水中爆炸冲击波对靶体结构的毁伤准则研究

为了准确评估水中爆炸冲击波对靶体结构造成的毁伤程度,给出了冲击波毁伤威力参量的一般形式W~n/R(W为装药质量,R为爆距,n为待定系数),并在量纲分析推导W~n/R与结构毁伤的函数关系的基础上,提出了采用W~n/R作为水中爆炸冲击波毁伤准则与判据的通用形式。利用AUTODYN软件模拟了水中爆炸冲击波分别对圆板和圆筒靶体结构的作用,对比分析了以不同冲击波毁伤威力参量作为毁伤准则与判据的等毁伤曲线。结果表明,冲击波峰压、能流密度(冲击因子)、比冲量等威力参量均不能独立作为毁伤准则与判据;基于W~n/R提出的毁伤准则与判据在评估靶体结构的毁伤程度时误差更小,均方差仅为其他准则的8%～36%;所提出的W~n/R可视为一种峰压—比冲量联合形式的毁伤准则与判据,根据不同条件n的取值在0.333～N_i之间。所提出毁伤准则和判据用于评估水中爆炸冲击波对靶体结构的毁伤时具有良好的通用性和实用性。     

炸药水中爆炸规律的研究进展

通过对比炸药空中爆炸的特性,阐述了水中爆炸的显著特点,分析和总结了炸药水中爆炸规律的研究现状,包括水中爆炸冲击波理论研究、气泡脉动和目标对炸药水中爆炸的动态响应等,并根据已有的研究现状,提出了目前炸药水中爆炸机理的两大类研究热点和发展培势,即应重点进行炸药水中爆炸毁伤作用及水中爆炸载荷的能量输出结构研究,深入研究目标对于炸药水中爆炸近场能量输出结构的动态响应过程。附参考文献31篇。     

Al/AP对RDX基复合炸药水中爆炸参数的影响

以RDX为主炸药,通过添加不同含量的Al粉和AP制成6种RDX基复合炸药,采用水中爆炸实验研究,从冲击波参数和气泡参数等方面分析了Al粉和AP对复合炸药水中爆炸性能的影响。结果表明,主炸药含量不变时,随着Al与AP摩尔比的增大,冲击波峰值压力、时间常数、冲量和能流密度都逐渐减小,气泡周期、气泡能和最大气泡半径先增大后减小,当Al与AP的摩尔比为3.8左右时,达到最大值。     

含铝炸药与理想炸药能量输出结构的数值模拟

采用AUTODYN计算软件,对含铝炸药与理想炸药水中爆炸能量输出结构进行了数值模拟,讨论了人工黏性对计算结果的影响,对冲击波压力历程进行了对比分析.结果表明,含铝炸药PBXN-105水中爆炸时由于铝粉的二次燃烧放热,能够在较远距离处保持较大的冲击波能,作功能力高于理想炸药PBX9010.含铝炸药水中爆炸能量输出结构的数值模拟可以为炸药的配方设计提供一定的依据.     

炸药爆炸能量的水中测试与分析

介绍了炸药爆炸能量的水中测试方法,对TNT和3种新设计的含铝炸药进行了水中爆炸的实验研究,比较了各炸药的爆炸性能.结果表明,发现冲击波峰值超压、冲量和冲击波能流密度等参数较好地符合爆炸相似律,得到了新配方各参数的爆炸相似律系数.计算了炸药的冲击波能和气泡能,并提出了计算爆炸总能量的方法.把实验测得的炸药的总能量与KHTR程序计算的爆热进行对比,二者符合得较好,说明了KHTR程序可用.     

低附带毁伤弹药爆炸威力的理论分析与试验研究

为适应现代反恐作战的需求,提出了一种新型低附带毁伤弹药,根据爆炸力学相关理论建立了杀伤元抛撒速度与复合材料外壳、装药三者之间的关系模型.通过静爆试验,利用压力传感器测试出3种不同装药爆炸后的超压曲线.结果表明,从压力曲线来看复合材料外壳装药与纯炸药、发泡塑料外壳装药爆炸产生的冲击波超压曲线不同,正压作用时间长.最后得出,与传统杀爆弹相比低附带毁伤弹的杀伤区域较小,而在较小的杀伤区域内杀伤效应更强.     

圆柱壳结构水下爆炸冲击波毁伤的吸收冲量准则

为了准确评估水下爆炸冲击波对圆柱壳结构造成的破坏程度，考虑了冲击波与目标耦合过程中的冲量传递效率因素，给出了球面冲击波作用下圆柱壳吸收冲量的积分计算方法，并提出用其作为圆柱壳结构的毁伤准则威力参量。为了避免工程计算困难的问题，进一步给出了无需积分计算的近似简化算法。借助相关文献数据，对比分析了准则的准确度与适用性。结果表明，相对于冲击波峰压准则、比冲量准则以及能流密度准则，吸收冲量准则可以更准确地对比圆柱壳目标在不同工况下的毁伤效果，与圆柱壳结构毁伤程度具有更强的相关性，均方误差比其他准则降低76%以上；吸收冲量准则的简化计算方法可以准确逼近积分方法的结果，以文中工况为例，相对误差均在0.9%以内。所提出的毁伤准则具有良好的准确度和适用性，为准确评估水下爆炸冲击波对圆柱壳结构的毁伤效果提供了新的支撑。     

含铝炸药水中爆炸能量输出结构

通过测定、计算、分析不同类型炸药水中爆炸能量输出参数，揭示了不同类型炸药在水中爆炸能量输出特性，分析了高威力含铝炸药组成铝氧比对水中爆炸能量输出结构的影响。研究结果表明，在一定的对比距离上，当铝氧比为0．35—0．40时，水中爆炸冲击波能达到最高；当铝氧比增大到1．00时，其水中爆炸的气泡能接近最大值。这种方法可使水中爆炸装置能量输出结构与爆炸目标的易损性相匹配，借以提高温炸毁伤效果。     

PVDF计在水中爆炸近场压力测试中的应用

为得到炸药水中爆炸冲击波在一定近场范围内的压力剖面曲线和峰值压力随传播距离的衰减规律,采用在炸药起爆轴线上布置4个PVDF计测量冲击波压力以及在相同实验情况下对炸药轴线上冲击波轨迹进行高速扫描的方法,研究了PVDF计测试近场压力的可行性.结果表明,PVDF计可以用于水中爆炸近场冲击波压力的测量,在量程允许范围内,能得到较准确的冲击波压力峰值;在冲击波强度小于4GPa的情况下,得到了冲击波的压力衰减历程,获得近场压力剖面曲线,对评估舰船抗爆性能具有重要意义.     

壳体约束强度对温压炸药空中爆炸性能的影响

为评估壳体约束强度对温压炸药爆炸性能的影响,对不同壳体约束强度下的固体温压炸药进行野外静爆试验,用AUTODYN软件对该过程进行数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,相同装药条件下,裸装药爆炸冲击波参数值、冲击波衰减速率和后燃峰压力值大于带壳装药;铝壳体装药爆炸冲击波参数值、冲击波衰减速率和后燃峰压力值较钢壳体装药高;数值模拟得到的冲击波曲线形态、峰值及冲量与试验结果吻合较好,且裸装药爆炸冲击波的后燃峰到达时间较带壳装药早,铝壳体装药爆炸冲击波的后燃峰到达时间较钢壳体早;初始冲击波超压值受壳厚影响较大,壳体的存在使冲击波的传播滞后。     

Effect of Al/O Ratio on the Detonation Performance and Underwater Explosion of HMX‐based Aluminized Explosives

The performance of detonation and underwater explosion (UNDEX) of a six‐formula HMX‐based aluminized explosive was examined by detonation and UNDEX experiments. The detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and detonation heat of HMX‐based aluminized explosive were measured. The reliability between the experimental results and those calculated by an empirical formula and the KHT code was verfied. UNDEX experiments were carried out on the propagation of a shock wave and a bubble pulse of a 1 kg cylindrical HMX‐based aluminized explosive underwater at a depth of 4.7 m. Based on the experimental results of the shock wave, the coefficients of similarity law equation for the peak pressure and attenuation time constant of shock wave were in acceptable agreement. The bubble motion during UNDEX was simulated using MSC.DYTRAN software, and the radius time curves of bubbles were determined. The effect of the aluminum/oxygen ratio on the performance of the detonation and UNDEX for an HMX‐based aluminized explosive was discussed.     

壳体厚度和爆炸深度对水下爆炸冲击波的影响

根据Cole水下爆炸冲击波经验公式和C-J爆轰理论,用AUTODYN软件对带壳小药量装药水下爆炸进行数值模拟,计算了不同壳体厚度的TNT水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值,得到带壳装药水下爆炸冲击波峰值压力的拟合公式,分析了冲击波随装药壳厚与半径比以及爆炸深度的变化规律.结果表明,带壳装药水下爆炸的冲击波峰值压力随壳厚与装药半径比...     

铝粉含量和粒径对乳化炸药作功能力的影响

为研究铝粉对乳化炸药作功能力的影响,在负氧平衡的乳化炸药中分别添加不同含量和粒径的铝粉,采用测时仪法测定其爆速;通过水下爆炸实验计算出含铝乳化炸药的比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量等参数。结果表明,当铝粉(粒径为5μm和35μm)质量分数为5%时,含铝乳化炸药的爆速最大,分别为5 128、5 071m/s;当铝粉(粒径为5μm和35μm)质量分数为20%时,乳化炸药的比冲击波能、比气泡能、总能量均随着铅粉含量的增加而增大,比冲击波能分别增加19.7%、15.3%;比气泡能分别增加12.6%、13.7%,总能量分别增加15.1%、14.5%。     

Effect of Aluminum Fiber Content on the Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX‐based Explosives

In order to analyze the effect of aluminum fiber contents on the underwater explosion performance of RDX‐based explosives, the pressure‐time curves of composite explosives with different aluminum fiber contents are measured by underwater explosion experiments. Peak pressure, impulse, shock energy, and bubble energy were obtained by analyzing the curves. The results show that the peak pressures of composite explosives decrease with increasing aluminum fiber contents. The shock impulse of the 30 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The effects of the 20 % and 40 % composite explosives are nearly equal to that of the 30 % explosive, and the different values of shock impulse among them do not exceed 5 %. The specific shock energy of the 20 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The bubble energy and explosion energy of composite explosives increase with increasing aluminum fiber contents.     

Numerical Modeling Evaluation of Underwater Energies

The underwater detonation of explosives has been modeled using the one-dimensional code SIN. Conditions for the modeling are carefully chosen so that equilibrium product isentropes calculated with BKW equation of state can be used with enough accuracy. The characteristics of the shock wave and gas bubble pulsation are used for the evaluation of underwater energies. Values of the shock wave and bubble parameters obtained, and of the shock and bubble energies, are compared with data available from literature for both ideal and non-ideal explosives. The modeling appears to be able to predict fairly accurately the underwater energies of explosives with quasi-ideal behavior, while it overestimates energies of non-ideal compositions, particularly the shock energy.     

Decreasing the parameters of an air shock wave using an air-water curtain

The efficiency of using an air-water drop curtain for protection from the force and noise action of an air shock wave generated by an open explosion is studied experimentally. It is shown that the curtain generated by outburst of sprayed water after an advanced underwater explosion of a demolition cord is a reliable means of pressure decrease at the shock-wave front. The dependence of the “effective coefficient of charge-mass reduction” on the position of the curtain relative to the point of explosion, its length, time of evolution, and other conditions was studied. Zones with local pressure increase or decrease in the shock wave were found, which is explained by imposition of secondary compression and expansion waves on the shock wave. Possible physical mechanisms that ensure the protective effect are considered. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 120–130, May–June, 2000.     

MgH2型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的制备及其爆轰性能

为了提高乳化炸药的爆炸威力,研制出了一种MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药。该乳化炸药采用包覆后的MgH₂与玻璃微球复合敏化,两种材料分别起到含能添加剂和敏化剂的作用。通过研究“热点”数量和包覆材料对炸药爆轰性能的影响,确定了MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的配方。利用水下爆炸实验和猛度实验,研究了MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的爆轰特征参数和水下爆炸特性。实验结果表明,MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的铅柱压缩量为24.3 mm,达到军用炸药的猛度;与传统玻璃微球型乳化炸药相比,其水下爆炸峰值压力虽然下降了4.90%,但比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量分别提高了7.83%、22.94%和18.32%。MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的猛度和做功能力得到了显著提高。