一种新型热湿独立控制系统冬季工况下的实验研究

热湿独立控制系统对显热和潜热负荷分开独立处理和控制,通常比传统热泵空调系统高效节能。在冬季工况下对一种新型的湿负荷处理系统(DESICA)以及其与VRV组合构成的热湿独立控制系统进行了实验测试,并将实验结果与传统全热交换器(HRV)和VRV构成的复合系统进行比较研究。研究结果表明:与传统HRVVRV复合系统相比,DESICAVRV复合系统能提供更舒适的室内环境(室温21℃左右,相对湿度50%左右);同时,DESICAVRV系统的能耗降低9%。     

热湿地区办公建筑空调冷冻水变温调节分析

依据BIN能耗分析负荷计算方法,以广州为例,分析了热湿地区办公类建筑在不同室外气象参数下的负荷特点,并研究了在风机盘管加新风系统中冷冻水温度变化对末端空气处理设备全热、显热、潜热以及热湿比的影响,通过计算实例,给出了热湿地区办公类建筑分阶段变水温运行方案。     

除湿换热器串联换热器强化除湿降温性能实验研究

除湿换热器可以同时处理显热与潜热负荷,但由于吸附热的影响,存在热湿负荷处理不同步及显热负荷处理能力不足的问题。本文提出了在除湿换热器后面串联一个显热换热器对空气进行二次处理,搭建了实验台对除湿换热器串联换热器情况下除湿降温过程的动态性能进行测试,并且在实验中分析了水温、进风温度、湿度、速度等主要参数对除湿量、降温量、制冷功率、COP的影响。结果表明:增加显热换热器可以大幅度增加处理空气的平均降温温差,在除湿初期阶段效果尤为明显,同时系统的制冷量也明显提高。此外,分析各参数对实验结果的影响可知,冷水温度与热水温度升高都可以有效提高系统制冷量与COP,空气的温湿度升高会提升系统性能,空气流速变慢对系统平均除湿量与有效除湿时间有明显的提升。     

低位热驱动的工业建筑除湿降温空调系统应用研究

工业建筑低品位余热资源丰富,但较难利用,尤其是80 ℃以下的余热,高效回收利用该温度以下的余热,对于节能环保意义重大。本文提出一种低位热驱动的工业建筑除湿降温空调系统,采用串联方式使热水先后驱动冷水机组和溶液除湿新风机组,从而实现低品位热的梯级深度利用。系统应用热湿解耦处理技术,使溶液除湿新风机组处理空气潜热负荷,冷水机组处理空气显热负荷。工程应用结果表明：在热源温度呈周期波动且均值为77.2 ℃的条件下,冷水机组的平均COP为0.69,冷水机组可提供15.1~16.3 ℃的高温冷冻水,实现对工业建筑热环境的有效调控。溶液除湿新风机组可将新风含湿量从19.4 g/(kg干空气)处理至11.9 g/(kg干空气),机组的平均除湿效率为61.2%。     

办公楼变静压控制VAV空调系统实测分析

变风量系统(VAV)风机能耗可随负荷的变化而变化，较常规定风量系统(CAV)明显节约能耗，因此近几年来变风量空调系统在香港得到了广泛的应用。对香港地区某办公大楼变风量系统，就采用定静压控制和变静压控制分别进行了实验测试，针对运行中出现的问题进行了探讨，比较了变静压控制节能效果。为保证变静压控制VAV系统运行良好，要求风机容量与负荷恰当匹配，同时要求风管的布置和形式设计合理。     

双蒸发温度的温湿分控空调机组实验研究

针对传统热湿联合处理中存在的能源浪费、热湿平衡不匹配等问题,本文利用EnergyPlus软件对上海市某住宅建筑进行全年逐时负荷模拟。根据模拟结果将温湿度独立控制技术与双蒸发温度压缩机结合在一起,搭建了基于双蒸发温度的温湿分控空调机组实验台。在进行相关理论计算的基础上对其在全年工况下运行特性进行实验研究。结果表明:将具有双蒸发温度压 缩机的空调机组用于温湿分控空调系统是可行的,机组运行可靠且满足设计要求。夏季设计工况下该机组压缩机能效比为3.5,比同冷量常规空调变频压缩机的能效比3.04提高了14.8％。同时,冬季设计工况下该机组压缩机能效比为4.3,相对于同冷量常规空调变频压缩机而言,双蒸发温度的温湿分控空调机组节能性显著。     

新型除湿模式在国防工程中的应用

针对常规热湿联合处理技术应用于国防工程时出现的室内温湿度波动大、机组运行能效低等问题,提出利用温湿度独立控制理念构建国防工程新型除湿模式。该除湿模式由新风处理系统(全工况除湿机)和空气循环处理系统(一体化分流节能型除湿机)构成。计算分析表明与应用于常规热湿联合处理系统相比,同型号一体化分流节能型调温除湿机应用于温湿度独立控制系统(新型除湿模式构建的国防工程)时,其制冷量可增加约21.3%。     

辐射空调用节能新风控温除湿机除湿性能实验研究

针对我国长江流域的气候特点以及辐射空调存在的弊端,研发了一种新风控温除湿机组,该机组主要承担室内新风负荷和潜热负荷,与辐射空调系统结合实现温湿度独立控制,从而实现室内舒适度并降低能耗。为满足不同季节新风温湿度变化时的控温除湿需求,提出了三种运行控制模式。在焓差实验室对该机组在夏季与过渡季节的运行性能与控温除湿性能进行了实验,测试了压缩机吸排气压力与温度、室内侧出风干湿球温度与含湿量及机组除湿量随室外环境干球温度的变化。实验结果表明,新风控温除湿机组夏季除湿量为1.34~2.23 kg/h,过渡季节A除湿量为2.19~10.2 kg/h,过渡季节B除湿量为0.37~0.9kg/h,满足一般居住建筑辐射空调房间全年除湿要求。     

方家山模拟机房温湿度控制异常处理方案分析及应用

方家山模拟机房为某核电站的精密试验室机房,要求室内温度为22℃±1℃,相对湿度为55%±5%。机房空调主机采用分体单元式恒温恒湿机组,但该机组在运行过程中出现夏季及过渡季节压缩机启停频繁现象,导致机房温湿度波动大及机组运行不节能等问题。通过优化机组控制程序,增大机组能量调节范围,使机组冷量输出与实际负荷更好匹配,满足温湿度控制精度要求,并达到节能运行的目的。     

对温湿度独立控制空调系统的探析

为解决室内空气处理过程中显热和潜热与室内热湿负荷相匹配的问题,本文对温湿度独立控制空调系统中温度控制系统和湿度控制系统进行分析和梳理,展示了多种温湿度独立控制空调系统组合方式。通过分析研究发现,溶液除湿与毛细管辐射供冷相结合的温湿度独立控制空调系统,在节约能源和提高空气品质方面具有较高的应用价值,对降低建筑能耗具有很好的实际意义。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．