原位自生TiAl3增强Al基复合材料的组织结构及形成机理研究

采用冷喷涂技术沉积Ti-80Al（wt.%）复合涂层,通过热处理获得了原位自生TiAl3金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料涂层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析了冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层在不同热处理温度下的组织结构演变规律及Ti、Al粒子间原位扩散反应过程,并对TiAl3金属间化合物的形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,冷喷涂Ti/Al复合涂层组织致密,其相结构与喷涂粉末完全相同,450℃热处理后涂层局部区域发生Ti、Al间的固态扩散反应,并在Ti、Al粒子界面原位形成TiAl3金属间化合物,随着热处理温度升高,TiAl3金属间化合物的含量显著增加,600℃热处理后,Ti/Al复合涂层中的Ti粒子全部转变为TiAl3金属间化合物,获得原位自生TiAl3颗粒增强的Al基复合材料.     

First Phase Selection in Solid Ti/Al Diffusion Couple

用热压法制备Ti/Al扩散偶,并在525,550,575,600℃进行热处理。结果表明:当Al未完全消耗时,TiAl3是Ti/Al界面处唯一的产物,TiAl3向Al箔一侧长大,Ti箔中没有检测到Al原子的存在。从固溶体的溶解度极限,Al、Ti和TiAl3的晶格失配度,以及新相形成所增加的界面能3个方面解释TiAl3的首先生成。Ti在Al中的溶解度极限很小,Al(Ti)固溶体很容易生成,以及Al、Ti和TiAl3的密排面错配度很小,促使TiAl3优先形核。在所有Ti-Al化合物中,形成TiAl3所增加的界面能最少,有利于TiAl3优先形核长大。由于动力学的不稳定性,其他Ti-Al化合物的生成与长大受到抑制。     

热压烧结制备钛基合金TiAl+Ti及其显微结构

在1473 K,30 MPa,1.5 h的热压条件下直接烧结TiAl金属间化合物和Ti混合粉末,制备了钛基合金(TiAl+Ti)样品,采用XRD、SEM研究了2种不同成分配比对烧结产物相组成及显微结构的影响。结果表明,不同成分配比热压烧结体的显微组织分布相差较大,但相组成基本相同;对于TiAl和Ti体积比7:3的钛基合金样品,Ti粉末中Fe元素易于固溶到Ti_2Al和Ti_3Al中,析出相主要由TiAl、Ti_2Al(Fe)、Ti_3Al(Fe)和富Ti相组成;该比例的混合粉末在热压烧结过程中发生了不同程度的扩散反应,最终形成了组织渐变的Ti/Ti_3Al(Fe)//Ti_2Al(Fe)/TiAl显微结构。     

焊后热处理对钛/铝FSB接头组织及性能的影响

研究了6082铝合金和TC4钛合金分别添加钎料锌和镍下的搅拌摩擦钎焊(FSB)搭接接头微观组织及焊后热处理后接头界面金属间化合物(IMC)的生成种类和先后顺序以及生长动力学模型。研究表明:添加钎料锌时,界面金属间化合物主要由AlZn、TiAl、TiAl2、TiAl3组成,先后顺序为TiAl2→TiAl3→TiAl→AlZn,并获得了界面IMC层的生长动力学模型为;添加钎料镍时,界面金属间化合物层主要由TiNi、Al3Ni2、Ti3Al和TiAl组成,先后顺序为776 K以下,Ti-Ni-Al焊接界面金属间化合物形成的顺序是Al3Ni2→TiNi→TiAl→Ti3Al,776 K以上时生成顺序为Al3Ni2→TiNi→Ti3Al→TiAl,并获得了界面IMC层的生长动力学模型。界面IMC层的厚度均随着温度的提高或保温时间的延长而增加。添加锌的接头的剪切强度由未热处理时的154 MPa提高到194 MPa,而添加钎料镍的接头由142 MPa提高至166 MPa。     

Microstructure and strength of TiAl/40Cr joint diffusion bonded with vanadium-copper filler metal

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,considerableinteresthasfocusedonTiAlintermetallicsbecauseofuniquepropertiessuchaslowdensity,goodstiffness,highelevatedtemperaturestrength,andexcellentoxidationresistance[1～4].TiAlintermetallicshasbeenconsideredasidealnewhight…     

TiAl/Al的连接及Ti/TiA/Al系梯度材料的制备

1473K,30MPa,1h的热压条件下烧结了Ti／Ti TiAl／TiAl粉体叠层材料,在烧结过程中,混合层Ti＋TiAl内部发生了剧烈的化学反应（Ti＋TiAl→AlTi2）,该反应波及到相邻的Ti层及TiAl层,因而形成了物相组成渐变的精细梯度结构：Ti／Ti＋AlTi2／AlTi2／AlTi2＋TiAl／TiAl．使用A176Si10Zn10Cu4质量分数,％）合金钎料在853K,20min的钎焊条件下将该材料的TiAl例与Al进行了连接界面的测试表明,钎焊过程中钎料中的元素Si向TiAl表面扩散,并有Ti-Si化合物生成对反应机理进行了探讨．最终获得的Ti／TiAl／Al系密度梯度材料不仅整体致密,而且其密度治厚度准连续变化     

金属热还原法制备钛铝中间合金

以TiO_2为原料,KClO_3为发热剂,Al为还原剂和合金化剂,Ca为深度还原剂,通过金属热还原法制备钛铝中间合金,考察了单位质量热效应、造渣剂配比和还原剂加入量及组成对反应过程稳定性、合金成分及收率的关系。研究表明:用Ca和Al作为还原剂时,体系绝热温度分别是2426和1806 K,反应制得的钛铝中间合金由Ti Al、Ti_3Al和少量的Al_2O_3夹杂相组成,化学分析合金中Ti、Al、O质量分数分别为58.36%、40.19%和1.41%。     

Study on the Formation Mechanism of the Solid Siliconized Layer on Ti-48Al Alloy

The microstructures of the siliconized specimens of Ti-48Al alloy were analyzed by SEM equipped with XEDS.The specimens were pack siliconized with the two different cementations, 15%Si+85% Al2O3 and 15%Si+85%ZrO2. The results show that a composite siliconized layer is formed on the surface of the TiAl alloy. The outer layer is the continuous Al2O3 where a lot of Si particles adhered; the inner layer is most of Ti5Si3 with amount of Al2O3 particles dispersed in. It was deduced that the Al2O3 in the cementation layer is formed by the Al atoms in the TiAl substrate react with the residual O in the furnace and in the TiAl substrate.     

Reaction procedure of a graphite fiber reinforced Ti-Al composite produced by squeeze casting-in situ reaction

The in situ reaction procedure and microstructure evolution of a graphite fiber reinforced Ti-Al composite (Grf/Ti-Al) was investigated, and the stability of TiAl3 at high temperature was discussed. As-cast material was prepared by pressing molten pure aluminum into a preform, which was composed of titanium particles and graphite fibers. The in situ reaction procedure of the as-cast material was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and phases in the products were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that TiAl3 was formed first. With an increase in temperature, TiC and Al4C3 were observed, but TiAl3 decreased. In the final product, Al2O3 and TiO2 were observed. It was considered that the previous forming TiAl3 decomposed, then TiC precipitated, and subsequently, oxidation resulted in the formation of Al2O3 and TiO2.     

热爆反应合成TiC／Al复合材料的试验研究

采用Al－Ti－C系热爆反应台成了TiC／Al复合材料、研究表明,在不同Al含量下,生成TiAl3和Al4C3的起爆温度不同;随着Al含量的增加和起爆温度下降,TiAl2和Al4C3出现的可能性增大,TiC颗粒的尺寸也变大。     

烧结温度对Micro-FAST制备TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

为解决TiAl合金成形困难的问题,以Ti、Al元素粉末为原料,采用Micro-FAST制备Ti-47Al合金,研究不同温度(7001050℃)对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响,并且探究了烧结过程中颗粒的迁移机制。结果表明,700℃烧结时不能形成典型组织,主要相为TiAl3;800℃及以上烧结时为岛状组织,主要相为大量的TiAl和少量的Ti3Al;在1050℃烧结时具有最佳的综合力学性能。烧结过程由多种扩散机制共同控制,随着烧结的进行,依次为蒸发-凝聚、体积扩散、晶界扩散和表面扩散。     

Interface microstructure and formation mechanism of diffusion-bonded joints of TiAl to steel 40Cr

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氯对TiAl基合金高温氧化行为的影响

研究了表面喷沙少量ＭｎＣｌ２及离子注入氯对ＴｉＡｌ基合金９５０℃恒温氧化行的影 响ＴｉＡｌ合金９５０℃氧化后氧化膜为ＴｉＯ２及Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物,表面涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２后, 合金氧化速度降低了４个数量级,氧化膜的成分主要为Ａｌ２Ｏ３,离子注入Ｃｌ在氧化初期也显著降低 了氧化速率,延迟了ＴｉＯ２形成时间。     

变形处理对Al-Ti-C中间合金的影响

研究了变形处理对Al-Ti-C中间合金细化效果的影响。研究表明，采用不同的变形手段对Al-Ti-C中间合金变形以后，其细化效果明显下降，而且随变形量的增加，细化效果下降愈严重。作者分析了变形后Al-Ti-C中间合金的微观组织，发现变形后TiAl3相呈断裂状态，而且在TiAl3相内部分布的TiC颗粒与其分离开来。作者认为这是造成Al-Ti-C中间合金细化效果下降的主要原因。     

AP-FIM STUDY ON THE MICROSTRUCTURES OF TiAl INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FXBRICATED BY INGOT METALLURGY AND CENTRIFUGAL SPRAY DEPOSITION

1. IntroductionTitanium aluminide alloys based on the ac-TiAl phase are attractive materials for hightemperature structural application. The strength and ductility of two-phase TiAl alloys aremainly decided on microstructural size and morphologiesll32]. The mechanical propertiesof ac--TiAl alloys can be widely changed by microstructural control with millor alloyingand processing. It will be seen that an advanced processing, centrifugal spray deposition(CSD), can offer alloys with a refined…     

An Al+Y Coating Process for Improvement of the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of a TiAl Alloy

An Al+Y codeposition by a single EB–PVD process has been developed to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of a TiAl alloy. The Al+Y codeposited TiAl alloy with various ratios of Al and Y evaporation sources was evaluated by isothermal and cyclic-oxidation tests. The coating layer has a composition gradient because of the difference in vapor pressure between Y and Al. The oxidation resistance can be extensively improved by the formation of an Al+Y codeposition layer and it depends on the ratio of the source material of Al and Y. The best oxidation resistance was obtained from the Al+Y codeposited TiAl alloy with a ratio of Al:2Y. With the proper ratio of Al:Y, the Al+Y codeposition coating forms two layers of the oxides during high-temperature oxidation+the outer (Y, Al)O layer and the inner Al₂O₃ layer, containing small amounts of Y oxide. These oxide layers, which have a fine grain size, act as a diffusion barrier, thus suppressing the rate of inward diffusion of O and may readily relieve thermal stresses.     

铝热反应制备Al-Ti-C中间合金的研究

铝热反应是工业生产实践中制备Ａｌ－Ｔｉ及Ａｌ－Ｔｉ系中间合金的重要理论基础。本文利用Ｘ射线衍射相分析、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭＥ）、能谱（ＥＤＳ）分析以及化学分析等方法对铝热反应法制备了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ中间合金的过程进行了研究,结果表明反应初期非常剧烈,后期达到平衡。铝热反应由３个具体的反应构成。反应初期,生成了ＴｉＡｌ３,并出现了ＴｉＣ以及亚稳态的ＴｉＡｌ９相;反应后期ＴｉＡｌ９相消失,出现了少量Ａｌ４Ｃ     

Interface structure and formation mechanism of diffusion-bonded joints of TiAl-based alloy to titanium alloy

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用正电子湮没技术研究Zr和Nb在TiAl合金中的行为

测量了ＴｉＡｌ,Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ４８Ｚｒ２和Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ４８Ｎｂ２的正电子寿命谱,并利用正电子寿命参数分别计算了合金基体和缺陷态的自由电子密度。ＴｉＡｌ合金基体的自由电子密度比金属Ｔｉ和金属Ａｌ基体的低,当Ｔｉ和Ａｌ组成ＴｉＡｌ合金时,Ｔｉ原子和Ａｌ原子的部分价电子被局域化,ＴｉＡｌ合金中金属健和共键共存。ＴｉＡｌ合金晶界缺陷的开空间较大,晶界缺陷处的自由电子密度较低,金属键结合力较弱,材料易发生沿晶     

Microstructure and strength of the TiAl/40Cr joint diffusion-bonded with Ti-V-Cu filler metal

In this study,intermetallic TiAl and steel 40Cr diffusion bonded successfully by using a composite barrien layer Ti/V/Cu,In this case,a diphase Ti3Al TiAl layer and a Ti solid solution which enhance the strength of the joint are obtained at the TiAl/Ti interface.The interface of TiAl/Ti/V/Cu/40Cr was free from intermetallic compounds and other brittle phases,and the strength of the joint was as high as 420MPa,very close to that of the TiAl base.This method gives a reliable bonding of intermetallic TiAl and steel 40Cr.