基于基图像TV模型的CT射束硬化校正方法

X射线CT中,X射束硬化导致重建图像中出现伪影,严重影响了图像质量。论文深入分析了射束硬化对原始投影数据的影响,并提出了一种基于基图像TV模型的射束硬化校正方法。该方法首先依据射束硬化的物理特征建立了带有可调参数的初步校正模型;其次,在不同的可调参数条件下,原始投影数据经该模型预处理变换得到多组预处理投影序列;再次,分别对预处理投影序列进行重建得到一系列校正基图像;最后,将基图像的线性组合作为最终重建图像。其中,加权系数的最优解是以最终重建图像的全变分(Total Variation,TV)函数作为目标函数,通过迭代法求得。为验证该算法,对真实的铝柱体模和工业检测件进行了实验,结果表明,该算法对射束硬化引起的杯状和条状伪影均有显著的抑制效果。     

测量中的非线性对集装箱CT重建图像的影响

采用平板校正法,以减弱由于测量中非线性因素的影响使集装箱CT成像产生的伪影.在具体的实验过程中,通过对大尺寸样品投影数据的校正,明显减少了重建图像的伪影.因此,利用该方法可以改善由于测量中的非线性影响所产生的CT重建图像的伪影,从而提高重建图像的质量.     

测量中的非线性对集装箱CT重建图像的影响

采用平板校正法,以减弱由于测量中非线性因素的影响使集装箱CT成像产生的伪影。在具体的实验过程中,通过对大尺寸样品投影数据的校正,明显减少了重建图像的伪影。因此,利用该方法可以改善由于测量中的非线性影响所产生的CT重建图像的伪影．从而提高重建图像的质量。     

大型工业CT中X射线硬化校正的一种方案

介绍了大型工业CT的一种多色X射线硬化校正方法。该方法利用一个标准函数将多色投影值转化为单色投影值。定义了一些参数来证明该方法适用于大型工业CT的硬化校正,并对参数进行了优化。通过模拟实验,这种校正方法在不需要先验知识,使用单色重建算法的前提下,仍能大大减小CT重建图像的硬化伪像。     

基于Wiener滤波的反投影图像重建算法

CT是一种先进的成像技术,投影重建图像为关键技术之一,目前CT图像重建算法多采用滤波反投影针对投影数据不足所产生伪影的问题,经分析伪影产生的原因后,提出了一种基于Wiener滤波与反投算法。算法利用Wiener滤波对传统的滤波反投影图像重建算法进行改影图像重建算法相结合的新图像重建算法,该克服重建图像伪影。通过对典型流型进行实验仿真,证明改进后的算法对重建图像的质量有明进,能较好地显改善。     

工业CT中探测器失效伪影的校正

在工业CT的扫描重建过程中，如果出现探测器失效的情况，重建图像中会出现严重的伪影，必须进行校正。如果用插值方法得到失效探测器数据，会引进不真实数据，而只用滤波方法处理图像，则不能完全消除伪影。本文提出了一种用结合中值滤波的Ordered Subsets Convex方法对探测器失效伪影进行校正，在校正速度和质量上都得到了较好的校正效果。     

全帧CCD探测器CT扫描数据读出与拖影校正研究

以光纤耦合全帧CCD方式制作的X射线探测器在实验室高精度X射线CT扫描中广泛应用。由于X射线的强穿透特性,全帧CCD探测器通常工作在无快门模式,图像拖影是该模式下必定存在的伪影。本文针对全帧CCD探测器CT扫描图像拖影校正进行研究,提出了非曝光行校正法校正投影图像拖影,避免了利用暗像元校正法校正投影图像拖影时可能会带来的条形伪影;针对动态曝光CT扫描,设计了基于辐射屏蔽的投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式,通过降低电荷转移时间有效抑制投影图像拖影的产生,提高探测器有效信号动态范围。实验结果表明：应用非曝光行校正法能有效校正投影图像拖影、提高投影图像质量;采用投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式可有效解决动态曝光CT扫描图像拖影校正难题。     

工业CT教学实验仪图像重建的设计

工业CT教学实验仪被应用于物理和放射医学专业的教学,图像重建是教学实验仪软件的重要组成部分.论文阐述了CT的物理原理和第一代CT重建算法,描述了工业CT教学实验仪的扫描过程;分析了旋转中心偏移的伪影,实现了中心偏移校正方法,设计了图像重建软件,实际应用表明此软件重建图像清晰质量较高.     

HLCC法定量评价CBCT图像伪影

为解决CBCT图像评价标准不一问题,本文提出了一种基于HLCC的CBCT图像伪影定量评价方法。该方法通过CUDA模拟CBCT投影,然后用重排算法转换射束获得HLCC曲线,建立三个评价伪影严重程度的定量指标。实验结果表明:定量指标数值越小,表明图像伪影程度越轻,且带伪影的HLCC曲线的三个评价指标数值是不带伪影数值的4~846倍。图像伪影的主次关系可总结为:散射伪影射束硬化伪影几何伪影余晖伪影无伪影。该方法可在投影阶段客观判断图像伪影的严重程度,简单快捷。     

X射线CT成像条状伪影校正

X射线CT成像过程中,由光子饥饿引起的CT图像中的条状伪影退化了CT图像的质量,增大了CT图像的数值统计误差,进而影响到材料探测结果。本文提出了一种基于自适应中值滤波的条状伪影校正方法,该方法依据投影数据的幅值自适应地设定滤波的窗口尺寸。针对多个相邻探元处于光子饥饿状态的情况,设定了阈值,判断中值滤波后的投影信号幅值是否处于阈值之下,否则继续扩大滤波窗口,直至满足阈值判断准则。本文通过实验验证了方法的有效性,该方法简单易行,适于实际工程应用。     

CT image correction for beam hardening using simulated projectiondata

A general beam-hardening correction technique is presented. Knowledge of the CT (computerized tomography) scanner X-ray spectrum is necessary. This postreconstruction method does not require the original projection data. Simulated projections through an uncorrected reconstructed image are used to correct for beam hardening. Errors in the mean linear attenuation coefficient are decreased from 30% to 5% with virtual elimination of the visual streaking artifact. The theoretical image improvement equals that of projection linearization postreconstruction methods using the original projection data. The correction is limited to cases where the material causing the beam hardening is contained within the reconstruction space     

基于SART算法的CL硬化伪影校正方法研究

X射线薄板层析成像(CL)系统是一种针对板状构件的新型断层成像系统,该系统中存在射束硬化现象。本工作研究了一种基于SART算法的硬化伪影校正算法（SART-BHC算法）,通过对该算法的研究及对CL系统矩阵的计算,使该方法能应用于CL中。通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,利用蒙特卡罗方法获得CL投影的模拟数据,在实际CL中获得实验数据,然后利用SART-BHC与FPB算法对两种数据分别重建。结果表明,SART-BHC算法可应用于CL中,不需要任何先验知识,能很好地校正硬化伪影,并对层间混叠有抑制作用。     

A simulation study on the influence of scattered X-rays in energy-resolved computed tomography

In computed tomography (CT), scattered X-rays are known to cause image quality degradation including low contrast and poor uniformity. Energy-resolved CT (ERCT) is a specialized imaging method that utilizes the measured energy distribution and intensity of detected X-rays when creating images. The influence of scatter in ERCT is expected to differ from conventional CT, which only relies on energy (charge) integration during detection. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with different X-ray beam qualities and contrast agents to determine the influence of scatter on ERCT images. The simulation geometry included a 16 cm diameter cylindrical polymethylmethacrylate phantom containing a 1 cm diameter region filled with iodine or gold contrast agent solution at the center. A detector array collected the photon energy, position, and number of scattering. The image contrast and scatter artifact in the simulated ERCT images were compared as a function of photon energy range. Results show that the scatter artifact in ERCT is correlated to energy and is affected by the beam hardness. Care should be taken while obtaining ERCT images in the low-energy region, specifically near the K-edge of iodine.     

放射源192Ir在箱包安全检查设备中的应用

在箱包安全检查设备中使用192Ir作为辐射源,与用X光作为辐射源相比,它具有穿透力强、成本低以及辐射稳定等优势;另对放射源192Ir射线在箱包安全检查设备中的能量硬化和散射影响进行了分析。该系统CT断层扫描图像的密度分辨率小于2%,为今后进一步进行自动物性判别研究提供了理论基础。     

由相叠的低分辨扇形束投影数据重建高分辨CT图像

在研究扇形束插值代数重建法基础上，提出了由相叠的低分辨扇形束投影数据重建高分辨CT图像的两个新算法，即扇形束的虚拟探测器法和扇形束的直接重建法，并给出和分析了数值模拟结果。     

A New Approach to the Fan Beam Geometry Image Reconstruction for a CT Scanner

A new derivation of the fan beam geometry image reconstruction formula for CT scanners has been made in this paper. Moreover there are two points discussed here in order to develop fast algorithms based upon this formula. First is to establish a principle of filterered back-projection algorithm for fan beam geometry which enables us to use FFT algorithm. Second is to develop a fast algorithm for fan back-projection process. With these algorithms, the fan beam image reconstruction time to compute can be made comparable with the filtered back-projection algorithm for the parallel beam geometry image reconstruction.     

192Ir CT箱包安检系统中射线的能量硬化和散射

本工作对¹⁹²IrCT箱包安检系统的射线能量硬化和散射进行实际测量和Monte-Carlo模拟计算，对该系统的能量硬化和散射影响予以定量分析，并提供CT图像重建校正的依据和方法。测量与计算结果表明，射线在吸收体中能量硬化的影响大于散射的影响。     

Compressed sensing and Otsu’s method based binary CT image reconstruction technique in non-destructive detection

This paper tries to address the problem of binary CT image reconstruction in non-destructive detection with an algorithm based on compressed sensing(CS) and Otsu's method, which could reconstruct binary CT image of test object from incomplete detection data. According to binary CT image characteristics, we employ Splitbregman method based on L1/2regularization to solve piecewise constant region reconstruction. To improve the reconstructed image quality from incomplete detection data, we utilize a priori knowledge and Otsu's method as the optimization constraint. In our study, we make numerical simulation to investigate our proposed method,and compare reconstructed results from different reconstruction methods. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could effectively reduce noise and suppress artifacts, and reconstruct high-quality binary image from incomplete detection data.