甘油与甲基纤维素对高直链玉米淀粉- 壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响

以高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)和壳聚糖(CS)为基本材料,甘油为增塑剂,甲基纤维素(MC)为增强剂制备可食性复合膜,研究高直链玉米淀粉与壳聚糖的质量比,甘油的添加量以及甲基纤维素的添加量对复合膜物理性能的影响,包括抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(E)、水蒸气透过系数(WVP)和色度。结果表明,壳聚糖添加量的增大与甘油添加量的增加都使高直链玉米淀粉- 壳聚糖复合膜的抗拉强度降低,断裂伸长率和WVP 显著增大,膜颜色变黄;甲基纤维素的添加改善了复合膜的机械性能和WVP,随着甲基纤维素添加量的增加,复合膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率都随之增大,WVP 逐渐降低,且对膜的颜色没有显著影响。     

膜醭毕赤酵母菌外泌蛋白抑菌复合膜的制备及性能研究

该文以玉米淀粉为主要成膜基质,通过添加卡拉胶与玉米淀粉共混,以甘油为单一增塑剂,制备基础复合膜。以此基础复合膜为载体,添加膜醭毕赤酵菌外泌蛋白提取物制备生物蛋白抑菌复合膜。研究发现蛋白提取物的加入对复合膜厚度和水蒸气透过系数(water vapor permeability, WVP)的影响不显著(P>0.05),对透明度和力学性能的影响显著(P<0.05)。随着蛋白浓度增加,复合膜的透明度逐渐下降。蛋白最终添加量为0.1 mg/mL时,复合膜拉伸强度(tensile strength, TS)下降51%,断裂伸长率(elongation at break, EAB)增长43%。对峙法与含药平板抑菌法实验均表明,蛋白复合膜对采后主要病原菌交链孢霉的生长有明显抑制作用,上述结果可为果蔬采后防腐保鲜提供新思路。     

中心组合试验优化葛根淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜性能

利用玻璃板延流法制取葛根淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜,运用流变仪、质构仪等仪器测定葛根淀粉、壳聚糖、甘 油不同配比下复合膜的成膜特性,并通过响应面法分析和优化3种物料的配比。结果表明,以抗拉强度、延伸率、 水蒸气透过率和透明度为评价指标,通过Design-Expert软件分析得到在葛根淀粉质量分数1.5%,壳聚糖质量分数 1.29%,甘油质量分数24.27%时,葛根淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜的性能最好。     

KGM/纳米ZnO复合膜透湿性工艺优化

以魔芋葡甘露聚糖(KGM)为基料,利用纳米ZnO对其进行共混改性,制备KGM/纳米ZnO复合膜,在单因素试验基础上,以纳米ZnO浓度、甘油浓度、反应时间为主要影响因素,以水蒸气透过系数(WVP)为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对KGM/纳米ZnO复合膜的制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,纳米ZnO浓度对复合膜WVP的影响不显著,甘油浓度和反应时间对复合膜WVP的影响显著, KGM/纳米ZnO复合膜的最佳工艺条件为:纳米ZnO浓度0.60%、甘油浓度0.68%、反应时间61 min。在此条件下制得的复合膜的水蒸气透过系数为0.082 2 g·mm/(m~2·h·k Pa)。     

响应面试验优化玉米淀粉-壳聚糖可食膜的制备工艺

通过响应面法优化玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和甘油的质量分数来制备可食膜,以机械性能（伸长率、抗拉强度）和透湿性（water vapor permeability,WVP）为评价指标,得出二次响应预测模型。结果表明：玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和甘油的质量分数分别为3.71%、0.95%和0.64%时,抗拉强度最大;3 种物料质量分数分别为3.82%、0.50%和1.00%时,伸长率最大;3 种物料质量分数分别为3.52%、0.52%和0.50%时,WVP最小。综合考虑,玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和甘油质量分数分别为3.50%、0.50%和0.67%时,可食膜的性能最优。     

麦麸纤维/小麦麸质蛋白复合膜碱性乙醇成膜体系影响因素研究

将小麦麸质蛋白(wheat gluten,WG)和麦麸纤维(wheat-bran cellulose,WC)通过溶液共混于碱性乙醇系统,采用流延成膜法制备复合膜。探讨成膜体系中料液比、麦麸纤维含量、甘油添加量、乙醇浓度、体系pH值及黄原胶添加量对复合膜物理性能抗拉强度(tensile strength,TS)、断裂伸长率(elongation at break,EAB)、水蒸气透过系数(water vapor permeability,WVP)、水溶性和透光性等的影响。结果表明:添加麦麸纤维能明显增强小麦麸质蛋白膜的抗拉强度,降低其水蒸气透过系数和水溶性,抗拉强度最高为20.44 MPa,比纯小麦麸质蛋白膜(TS=8.65 MPa)提高了140%;成膜体系各因素对复合膜各物理性能都存在不同程度的影响,其中甘油添加量影响最大,其次为麦麸纤维含量,黄原胶添加量影响最小。该研究可为进一步制备性能优异的小麦麸质蛋白复合膜提供技术参考。     

玉米纳米淀粉/纤维素纳米晶复合膜制备工艺优化

以玉米纳米淀粉为基质,甘油为增塑剂、纤维素纳米晶(CNC)为增强剂采用流延成膜法制备玉米纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜,成膜基质和干燥温度对纳米淀粉成膜影响较大,聚氯乙烯基质板对纳米淀粉成膜较好,干燥温度25℃,成膜平整光滑;单因素探讨了玉米纳米淀粉、甘油和CNC含量对纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜强度性能的影响,在该基础上进行三因素三水平正交试验,正交优化研究表明,对玉米纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜的抗张强度影响为:CNC甘油玉米纳米淀粉,正交试验优化结果为CNC 2%,甘油8%,玉米纳米淀粉10%,制备的玉米纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜抗张强度达20.18 MPa;FTIR分析表明玉米纳米淀粉、甘油、CNC混合均匀,形成了均一稳定的纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜。该玉米纳米淀粉/CNC复合膜在食品药品可食性包装领域具有较好的应用前景。     

液体石蜡对麦麸纤维/小麦麸质蛋白复合膜性能的影响

运用数学模型对复合膜的等温吸湿曲线进行拟合,研究液体石蜡对麦麸纤维/小麦麸质蛋白复合膜吸湿性能、透水性能的影响,并测定其机械性能和光学性能变化。结果表明,复合膜的等温吸湿动力学过程符合Peleg模型(R~20.97,E5%),GAB模型能精确模拟复合膜的吸附等温线(R~20.99,E5%)。添加5%～20%的液体石蜡可降低复合膜平衡吸湿率和水蒸气透过系数(water vapor permeability,WVP),提高复合膜的水接触角,其中添加15%的液体石蜡所制备的复合膜WVP降低了约47.8%,水接触角从54.2°提高至88.9°。添加液体石蜡同时降低了复合膜的抗拉强度(tensile strength,TS)、断裂延伸率(elongation at break,EAB)和透明度,加深了复合膜的色泽。添加15%液体石蜡的复合膜TS、EAB和透明度与对照相比分别降低了约49.1%、33.5%和71.6%。综合添加液体石蜡对复合膜的各项性能影响,推荐15%左右液体石蜡为适宜添加量。本研究结果可为液体石蜡/麦麸纤维/小麦麸质蛋白复合膜制备工艺参数的进一步优化提供参考。     

模糊综合评判用于大豆分离蛋白膜制备工艺的优化

为分析大豆分离蛋白(SPI)膜机械性能的影响因素及最优参数的选择,以SPI溶液质量分数、甘油添加量(占SPI质量)、成膜温度和膜液pH为实验因素,进行了单因素实验和正交实验。采用方差分析和直观分析初步确定了影响膜机械性能的主要因素及工艺参数;采用模糊综合评判方法对抗拉强度(TS)和断裂伸长率(EAB)进行综合评判,进而优化各影响因素。结果表明:甘油添加量对膜的机械性能影响最大;在TS和EAB这两个评判指标的权重向量为0.5∶0.5时,最优工艺参数为SPI溶液质量分数4%、甘油添加量20%、成膜温度65℃、膜液pH 10,此时大豆分离蛋白膜的TS和EAB可达5.41 MPa和186.36%。模糊综合评判在优化大豆分离蛋白膜制备工艺方面能起到一定的指导作用。     

绿豆改性淀粉复合膜阻水性的研究

研究了绿豆改性淀粉复合膜的阻水性;采用绿豆改性淀粉、壳聚糖为主要材料制备复合膜,选择了改性淀粉用量、壳聚糖与改性绿豆淀粉的比例、甘油用量、淀粉糊化温度、干燥温度、干燥时间等6个因素进行单因素试验,确定甘油用量为2.5%,糊化温度为70℃,对其中4个主要因素进行正交试验;得出:以共混液质量为100%计,改性淀粉用量2%,壳聚糖与改性淀粉为6∶4,干燥温度80℃,干燥时间4h,此条件下,淀粉复合膜阻水性最强,膜的透湿系数达到5.03×10~(-11)g/(m·s·Pa)。     

肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基抗菌膜的制备及其性能

为研究新型抗菌降解包装材料,筛选肉桂精油等4?种植物精油,以玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和魔芋葡甘露聚糖为成膜基质,甘油为增塑剂,吐温-80为表面活性剂,研究肉桂精油添加对复合膜机械性能、光学性能、阻水性能和抑菌性能的影响。结果表明：4?种精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌的抗菌活性依次为肉桂精油＞牛至精油＞百里香精油＞迷迭香精油。随着肉桂精油质量浓度增加,复合膜的抗拉强度和水蒸气透过系数降低,断裂伸长率和不透明度升高。当肉桂精油质量浓度在15.0～20.0?g/L时,复合膜色泽指数a*值无明显差异（P＞0.05）,L*值显著降低,b*值和ΔE值显著增加（P＜0.05）。添加肉桂精油显著提高了玉米淀粉基膜的抗菌能力（P＜0.05）,精油与吐温-80相互作用对革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌具有协同作用,而对革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌具有拮抗作用。当肉桂精油质量浓度为20.0?g/L时,膜具有较好的物理性能和抗菌效果。本研究可为肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基可降解抗菌膜生产工艺参数的进一步优化提供参考。     

高直链玉米淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜透气透水性能研究

本文以高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)和壳聚糖(CS)为基本材料,甘油为增塑剂,甲基纤维素(MC)为增强剂制备可食性复合膜,研究了高直链玉米淀粉与壳聚糖的配比、甘油的添加量以及甲基纤维素的添加量对复合膜的透气透水性能的影响.结果表明,HACS:CS为2:1时,膜的CO2透过量和O2透过量最低,水蒸气透过量(WVT)也处于较低...     

Rheological,mechanical and moisture sorption characteristics of cassava starch‐konjac glucomannan blend films

Cassava starch (ST)‐konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend films were prepared and their thermal, rheological, mechanical, moisture sorption properties and water vapour transmission rate were determined. Response surface methodology was employed for the preparation of films using different levels of ST, KGM and glycerol. All the filmogenic solutions exhibited shear thinning behaviour. Apparent viscosity and the dynamic rheological properties of filmogenic solutions varied considerably with KGM content. Rheological analysis revealed that the blend films are more appropriate than neat ST film for controlled drug release studies and for food coating. The melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion of the blend films were lower than that of neat ST film. When compared to neat starch film, the blend films showed broader peaks in DSC patterns, which suggests that incorporation of KGM decreased the crystallinity of ST. Mechanical properties, elongation at break and tensile strength of blend films were significantly higher (112.8% and 22.5 MPa, respectively) than those of neat ST film. Due to the more hydrophilic nature of KGM when compared to ST, the WVTR and moisture absorption of blend films were greater than that of neat ST film. Though KGM is more hydrophillic in nature, blend films with higher amount of KGM (0.643g) showed comparably lower values for both WVTR and moisture absorption than other blends. The solubility of the blend films was lower than that of neat starch film which also confirmed the strong intramolecular attraction between ST and KGM.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖/壳聚糖复合抗菌食品包装膜的制备及其特性

本实验以富里酸作为交联剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备魔芋葡甘聚糖/壳聚糖（konjac glucomannan/chitosan,KGM/CS）抗菌膜,研究该抗菌膜的物理、力学、结构和抗菌等性能。流变学、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等分析和观察结果表明,富里酸的引入促进了KGM、CS和富里酸之间氢键的形成和静电相互作用,提高了抗菌膜的热稳定性能和光学性能。同时,添加富里酸的KGM/CS抗菌膜机械性能相较于KGM/CS抗菌膜提高了16.85 mPa;而KGM/CS抗菌膜的水蒸气渗透率为8.65 g/（Pa·s·m）,添加富里酸的KGM/CS抗菌膜可将水蒸气渗透率降低至5.25 g/（Pa·s·m）;并且添加富里酸的KGM/CS抗菌膜表现出良好的抗菌性能。因此,KGM/CS-富里酸抗菌膜是一种能够保持食品品质的活性食品包装材料。     

可溶性膳食纤维对玉米淀粉体外消化的抑制作用

本文通过模拟人体胃肠道消化过程,研究四种可溶性膳食纤维(青稞β-葡聚糖(barley β-glucan,BBG)、黄原胶(xanthan gum,XG)、魔芋胶(konjac glucomannan,KGM)和罗望子胶(tamarind seed polysaccharide,TSP))对玉米淀粉消化的影响,并建立膳食纤维在胃肠道模拟体系下的表观黏度(60 s^-1)与预测血糖指数(predicted glycemic index,pGI)之间的关系,探究可溶性膳食纤维降低餐后血糖响应的机理。结果表明,添加0.1%的BBG、XG、KGM和TSP对淀粉水解的抑制率分别达到11.59%、35.90%、30.54%和19.62%,并能将淀粉的pGI值分别降低12.05、45.54、38.90和15.00。并且,随着可溶性膳食纤维在胃肠道体系下的表观黏度的增大,pGI值呈下降趋势,并且当XG、KGM和TSP的表观黏度超过4 mPa·s后,pGI值的下降趋势愈加平缓。因此,可溶性膳食纤维能够抑制玉米淀粉的消化,并且其黏度是降低餐后血糖响应的重要因素。此研究将为可溶性膳食纤维在降血糖功能方面的应用奠定理论基础。     

Thermo-compression of biodegradable thermoplastic corn starch films containing chitin and chitosan

Films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and chitosan/chitin were obtained by melt-mixing and thermo-compression. Chitosan and chitin incorporation to TPS matrix induced some structural modifications due mainly to the interactions between starch hydroxyl and chitosan/chitin amino groups. Crystallinity degree of TPS films was increased with biopolymers incorporation. Enthalpy melting values for TPS–chitosan/chitin films resulted lower than those corresponding to TPS control ones. Films had homogeneous and smooth surfaces, without pores and cracks and no glycerol migration was evidenced by Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Films fracture surfaces were uniform without the presence of unmelting starch granules neither chitosan/chitin agglomerates. Films with chitosan/chitin presented higher color, UV absorption capacity and opacity than TPS films. Addition of 10 g chitosan or chitin/100 g starch decreased 35 and 56% water vapor permeability, respectively. Biopolymers addition to TPS increased tensile strength and elastic modulus, and decreased elongation at break. Starch and glycerol-rich domains where evidenced in TPS matrixes by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. Finally, TPS–chitosan films reduced Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth in the contact zone.     

玉米磷酸酯淀粉秸秆纤维素可食膜的制备及物理性能

以玉米磷酸酯淀粉（corn distarch phosphate,CDP）和玉米秸秆纤维素（corn straw cellulose,CSC）为主要基材制备可食膜。研究CDP与CSC质量比、羧甲基纤维素（carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC）质量浓度、丙三醇（glycerol,Gly）质量浓度对可食膜物理性能抗拉强度（tensile strength,TS）、断裂伸长率（elongation at break,EAB）、水蒸气透过系数（water vapour permeability,WVP）和透光率的影响。在此基础上以可食膜的物理性能综合分为响应值,采用响应面法优化制备工艺参数。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为CDP-CSC质量比8.5∶1.5、CMC质量浓度0.8 g/100 mL、Gly质量浓度1.0 g/100 mL,此条件下可食膜物理性能综合分最高为0.683,对应可食膜的TS为19.75 MPa、EAB为46.89%、WVP为1.167×10－12 g/（cm•s•Pa）、透光率为41.86%,比未添加CSC的CDP膜物理性能综合分提高27.14%。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对可食膜进行结构观察和表征,表明CDP/CSC可食膜表面较平整,结构致密,各基质相容性好。     

Preparation and properties of rice starch–chitosan blend biodegradable film

Biodegradable blend films from rice starch–chitosan were developed by casting film-solution on leveled trays. The influence of the ratio of starch and chitosan (2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1) on the mechanical properties, water barrier properties, and miscibility of biodegradable blend films was investigated. The biodegradable blend film from rice starch–chitosan showed an increase in tensile strength (TS), water vapor permeability (WVP), lighter color and yellowness and a decreasing elongation at the break (E), and film solubility (FS) after incorporation of chitosan. The introduction of chitosan increased the crystalline peak structure of starch film; however, too high chitosan concentration yielded phase separation between starch and chitosan. The amino group band of the chitosan molecule in the FTIR spectrum shifted from 1541.15 cm⁻¹ in the chitosan film to 1621.96 cm⁻¹ in the biodegradable blend films. These results pointed out that there was a molecular miscibility between these two components. The properties of rice starch–chitosan biodegradable blend film and selected biopolymer and synthetic polymer films were compared; the results demonstrated that rice starch–chitosan biodegradable blend film had mechanical properties similar to the other chitosan films. However, the water vapor permeability of rice starch–chitosan biodegradable blend film was characterized by relatively lower water vapor permeability than chitosan films but higher than polyolefin.