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基于一台高压直喷汽油机,将汽油直喷喷射器替换为氢气直喷喷射器,试验研究了发动机燃用氢气与汽油时的燃烧和排放特性差异。采用空气稀释,进一步分析了氢气发动机稀薄燃烧模式下热效率提升潜力及氮氧化物排放特性,明确了氢气燃料对发动机燃烧及污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明,当量燃烧模式下,相比汽油发动机,氢气发动机的燃烧持续期明显缩短,有效热效率降低,NOx排放升高,CO及总碳氢(total hydrocarbon, THC)排放显著降低。提高氢气发动机的过量空气系数有助于改善有效热效率。在中等负荷工况下,过量空气系数为2.7时有效热效率可达43.5%。增大过量空气系数,氢气发动机能够在保持较高燃烧稳定性的情况下显著降低NOx排放。在低负荷工况下,当过量空气系数大于2.3时NOx排放最低可降低至44×10-6。 相似文献
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LPG小型点燃式发动机怠速工况下微粒排放特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了LPG点燃式发动机在怠速工况下的微粒排放特性,试验在一台电控单缸机上进行。通过在不同混合气过量空气系数下的试验,发现理论空燃比附近微粒的排放量最少;在混合气浓区的微粒排放随着过量空气系数变小而增多;在混合气稀区的微粒排放随过量空气系数增大也略有增加。微粒的排放随点火提前角的推迟有先减小后增加的趋势。随转速的增加,粒径峰值逐渐向粒径增大变化。怠速工况下的微粒粒径主要集中在(23.7~133)nm。颗粒物排放浓度与HC排放的浓度在趋势上有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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柴油引燃式天然气发动机最佳引燃柴油量及过量空气系数浓限、稀限的研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
以气口顺序喷射、全电控、柴油引燃天然气发动机为实验发动机,对柴油引燃天然气发动机的最佳引燃柴油量及过量空气系数的浓限、稀限进行了研究。研究发现:对于柴油引燃天燃气发动机的不同运行工况,存在相应的最佳引燃柴油量;最佳引燃柴油量并非越小(或天然气替代率越高)越好,在较小的引燃柴油量下,存在一个对碳烟排放不敏感的引燃柴油量;在这个不敏感的引燃柴油量范围内,适当增加引燃柴油量可以使天然气/空气混合气工作在较稀的过量空气系数下,降低NOx排放。通过实验得到了天然气/空气混合气过量空气系数的浓限、稀限,指出过量空气系数浓限是由NOx的排放标准所决定的,稀限则是由碳烟、HC、CO排放标准所决定的。 相似文献
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天然气加氢改性对柴油引燃气体发动机排放特性和经济性影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在分析柴油/CNG双燃料发动机高THC排放来源的基础上,首次提出“柴油/CNG双燃料发动机加氢燃烧”的概念.利用氢燃烧速度快,燃烧界限宽,比热值小,淬熄长度长等特点,改善气体燃料的燃烧特性,达到降低THC排放的目的.试验中,在ZH1115单缸直喷柴油机的进气口加装电控喷气阀,实现了CNG和氢气的可控比例气口喷射,并且在这台发动机上进行了纯柴油、双燃料(柴油/CNG)和双燃料加氢的比较试验.研究了加氢对柴油/CNG双燃料发动机排放特性和经济性能的影响.研究表明,双燃料加氢后可以缩短滞燃期和燃烧持续期,明显改善柴油/CNG双燃料发动机的THC和CO排放,提高发动机的经济性. 相似文献
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《内燃机学报》2015,(4)
通过一台柴油机改装的高压缩比(17.5)进气道喷射点燃式甲醇发动机,研究了废气再循环(EGR)和过量空气系数协同控制对甲醇发动机部分负荷经济性和排放性能的影响.结果表明:负荷越小,协同调节范围越宽,节油潜能越大,在1,400,r/min、50%,负荷时,甲醇消耗率降低幅值最大可达13.1%,,25%,负荷时甲醇消耗率最大可降低26.6%,;EGR率小于20%,或过量空气系数小于1.4时,协同控制对缸压峰值的影响较明显;当过量空气系数大于1.4后,甲醇发动机燃烧持续期急剧增加,循环变动迅速变大;与无外部EGR、过量空气系数为1相比较,合理利用EGR和过量空气系数协同控制,可以保证HC、CO排放值增幅不大且能有效降低NOx,甚至实现NOx的"零"排放. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(8):5309-5325
The effect of excess air ratio (λ) and ignition advance angle (θig) on the combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) on a 6-cylinder compressed natural gas (CNG) engine has been experimental studied in an engine test bench, aiming at enriching the sophisticated calibration of HCNG fueled engine and increasing the prediction accuracy of the SVM method on automobile engines. Three different fuel blends were selected for the experiment: 0%, 20% and 40% volumetric hydrogen blend ratios. It is noted that combustion intensity varies with the excess air ratio and the ignition advance angle, so are the emissions. The optimal value of λ or θig has been explored in the specific engine condition. Results show that blending hydrogen can enhance and advance the combustion and stability of CNG engine, and it also has some benefic influence on the emissions such as reducing the CO and CH4. Meanwhile, a simulation research on forecasting the engine performance by using the support vector machine (SVM) method was conducted in detail. The torque, brake specific fuel consumption and NOx emission have been selected to characterize the power, economic and emissions of the engine with various HCNG fuels, respectively. It can be seen that the optimal model built by the SVM method can highly describe the relationship of the engine properties and condition parameters, since the value of the complex correlation coefficient is larger than 0.97. Secondly, the prediction performance of the optimal model for torque or BSFC is much better than the case of NOx. Besides, the optimal model built by the PSO optimization method has the best prediction accuracy, and the accuracy of the model obtained based on the training group with 20% hydrogen blend ratio is the best compared with those of others. The upshots in this article provide experimental support and theoretical basis for the adoption of HCNG fuel on internal combustion engines as well as the application of intelligent algorithmic in the engine calibration technology field. 相似文献
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Sunyoup Lee Changgi KimYoung Choi Gihun LimCheolwoong Park 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
The idle performance of an 11-L, 6-cylinder engine equipped with a turbocharger and an intercooler was investigated for both compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen-blended CNG (HCNG) fuels. HCNG, composed of 70% CNG and 30% hydrogen in volume, was used not only because it ensured a sufficient travel distance for each fueling, but also because it was the optimal blending rate to satisfy EURO-6 emission regulation according to the authors' previous studies. The engine test results demonstrate that the use of HCNG enhanced idle combustion stability and extended the lean operational limit from excess air ratio (λ) = 1.5 (CNG) to 1.6. A decrease of more than 25% in the fuel consumption rate was achieved in HCNG idle operations compared to CNG. Total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions decreased when fueled with HCNG at idle because of the low carbon content and enhanced combustion characteristics. In particular, despite hydrogen enrichment, less nitrogen oxides (NOx) were emitted with HCNG operations because the amount of fuel supplied for a stable idle was lower than with CNG operations, which eventually induced lower peak in-cylinder combustion temperature. This low HCNG fuel quantity in idle condition also induced a continuous decrease in NOx emissions with an increase in λ. The idle engine test results also indicate that cold-start performance can deteriorate owing to low exhaust gas temperature, when fueled with HCNG. Therefore, potential solutions were discussed, including combustion strategies such as retardation of spark ignition timing combined with leaner air/fuel ratios. 相似文献
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混合器结构对保证天然气与空气的混合以及两者的流量满足合适的比例有着重要影响.通过理论计算分析,得出满足天然气发动机正常工作的混合器喉口直径与燃气孔直径的关系.根据发动机过量空气系数与平均有效压力关系,针对某发动机进行了混合器管路的结构设计.结合整机实验进行空燃比测试,验证了混合器设计的合理性. 相似文献
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选择满足国六排放标准的天然气发动机,用全流稀释排放设备采集了发动机常用工况的排放数据并分析了发动机过量空气系数、催化器温度及发动机尾气中CO、NO x等污染物体积浓度对NH 3排放的影响并提出控制NH 3排放的方法。研究结果表明:当发动机过量空气系数大于0.965时,发动机尾气中NH 3的排放随过量空气系数增大而逐渐降低;发动机尾气排放污染物CO对NH 3的排放量影响较大,在一定范围内CO的体积浓度与NH 3的排放量成正相关,但是NO x的体积浓度与NH 3的排放量没有明显的对应关系。另外,三元催化器(three way catalyst,TWC)包裹保温材料后,发动机尾气中NH 3的排放随着催化器温度的升高而降低。在3种控制天然气发动机尾气中NH 3排放的技术中,当前建议选择两级式TWC技术方案对天然气发动机NH 3排放进行控制处理,待逃逸氨催化器(ammonia slip catalyst,ASC)适应天然气发动机发展后,TWC+ASC可以成为良好的排放控制技术方案。 相似文献
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从理论上分析了影响电控顺序喷射CNG发动机喷射定时的因素及其影响特点。建立了CNG发动机试验台架并确定了进行喷射定时试验的方法。在两个转速和三种负荷工况下进行了喷射定时试验。分析了喷射定时对单燃料CNG发动机动力性、经济性以及排放性能的影响,验证了发动机转速和喷射脉宽对于喷射定时的影响特点,得出了CNG发动机各工况下喷射定时调整的方向和大致范围。 相似文献
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Ahmet Alper Yontar Yahya Doğu 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2018,40(18):2176-2192
Compared to widening usage of CNG in commercial gasoline engines, insufficient but increasing number of studies have appeared in open literature during last decades while engine characteristics need to be quantified in exact numbers for each specific fuel converted engine. In this study, a dual sequential spark ignition engine (Honda L13A4 i-DSI) is tested separately either with gasoline or CNG at wide open throttle. This specific engine has unique features of dual sequential ignition with variable timing, asymmetrical combustion chamber, and diagonally positioned dual spark-plug. Thus, the engine led some important engine technologies of VTEC and VVT. Tests are performed by varying the engine speed from 1500 rpm to 4000 rpm with an increment of 500 rpm. The engine’s maximum torque speed of 2800 rpm is also tested. For gasoline and CNG fuels, engine performance (brake torque, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake mean effective pressure), emissions (O2, CO2, CO, HC, NOx, and lambda), and the exhaust gas temperature are evaluated. In addition, numerical engine analyses are performed by constructing a 1-D model for the entire test rig and the engine by using Ricardo-Wave software. In the 1-D engine model, same test parameters are analyzed, and same test outputs are calculated. Thus, the test and the 1-D engine model are employed to quantify the effects of gasoline and CNG fuels on the engine performance and emissions for a unique engine. In general, all test and model results show similar and close trends. Results for the tested commercial engine show that CNG operation decreases the brake torque (12.7%), the brake power (12.4%), the brake mean effective pressure (12.8%), the brake specific fuel consumption (16.5%), the CO2 emission (12.1%), the CO emission (89.7%). The HC emission for CNG is much lower than gasoline. The O2 emission for CNG is approximately 55.4% higher than gasoline. The NOx emission for CNG at high speeds is higher than gasoline. The variation percentages are the averages of the considered speed range from 1500 rpm to 4000 rpm. 相似文献
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Cheolwoong Park Sungwon Lee Gihun Lim Young Choi Changgi Kim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2013
Compressed natural gas (CNG) buses were adopted in urban areas as a promising alternative to diesel buses, which emitted plenty of harmful emissions. Although CNG can meet the current emission standards, satisfying the requirements of the next EURO-VI emission regulation without an additional peripheral device may be impossible. The use of a hydrogen-compressed natural gas (HCNG) blend can help achieve a reduction in automotive exhaust emissions as well as prepare for an upcoming hydrogen economy through the construction of hydrogen infrastructure. Moreover, an HCNG engine has higher thermal efficiency than a CNG engine, producing lesser harmful emissions. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(63):32261-32272
To investigate the property of the promising and eco-friendly hydrogen-fueled rotary engine, the effect of excess air ratio on the combustion and emission characteristic of it was explored by experiment. The test was conducted under 1500 rpm and 5 CAD ADTC ignition timing. The test results demonstrated that with the decrease of excess air ratio from 2 to 0.85, the thermal efficiency of the hydrogen-fueled rotary engine increases first and then decreases. Besides, increasing MAP is beneficial to improve thermal efficiency. Among the tested condition, the highest brake thermal efficiency is realized when the rotary engine operates at 1.4 excess air ratio and 88 kPa MAP, about 18.34%. And the excellent HC and NO emissions can be obtained at the highest efficiency point. Besides, with the decrease of excess air ratio and the increase of load, the stability and flame development period gradually decrease. With a decreased excess air ratio, the flame propagation period decrease first and then increases, whereas work capacity and thermal efficiency increase first and then decrease. For NO emission, it will increase sharply near the equivalent ratio and gradually decrease after rich combustion. Also, according to the analytical model, it is found that the power performance of the rotary engine depends on the trade-off relationship of in-cylinder pressure and its angle of action. 相似文献
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Potential and knocking characteristics of a hydrogen-natural gas blend (HCNG) engine with a high compression ratio were examined from a commercial viewpoint since lean combustion with HCNG under a wide-open throttle (WOT) condition requires a high-charging-capacity turbocharger. Supercharging of intake air to extend the lean limit was investigated for a turbocharged, heavy-duty natural gas-fueled engine. Effects of compression ratio changes on fuel economy were assessed in terms of thermal efficiency and torque characteristics. Extension of the lean limit to an excess air ratio of 1.8 for an HCNG engine under WOT conditions is realizable using a supplementary supercharging system. Thermal efficiency improvement at high compression ratios is reduced under relatively rich mixture conditions because spark timing is retarded to avoid knocking. The excess air ratio corresponding to maximum thermal efficiency decreases to 1.6 for an HCNG engine due to the decrease in exhaust gas energy for intake-air charging. 相似文献