湿H2S环境下的分水器选材

详细阐述了湿H2S环境下的钢材应力腐蚀机理与腐蚀类型,并结合工程应用对湿H2S环境下分水器的选材和结构设计进行了讨论.     

湿H2S环境中容器壳体开裂问题的探讨

探讨性地论述了炼油化工厂容器壳体在湿H2S环境中的开裂及其控制问题,并简单地提出了湿H2S环境下设备材料选择的原则.     

16MnR钢硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂的现场检验分析

基于16MnR钢制设备因湿H2S腐蚀导致部分板材焊缝失效的案例,通过对16MnR钢在湿H2S环境下的腐蚀特性的讨论,结合对检测现场情况的分析,提出了在对承装含硫化氢物料设备进行检验时,需要重点检查的部位及针对性措施。     

炼油装置湿H2S环境分类和设计要点

在概述湿H2S环境中碳钢的主要腐蚀开裂类型的基础上,分析了API 581和NACE 8X194对湿H2S环境的苛刻度分类方法的异同点,认为NACE 8X194的方法更适用于炼油装置;重点讨论了设计过程中如何对环境中水的露点温度、pH值和H2S浓度等主要影响因素进行评估,并给出了必要的数据表格、计算公式和图表;最后,为了降低碳钢在湿H2S环境中的各种开裂风险,对碳钢的材料选用和焊接提出了具体的技术要求或建议。     

高温下H2S气体腐蚀水泥石机理研究

海相天然气气藏中多含有浓度较高的硫化氢气体,普光气田天然气中H2S含量达到15%,在湿环境下,H2S对水泥环的腐蚀性强。通过实验分析了H2S分压14 MPa,95、130和150℃湿环境下,H2S对水泥石的腐蚀规律;对比了腐蚀前后水泥试块的抗压强度、渗透率、矿物组成和微观结构。研究认为:在中低温区H2S腐蚀水泥石的主要产物是CaSO4.2H2O和AFt(钙矾石);在高温区H2S腐蚀水泥石的主要产物是CaSO4、莫莱石和不定形SiO2;腐蚀后的水泥试块强度降低,渗透率升高;在中低温区水泥石试块膨胀开裂严重,在高温区开裂程度较低;H2S的腐蚀程度随分压的增大而增加;添加胶乳可有效降低水泥石的开裂。     

液化石油气装置中湿H_2S环境的腐蚀机理及选材

介绍了湿H2S环境的概念和碳钢与合金钢在湿H2S环境中的腐蚀破坏类型、腐蚀机理及其影响因素,提出了硫化物应力开裂和氢致开裂两种腐蚀机理的相互关系,并结合在实际工作中的工程经验,讨论了液化石油气生产装置中醇胺类-H2O-CO2-H2S体系中抗湿H2S腐蚀材料的选择和控制。     

浅谈湿H_2S腐蚀环境下静设备选材要求

本文依据腐蚀机理,阐述了在湿H2S腐蚀环境下静设备选材的相关要求。     

湿H2S环境中金属材料腐蚀的研究

介绍了在湿H2S环境中金属材料的腐蚀试验标准、方法和手段并重点强调了在H2S试验过程中常遇到的一些问题的处理方法.最后,指出了应加强H2S腐蚀的基础性和系统性研究的研究方向.     

湿H2S环境中金属材料腐蚀的研究

介绍了在湿H2S环境中金属材料的腐蚀试验标准、方法和手段并重点强调了在H2S试验过程中常遇到的一些问题的处理方法。最后，指出了应加强H2S腐蚀的基础性和系统性研究的研究方向。     

加氢裂化装置管道腐蚀类型及材料的选用

介绍了加氢裂化装置中的主要腐蚀类型：高温氢损伤、高温H2＋H2S、高温硫腐蚀、湿H2S腐蚀、环烷酸腐蚀、NH4Cl及NH2HS腐蚀、连多硫酸腐蚀、胺应力腐蚀开裂以及装置中主要发生腐蚀的部位;分析了各种腐蚀发生的机理,提出了各腐蚀环境下管道材料的选用原则。     

Geochemical Studies and Elemental Contaminants in the Bay of the City of Asuncion

Minor and trace elements composition of bottom sediments from the bay of Asunci6n on the Paraguay River have been investigated by XRF （X-ray fluorescence） techniques to determine their correlation as well as provenance. The analysis of complex spectra was performed by the AXIL software and the quantitative analysis by the QAES （quantitative analysis of environmental samples ） software. Analyzed trace elements were the refractory elements Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Zr, Th and others with high field stabilization energy as Cr, Ni, Cu, together with Zn, As, Cd, Pb. Minor elements were Ti, Mn, Fe which are often to the above refractories related. According to their normalized spidergrams, two sets of sediments can be differentiated. Those that show LREE （light rare earth elements） enrichment, negative Nb and Ti anomalies and no spike at Zr and those that have spidergrams very alike, with strong negative anomalies at Nb, Nd and Ti whereas a of Fe versus the refractory elements except Fe-Zr in which correlation seem to be low. positive spike at Zr. In both set, there are strong correlations is negative. Potential hazards of toxic elements in sediments     

Flocculation of the Moroccan phosphates slimes

In Morocco, the phosphate industry generates by washing during the ore beneficiation in humid way, big quantities of sludge loaded in fine mineral particles （or slimes） with contents of water in the order of 90-95%. The specific consumption in water for the beneficiation of one tone of dry ore is approximately 0.6 m3. The management of this sludge and the recycling of process water are played to a schema of solid-liquid separation by flocculation, settling then stocking in basins of several dozens hectares. Recovered clear waters are recycled into the circuit of washing. The principal motivation of this work which is a part of EL MAA project is dedicated to the study of the impact of the speed of agitation on the flocculation behavior in terms of dewatering of the phosphate slimes and recycling of the process water. Study was driven on sample of slimes taken in entrance of the thickeners of a Moroccan washing plants, before flocculation. The raw slimes have a concentration in solid of 75.5 g·L^-1, a P205 grade of 17.3% and a free settling velocity 9 cm·h^-1. Fine fraction -2 μm, responsible for the poor settling of slimes is composed in practice of nearly 96% of smectite. It represents 9% of the dry solid content in the slimes. Measurements reveal important variations of the granulometric and textural properties of large floes in response to flocculation, opening ways of optimization for the velocity gradient.     

The Nuclear Chemistry Odd-Even Periodic Table of the Elements

Odd-Even Periodic Table of Chemical Elements designed by the authors settles the position of Hydrogen and Helium, Additionally, it yields no exceptional arrangements for neither the Lanthanides, Actinide and Super Actinides nor the six empty spots and the controversy on the positions of hydrogen and helium has been settled. It plays an important role in comparing the stability of nucleons and predicting the ordinal of the terminal element.     

FDS analysis of smoke spreading in the tunnel with flue under fire

Based on a new type of tunnel configuration model with flue in the top of it, the paper simulated the smoke pervasion when fire happens in this type of tunnel by FDS. The results show that the setting up of the flue outlet reduces the backing up distance of combustion smoke, and the distance of people fleeing is also shortened. But under this condition the smoke density inside and outside of the two flue outlet increases evidently. However, when the exhausted fans are designed at smoking outlet, the smoke movement is accelerated and almost moved into the upper space. This configuration makes the fire smoke density outside of the flue outlet reduced greatly. When the exhausted velocity increased up to a certain critical level, the smoke concentration outside of the flue outlet will reduce at the value which is no harmonious to people＇s life. This situation will offer a relatively safe space for people fleeing, and fire rescuing can also be carried out from two directions. Therefore, this tunnel configuration mentioned in this article give a new reference mode for personnel flee, fire rescuing and tunnel maintenance.     

Preparation of the complex metallic oxides additive for naphtha sulfur reduction in FCC

The M/USY/Al2O3/kaolinite sulfur reduction additive systems containing vanadium were prepared by different methods. The influence of the preparation methods, the active constituent forerunners, the vanadium content and the type of molecular sieves on sulfur reduction of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied by a small fixed bed. The results showed that when FCC catalyst was blended with the sulfur reduction additives prepared by the special method at the ratio of 95：5, the relative sulfur reduction rate reached 35% and there was little influence on distribution of the products and quality of the gasoline. The XRD analysis indicated that the Y molecular sieve crystal structure in the additives prepared by the specific method retained integrity.     

Research progress on cyclodextrins and their derivatives in the synthesis of conducting polymers

Cyclodextrins have gained wide attentions for their unique physicochemicai properties. In recent years, conducting polymers with special micro-structure and properties are synthesized in the presence of cyclodextrins. In this article, the application of cyclodextrins in the synthesis process of conducting polymer metarials is discussed. And authors＇ study results are summarized.     

Ni修饰氧化钛相变的紫外拉曼光谱研究

The Ni-modified TiO2 was synthesized using two methods including co-precipitation(Ni doped TiO2, Ni-TiO2) and wet impregnation(Ni loaded TiO2, Ni/TiO2). The surface and bulk crystalline phases of Ni-modified TiO2 were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD), UV Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and SEM. It is observed that Ni doping can promote the phase transition and grain size growth of TiO2. Moreover, the propagation of the rutile phase from the bulk into the surface region of TiO2 is increased when the Ni doping amount reaches up to 3%. However, in Ni/TiO2, it is found out that the surface and bulk phase transformation of TiO2 can be inhibited after impregnation of 1% of Ni on the TiO2. Compared with the co-precipitation method, Ni species may be more enriched in the surface of the Ni/TiO2 sample upon adoption of the impregnation method, and the direct contact of anatase particles of TiO2 is avoided. As a consequence, the phase transition in the surface and bulk region of TiO2 can be effectively inhibited by Ni loading. Additionally, the activity of the photocatalytic degradation of RhB on the 3Ni-TiO2-600 ℃ sample is higher than that on the 3 Ni/TiO2-600 ℃ sample. The phase junction formed between anatase and rutile in the surface region of 3Ni-TiO2-600 ℃ may the main reason for its high photocatalytic activity.     

Effect of 3-aminotriazole on the corrosion of copper in polluted and unpolluted media

The inhibition of copper corrosion in unpolluted or polluted 3.5% NaCl solution in the absence and presence of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole （ATA） as a corrosion inhibitor was studied by using different electrochemical techniques. Aminotriazole （ATA） is well known as corrosion inhibitor for corrosion of copper and aluminum in unpolluted salt water. The influence of 3-aminotriazole （ATA） on the corrosion behavior of copper in unpolluted and polluted environment has been studied using potentiodynamie and potentiostatic polarization methods. Surface morphological examinations such as SEM, EDS and XPS have also been carried out to understand the mechanism of inhibition of corrosion. Electrochemical measurements and morphological results are clearly show that the inhibitor is strongly adsorbed on the copper surface and form a protective film on the copper surface.     

减压渣油中氮化物的结构表征及其与焦化蜡油中氮化物的对比分析

In this study, the heteroatom classes and molecular structures of nitrogen compounds in vacuum residue arecharacterized by the electrospray ionization （ESI） Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICRMS） combined with the Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that three basic nitrogencompounds, N1 （in which a molecule contains one nitrogen atom, similarly hereinafter）, N1O1 and N2, are identified bytheir positive-ion mass spectra, and three non-basic nitrogen compounds, N1, N1O1, and N1S1, are characterized by theirnegative-ion mass spectra. Among these nitrogen compounds, the N1 class species are the most predominant. Combinedwith the data of ESI FT-ICR MS and FT-IR, the basic N1 class species are likely alkyl quinolines, naphthenic quinolines,acridines, benzonacridines, while the abundant non-basic N1 class species are derivatives of benzocarbazole. In comparisonwith CGO, the N1 basic nitrogen compounds in VR exhibit a higher average degree of condensation and have much longeralkyl side chains.     

Studies on the structure and microstructure of lead strontium titanate thin films

Pb1-xSrxTiO3 （0≤x≤0.9） thin films on Si （100） substrate were prepared by the sol-gel process and their characteristics were investigated as a function of strontium content（x）. With increasing of the strontium content, the tetragonality （c/a） was slightly decreased, the splitting peaks become less prominent and the splitting peaks tend to merge into a single peak. Furthermore, the grain size of the films was systematically reduced with the increase in strontium content.