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新的基于Kalman滤波的跟踪方法 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
模板更新策略是匹配跟踪算法成败的关键,为了提高基于模板匹配跟踪算法的性能,在分析多种模板更新算法的基础上,给出使用Kalman滤波器更新模板的方法。该方法不再将模板图像视为一个整体,而是使用Kalman滤波器对模板图像逐像素点进行更新,以得到自适应和最佳的目标模板图像,使匹配跟踪算法的性能得到很大提高,特别对于目标被遮挡、目标姿态变化以及环境照度变化有很强的适应性。对匹配算法的改进和遮挡的处理使该算法的性能得到进一步提高。实验结果表明该方法行之有效。 相似文献
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基于卡尔曼滤波器的运动目标跟踪算法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了有效解决运动目标遮挡时目标信息容易丢失从而导致跟踪失败的问题,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波器的运动目标跟踪算法。该算法首先利用高斯混合模型的背景差分法,结合空间邻域的相关性信息得到运动目标图像,然后通过建立帧间关系矩阵将跟踪情况分为5种状态分别进行处理,这5种状态是新目标出现、目标匹配、目标遮挡、目标分离和目标消失。采用卡尔曼滤波器预测目标参数,建立目标在下一帧中的预测信息。当运动目标相互遮挡时,在卡尔曼滤波器预测区域内采用交叉搜索法实现多个运动目标的精确匹配。通过多个视频序列测试,该算法能够获得良好的跟踪结果。 相似文献
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非侵入式眼睛跟踪在许多基于视觉的人机交互应用中扮演十分重要的角色,但由于眼睛运动的强非线性,如何确保眼睛跟踪过程中对外界干扰的鲁棒性以及跟踪精确度是其应用的关键问题。为提高眼睛跟踪的鲁棒性和精确度,提出强跟踪五阶容积卡尔曼滤波算法(ST-5thCKF),将强跟踪滤波(STF)次优渐消因子引入具有接近最少容积采样点且保持五阶滤波精确度的五阶容积卡尔曼滤波(5thCKF),获取5thCKF对强非线性良好滤波精确度同时具备STF对外界干扰的鲁棒性。真实条件下的实验结果验证了所提算法在眼睛跟踪中的有效性。 相似文献
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Kalman filter has been successfully applied to tracking moving objects in real-time situations. However, the filter cannot take into account the existing prior knowledge to improve its predictions. In the moving object tracking, the trajectories of multiple targets in the same environment could be available, which can be viewed as the prior knowledge for the tracking procedure. This paper presents the probabilistic Kalman filter (PKF) that is able to take into account the stored trajectories to improve tracking estimation. The PKF has an extra stage after two steps of the Kalman filter to refine the estimated position of the targets. The refinement is obtained by applying the Viterbi algorithm to a probabilistic graph, that is constructed based on the observed trajectories. The graph is built in the offline situation and could be adapted in the online tracking. The proposed tracker has higher accuracy compared to the standard Kalman filter and could handle widespread problems such as occlusion. Another significant achievement of the proposed tracker is to track an object with anomalous behaviors by drawing an inference based on the constructed probabilistic graph. The PKF was applied to several manually-built videos and several other video-bases containing severe occlusions, which demonstrates a significant performance in comparison with other state-of-the-art trackers. 相似文献
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Video object tracking using adaptive Kalman filter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shiuh-Ku Chung-Ming Shu-Kang 《Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation》2006,17(6):1190-1208
In this paper, a new video moving object tracking method is proposed. In initialization, a moving object selected by the user is segmented and the dominant color is extracted from the segmented target. In tracking step, a motion model is constructed to set the system model of adaptive Kalman filter firstly. Then, the dominant color of the moving object in HSI color space will be used as feature to detect the moving object in the consecutive video frames. The detected result is fed back as the measurement of adaptive Kalman filter and the estimate parameters of adaptive Kalman filter are adjusted by occlusion ratio adaptively. The proposed method has the robust ability to track the moving object in the consecutive frames under some kinds of real-world complex situations such as the moving object disappearing totally or partially due to occlusion by other ones, fast moving object, changing lighting, changing the direction and orientation of the moving object, and changing the velocity of moving object suddenly. The proposed method is an efficient video object tracking algorithm. 相似文献
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针对波动性较大目标跟踪,传统Kalman滤波算法鲁棒性和实时性不足,提出一种基于多尺度特征提取的Kalman跟踪算法.前帧目标区域特征点匹配出后续帧目标区域特征点,并以后者特征点为中心,建立搜索区域,避免了遍历整幅后续帧图像,快速地为Kalman滤波方程状态后验值提供了稳定的观测信号和观测残差.实验证明,这种作为约束条... 相似文献
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提高跟踪准确度是雷达发展的重要方向之一,本文通过建立的雷达跟踪模型,从批处理的角度,将多个状态矢量联合进行处理,并改进了量测方程,给出了一种使用序列批处理Kalman滤波(SBKF)以提高雷达跟踪准确度的新手段。通过仿真实验看出,相比传统扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法,序列批处理Kalman滤波的结果更接近真实值,有更好的收敛性,能得到更加稳定的滤波结果,有效地抑制了量测方程非线性化和野值带来的影响。 相似文献
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Singh H.P. Sadler R.A. Irvine J.A. Gorder G.E. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1989,36(2):240-249
A high-speed 4-bit ALU, 4×4-bit multiplier, and 8×8-bit multiplier/accumulator have been implemented in low-power GaAs enhanced/depletion E/D direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL). Circuits are fabricated with a high-yield titanium tungsten nitride self-aligned gate MESFET process. The 4-bit ALU performs at up to 1.2 GHz with only 131-mW power dissipation. The multiplication time for the 4×4-bit array multiplier is 940 ps, which is the fastest multiplication time reported for any semiconductor technology. The 8×8-bit two's complement multiplier/accumulator uses 4278 FETs (1317 logic gates) and exhibits a multiplication time of 3.17 ns. the fastest yet reported for a multiplier of this type. Yield on the best wafer for the 4×4-bit and 8×8-bit circuits is 94 and 43%, respectively. A digital arithmetic subsystem has been demonstrated, consisting of the 8×8-bit multiplier/accumulator, two of the 4-bit ALUs, three logical multiplexers, and a logical demultiplexer. The subsystem performs arithmetic and logic functions required in signal processing at clock rates as high as 325 MHz 相似文献
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为了解决光电经纬仪由于机动目标运动模型不准确而引起的跟踪精度下降的问题,采用了单隐层前向神经网络(SLFNs)进行建模,提出了基于状态参数双重扩展卡尔曼滤波估计的共轴跟踪控制技术。仿真与实验结果显示,对83.33sin0.6t的等效正弦目标的速度估计最大误差为0.070 9()/s,跟踪精度为2.42';对旋转周期为4.5 s的光学动态靶标的跟踪精度达到2.96'以内。由此可见,所建立的模型与机动目标实际模型匹配,双重扩展卡尔曼滤波器(DEKF)能快速跟踪和估计状态参数。与传统控制方法相比,提出的方法具有更高的跟踪能力,能有效提高系统的跟踪精度。 相似文献
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扩展卡尔曼滤波在目标跟踪中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
扩展卡尔曼滤波在非平稳矢量信号和噪声环境下具有广泛的应用,针对机动目标运动模型的特点,采用基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的算法对运动目标进行跟踪处理,该算法首先建立了运动目标的状态模型和观测模型,然后对观测数据进行滤波和误差估计处理,最后通过计算机的蒙特卡洛仿真得到了滤波轨迹和运动目标的距离和角度误差,仿真结果表明,扩展卡尔曼滤波算法具有很好的目标跟踪性能. 相似文献
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多站无源跟踪量测方程非线性强,对跟踪算法的稳定性及精度提出了更高的要求。为实现稳定高精度跟踪,提出了新的基于边缘化卡尔曼滤波(MKF)的多机无源跟踪算法。该算法将非线性的量测方程表示为p阶Hermite多项式的加权和,将加权矩阵的先验分布建模为高斯过程,求得其后验分布后对其进行积分来消除加权矩阵的影响,最终可得对状态及其协方差矩阵估计的闭式解。以只测角跟踪为例对所提算法性能进行验证,仿真结果表明,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法、不敏卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法及容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法,所提算法具有更好的跟踪性能。 相似文献
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车载火控系统自动跟踪的卡尔曼滤波 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
传统以坦克炮塔坐标系为基准的火控系统很难完成高速动对动状态下的精准射击,针对此问题,通过基于大地坐标系的坐标变换,建立了一种车载火控系统高速动对动状态下,进行自动跟踪时敌我两车瞬时运动关系的运动学模型.利用车栽激光测距仪和车载传感器的实时量测数据,使用卡尔曼滤波算法对目标的运动轨迹进行预测,从而实现车载火控系统的自动跟踪,射击准备时间由过去的10s左右缩短到了4s以内,理论上使得坦克首发命中率由过去的50%~70%提高到了90%以上.通过仿真验证了预测结果较为精确和理想,为提高车载火控系统的性能、发展全数字火控系统作了有益的尝试. 相似文献