tank ceiling induced by violent sloshing motion using MPS method is not reported in the open literature and has been efficiently carried out in the present study.     

具有隔板容器中液体晃荡的数值模拟

在容器中装置隔板来抑制液体晃荡是一种常见的工程措施。此文针对具有隔板的矩形容器中液体晃荡问题,采用时域高阶边界元方法建立了自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件的数学模型。求解中采用了半混合欧拉-拉格朗日方法追踪流体瞬时水面,并运用四阶龙格库塔方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势。通过与文献的数值结果的对比,验证了本模型的准确性。通过大量数值试验,研究了隔板位置、尺寸和形式等因素对容器内晃荡液体运动特性、动力特性和容器固有频率的影响。     

THE EQUIVALENT MECHANICAL MODELS OF LIQUID SLOSHING IN A SPHERICAL TANK WITH SPACER UNDER LOW GRAVITY

The dynamics of liquid sloshing in a spherical tank with spacer under low gravity was investigated. By extending the characteristic functions, the frequencies of liquid free-sloshing, reaction force and moments on the wall of tank were obtained. By mechanical equivalent principle, the equivalent models of spring-vibrator-damper of liquid sloshing were given. The numerical results obtained show when a spacer is inserted in the tank, the sloshing frequency of liquid and the sloshing mass of liquid will decrease.     

不同液舱结构形式对晃荡的影响分析

本文就不同液舱结构形式对晃荡所产生的影响进行了分析研究。根据晃荡问题的特点及其液舱结构形式，建辛了数学模型。采用有限差分法离散流体运动方程，VOF法追踪自由表面，通度系数概念处理液舱内的障碍物。最后通过编制的计算程序，计算分析了不同结构形式液舱的防晃效果。     

薄膜型LNG液舱中浮式制荡板的数值模拟研究

薄膜型液舱广泛用于FLNG(浮式液化天然气储存装置)、FSRU(浮式储存和再气化装置)和LNGC等LNG储运装置,液舱晃荡是目前国际上的一个重要的研究热点。晃荡会产生沿舱壁的爬高和冲击,各国研究人员相继提出了各类制荡措施,以确保液舱安全。该文根据港口工程中浮式防波堤的原理,提出在液舱壁面附近安装浮式制荡板的新设想。首先,针对日本学者提出的在液舱中部放置浮式制荡板的方案,建立带有浮式制荡板的二维液舱晃荡数学模型,并与其试验结果进行对比,验证了该数学模型的有效性;然后,采用该数学模型,对文中提出的方案,进行数值模拟和分析,探讨新型浮式制荡装置对制荡效果的影响,为下一步的结构优化和实船应用奠定基础。     

带自由液面 Navier-Stokes 流动问题的ALE 分步有限元方法

将任意的拉格朗日 欧拉 (ArbitraryLagrange Euler,简称ALE)描述引入到Navier Stokes方程中 ,以速度和压力为基本变量 ,在时间域上采用分步求解格式 ,利用Galerkin加权余量法推导了分步格式的ALE有限元数值离散方程。并对带有自由液面的Navier Stokes流动问题的定解条件进行了分析讨论。最后利用所得到的ALE分步有限元方法对二维及三维不可压粘性液体大幅晃动问题进行了算例数值模拟 ,数值计算结果验证了本文方法及计算机仿真软件的正确性与可靠性     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.     

Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Forced Sloshing in A Turning Spherical Tank with A Spacer Under Low Gravity

Under the condition of low gravity the characteristics of liquid forced sloshing in a turning spherical tank with a spacer were investigated. The static shape of the liquid surface was analyzed. By expanding the characteristic functions, the frequencies and velocity potential of liquid free-sloshing were derived. The governing equations and boundary conditions for the forced sloshing of liquid under the tank turning were established. The transverse force of liquid acting on the tank and the moment of force to the centre of the tank which is caused by the force of liquid acting on the spacer were given. Numerical results were compared with the ones of the spherical tank without a spacer. The results show that when a spacer is inserted in the tank, the sloshing frequency of liquid and the transverse force of liquid acting on the tank will decrease, but the moment of force to the centre of the tank which is caused by the force of liquid acting on the spacer will occur.