多级矩阵结构冷却除湿器的除湿性能研究

为了降低空分系统压缩机功耗,提高压缩机运行可靠性,本文提出一种用于压缩机进气除湿的多级矩阵结构的冷却除湿器,并搭建了多级冷却除湿实验台,测试了除湿器的除湿性能。实验结果表明,在进口空气含湿量和温度固定为11.7g/(kg干空气)和24.4℃时,当空气质量流量由0.48 kg/s增至0.78 kg/s,空气出口含湿量由7.1 g/(kg干空气)增至7.7g/(kg干空气);在进口空气质量流量和温度固定为0.53 kg/s和25.2℃时,当冷却水温度由6.9℃升至11.9℃,空气出口含湿量由7.1 g/(kg干空气)增至9.4 g/(kg干空气)。本研究针对除湿器内部传热传质过程建立了稳态数值模型,将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,结果表明:该模型对于除湿器出口空气含湿量和温度的平均误差分别为8.6%和2.1%,显示出较好的可靠性;并进一步模拟研究了多级矩阵结构与单级叉流结构冷却除湿器的除湿性能,发现采用多级结构可以有效提高除湿效率,在进口空气质量流量和冷却水质量流量分别为0.53 kg/s和0.3 kg/s时,多级结构的除湿量可以提高4.3%,除湿效率可以提高2.5%;通过增加填料模块的长度...     

热泵气扫式膜蒸馏装置再生除湿溶液性能研究

除湿溶液对水蒸气有强烈吸收性,在空调、干燥等领域都有广泛应用,除湿溶液吸收一定量水蒸气后浓度下降,吸湿能力减弱,需要进行再生;针对沸腾蒸发再生方法需要配备真空设备、表面蒸发再生方法存在溶质损耗、电渗析法再生能耗较高等问题,设计了热泵结合气扫式膜蒸馏的除湿溶液再生装置,具有再生过程常压运行、除湿溶液无损耗、再生能耗低等特点;介绍了装置的流程和工作循环,给出了装置的特性方程,计算分析了装置关键影响因素如膜孔直径、除湿溶液浓度、除湿溶液温度、吹扫气流速对装置性能指标(单位膜面积再生速率、再生能耗比)的影响规律;建立热泵气扫式膜蒸馏实验装置对质量分数40%的溴化锂溶液在34.2℃进行了再生实验测试,表明单位膜面积再生速率可达0.55kg/(m²·h),再生能耗比可达3.61kg/kWh,具有较好的应用优势。     

逆流填料式溶液除湿器性能的数值模拟

对溶液除湿器中传热传质过程进行热力学分析,根据除湿塔的结构及溶液与空气的流动方式,建立除湿器的热质交换物理和数学模型,模拟计算除湿器人口空气和溶液参数对除湿器出口空气参数的影响,得到各入口参数对出口空气温度和含湿量的影响曲线。结果表明：空气出口参数与空气人口含湿量、温度和流量、溶液人口温度和浓度几乎呈线性变化;当溶液入口流量达到2．5kg／s后,空气出口参数的变化趋于平缓。     

液体除湿空调除湿器性能研究

在液体除湿空调中,除湿器是系统的核心部件。本文搭建可用于实验研究的液体除湿空调系统中除湿器的实验台,对塔径300 mm、填料高度800 mm,以Li Cl溶液为除湿剂的除湿器布置测点进行实测。基于Mercel理论,根据热质平衡并结合D.I.Stevens的有效模型,建立适用于该液体除湿空调系统中的除湿器传热传质模型。从实验和理论模型两个方面分析除湿器进口各项参数对除湿量的影响,结果表明:理论值和实验值有很好的一致性,且数据差异较小,说明计算模型适应性良好,能准确的用于该除湿器的性能模拟测试,将实验与理论计算结果进行对比可知:在一定的工况范围内,除湿器的除湿量受进口溶液温度、浓度、质流密度等参数影响较大,其中溶液进口温度越低,除湿效果越显著,溶液进口浓度越低,除湿效果越好;溶液进口质流密度需控制在一定范围进行调节,才能显著提高除湿器性能;空气入口风速、干球温度以及含湿量对除湿出口的空气状态参数影响较弱。     

溶液除湿系统真空式再生器性能试验研究

再生器是溶液除湿系统的重要传热传质部件。为改善除湿溶液的再生性能,将真空技术和热管传热技术应用于除湿溶液再生过程,搭建了新型的除湿溶液再生实验台。从初始溶液浓度、热源温度和冷却水温度等不同方面对溶液再生性能的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明:热源温度和冷却水温度对水分蒸发量的影响较为显著,热源温度越高,冷却水温度越低,溶液闪蒸速度越快,且再生效率也越高;初始溶液浓度对溶液再生性能的影响也不可忽略,溶液浓度较低,会导致溶液的再生强度升高。     

除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的优化设计

设计一种可利用低品位热能的溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统。对此空调系统进行理论分析,得出如下结论：在溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的多种实现形式中,新风经除湿后与回风混合比新回风混合后再除湿节能;将室内排风返回溶液再生器,进行热湿交换,既可加疆对处理空气的预冷,回收排风冷量,又可提高再生器的效率,降低系统能耗;把回热器吸收除湿浓溶液中的部分热量用于溶液再生器的稀溶液预热,可以提高溶液的再生性能。为除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的优化设计提供理论依据。     

复合除湿系统的可行性分析

为了提高空气的除湿效果,同时结合高温水表冷器及雾化溶液除湿的特点,提出了高温水表冷器与雾化溶液除湿结合的复合除湿系统,对比分析了复合除湿系统与不同除湿方式的性能,从不同角度分析其可行性。结果表明,随空气的温湿度变化,复合除湿系统的性能始终优于单一的高温水表冷器除湿和雾化溶液除湿系统。由于表冷器预处理后的空气的温度接近,空气在雾化除湿器中的除湿量差距也较小,复合除湿系统的除湿量变化幅度较小。复合除湿系统初投资较小,运行费用较低,能充分利用可再生资源,净现值为较大正值,该系统具有较好的可行性。     

热泵型溶液除湿新风系统性能分析与优化

本文建立了热泵型溶液除湿(HPLD)新风系统数学模型,研究了新风温度、湿度对系统运行性能的影响。结果表明:新风温度升高1℃,系统COP平均下降率为0. 9%;新风含湿量增加1 g/(kg干空气),系统COP平均下降率为3. 6%,新风湿度增加导致HPLD系统COP大幅下降,系统新风湿度变化的适应性差。为扩大HPLD系统适应范围,提出了冷却除湿与HPLD组合式除湿系统,以组合式除湿系统COP为评价指标,得到组合系统级间新风参数最优状态:温度为21℃,含湿量为14. 1 g/(kg干空气)。夏季典型工况下,组合式除湿系统COP为5. 40,比单一HPLD系统COP提高87. 5%。最后,根据HPLD系统设计参数制作了实验样机,并对模拟结果进行了验证。     

无霜空气源热泵系统除湿与再生工况?分析

为解决传统空气源热泵系统冬季的结霜问题,同时提升夏季机组的性能,本文提出一种"一塔三用"的无霜空气源热泵系统。通过搭建实验台研究了在除湿工况下的空气温度、含湿量、质量流量及溶液温度、质量流量、质量浓度,在再生工况下的溶液质量浓度、温度对溶液塔进出口空气?、除湿?(再生?)、系统输入输出?及?效的影响。结果表明:除湿工况下,除湿?随空气温度、空气质量流量、溶液质量流量的增加以及空气含湿量、溶液温度、溶液质量浓度的减少而增加;系统的?效随空气温度、含湿量、质量流量及溶液质量流量、质量浓度的增加以及溶液温度的减少而增加,其中空气含湿量、溶液质量浓度对?效影响较小,此模式?效最高可达0. 201。再生工况下,再生?随溶液质量浓度、温度的增加而增加;系统?效随溶液质量浓度的增加、溶液温度的减少而增加,其中溶液温度对?效影响较小,此模式?效最高可达0. 108 8。该系统?效率在实验工况下高于常规空气源热泵系统。     

新型高效除湿技术研究进展

空气湿度是文物保存、电子产品运行环境控制的重要对象之一,本文针对现有冷冻除湿、固体除湿和液体除湿等技术中所存在的能耗高、可靠性差等问题,介绍冷凝热回收型冷冻调温除湿技术、电渗再生固体除湿技术和离子液体除湿技术。冷凝热回收型冷冻调温除湿技术通过双冷凝器可0~100%调节冷凝热回收比例,在满足送风湿度的同时可以连续调节热湿比和送风温度,节省再热能耗;电渗再生固体除湿技术基于电渗原理实现固体除湿剂的再生,系统结构简单、可实现常温再生、能效比高;离子液体除湿技术遴选无腐蚀性的离子液体作为除湿溶液,可以达到与传统盐溶液相同的除湿效果。上述3种除湿方式为文物保存、电子产品运行等工艺环境湿度控制提供高效除湿技术方案。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.