刚性悬挂接触网/受电弓系统动力分析

建立刚性悬挂接触网的自由振动有限元模型,计算其固有频率和振型.再通过受电弓与接触网间的接触力,建立弓网系统相互耦合的动力方程.用振型叠加法将以弓网系统的各个节点位移位为未知量的动力方程简化为以十个广义坐标和三个受电弓的质量块的位移为未知量的非线性方程.随着机车的行进,不断的改变弓网系统的刚度矩阵,运用Wilson-θ法,求解弓网系统的动力响应.最后对列车、接触网受电弓的各因素对受流的影响进行了分析.     

高速列车受电弓空气动力学对弓网受流的影响

为了研究高速列车弓网受流特性,考虑受电弓平均稳态与非稳态气动力影响,基于受电弓的非稳态空气动力学模型,采用均匀来流假设,运用计算流体力学(CFD)方法得到受电弓各部件的气动升阻力.将非稳态气动力时间平均,得到平均稳态气动力,并将具有一定脉动的受电弓非稳态气动力及平均稳态气动力分别加载至弓网动力学模型中,对比了2种气动力加载情形下弓网动力学. 仿真结果表明:在受电弓三质量块模型下,受电弓平均稳态与非稳态空气动力学对弓网受流的影响差别不大.进一步从受电弓非稳态气动力激励的振幅与频率两方面研究了其对弓网受流的影响,当外部激励振幅较大或频率与弓网系统频率接近时,弓网受流特性会受到显著影响.研究结果为将来考虑非均匀来流、横风等复杂气动条件下的弓网受流特性研究提供了基础.     

我国攻克高铁接触网系统技术难题

<正>中国铁建电气化局集团有限公司参与完成的"基于耦合动力学的高速铁路接触网/受电弓系统技术创新及应用"项目获得了2016年国家科学技术进步奖二等奖。该项目创建了时速350km多弓受流国际高速接触网悬挂的标准形式,创造性地解决了1950mm宽弓制式下无交分线岔、六跨高速短分相和世界第一大跨距(95m)等世界性工程技术难题,全面实现了我国时速200km~350km接触网及受电弓成     

一种非线性弓网动态仿真方法的建立与验证

欧洲标准EN50318用于对弓网动态相互作用的仿真方法的准确性做出评价验证.基于有限单元理论建立了一种弓网相互作用的仿真方法.通过建立非线性三质量块受电弓模型和接触网模型,设置接触单元,建立受电弓/接触网耦合模型,并采用Newmark方法求解.依照EN50318的流程,对该方法的准确性进行验证.对多种接触网类型、拉力组合、跨距、受电弓类型等不同参数组合的仿真,该方法仿真结果与通过EN50318标准验证的Siemens仿真系统和CATMOS(R)仿真系统的结果一致,证明了该仿真方法的有效性.     

京广铁路干线受电弓掉块试验研究

从实际试验出发,阐述了在目前电气化铁路弓网系统中,对弓网保护装置所起作用的一种验证方法,同时构思和设计了一种新型的受电弓滑板掉块控制系统,并介绍了一次国内少有的、在繁忙主干线上控制受电弓滑板掉块造成人为弓网关系再现的真实过程,为进一步开展弓网保护系统研究提供参考.     

纯电动铲运机弓网续能系统设计与动态特性仿真

为能给纯电动铲运机充电续能,提出了一种弓网续能充电系统。根据10 t级纯电动铲运机受电弓动力学特征及受电弓与巷道之间的工作条件设计了包括弓网各部件结构、弓头运动轨迹、升弓角及平衡杆转角等弓网续能系统参数。基于建立的受电弓动力学计算模型,结合多目标优化算法设计出纯电动铲运机专用受电弓,基于非线性有限元理论建立了纯电动铲运机弓网续能系统有限元模型,通过MARC软件对弓网续能系统受流情况进行了动态特性仿真和验证分析。结果表明:本弓网续能系统能在保证纯电动铲运机安全运行的前提下仅需12.5 s完成纯电动铲运机续能充电,提高了纯电动铲运机运行作业效率,具有很强的推广性。     

基于DSP受电弓动态调整及其受流状况检测方法研究

本文提出一种用于电力机车运行实验检测系统,它是以DSP为核心的在检测弓网动态接触力的同时会对其进行实时调整,并会全程记录下受电弓的受流质量,这可以为以后确定接触网需要检修的位置提供依据。在本文中将介绍这一实验检测系统的设计方法过程。     

论地铁接触网中弓网磨耗的原因

因为城市人口密集、经济发达、交通便利,地铁分布广泛.目前,地铁的地下线路均采用架空刚性接触网,地上线路基本选用架空柔性接触网,这两种接触网都存在一定的利弊,刚性接触网的弹性比较差,导致局部接触线容易被磨耗,柔性接触网的弹性比较好,但是由于线路设计不合理,非支抬高不够等因素的影响,电工羊角容易受到磨损.本文将以某市地铁一号线为例浅谈地铁接触网中弓网磨耗的原因,分析弓网出现磨耗的影响,并提出个人见解,希望可以为延长弓网的寿命、维护地铁安全提供帮助.     

受电弓保护装置与自适应弓头的研究

列举了影响弓网系统安全运行的几项重要因素;介绍在运营机车上试验安装的受电弓防刮弓保护装置,以及因该装置所产生的提高受流质量的新技术——自适应弓头系统;提出了两个系统整合的创新点。     

基于等温弹流润滑理论的滚珠丝杠副摩擦机理研究

针对滚珠丝杠副在低转速状态存在混合润滑导致丝杠滚道加速磨损的问题,基于等温弹流润滑理论建立了滚珠丝杠副弹流润滑接触模型研究滚珠与滚道间的摩擦机理和磨损形式.首先基于Frenet-Serret坐标转换方法建立丝杠与螺母的滚道曲面几何模型.其次基于Reynolds方程建立了滚珠丝杠副弹流润滑接触模型,求解了润滑油膜接触压力分布、油膜厚度分布和微凸体接触压力分布.最后从微观角度阐明了滚珠丝杠副的摩擦机理,其摩擦因数由微凸体接触摩擦因数和油膜润滑摩擦因数组成.实验结果表明：在低转速阶段丝杠滚道的磨损方式为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,且模拟的摩擦因数曲线趋势和经典的Stribeck摩擦曲线趋势吻合较好,根据实测摩擦力矩准确识别了不同转速下滚珠丝杠副的摩擦因数和润滑状态.     

Output feedback control of pantograph–catenary system with adaptive estimation of catenary parameters

With the increasing railway vehicle speed, pantograph–catenary (PAC) system has become an important part as its incidents still stand among the principal causes of railway traffic interruption. Indeed, when a rail vehicle moves, the pantograph should constantly press against the underside of the catenary. Nonetheless, it is difficult to get around the complexity of the physical interaction between the pantograph and the contact wire, which could deteriorate the quality of the electricity transfer. Thus, PAC system performances could dramatically be reduced because of bad current collection. Therefore, in this paper, we present an output feedback solution in order to design an active control of PAC system. The proposed solution is based on the backstepping control and an adaptive observer that estimates both the (unknown) catenary parameters and the system state. All synthesis steps are given and the closed-loop analysis shows asymptotic tracking behavior regardless of the time-varying catenary stiffness. Furthermore, a numerical example shows that the PAC contact can be regulated with desired effect.

     

Geometry deviation effects of railway catenaries on pantograph–catenary interaction: a case study in Norwegian Railway System

This paper presents a non-contact measurement of the realistic catenary geometry deviation in the Norwegian railway network through a laser rangefinder. The random geometry deviation is included in the catenary model to investigate its effect on the pantograph–catenary interaction. The dispersion of the longitudinal deviation is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. A power spectrum density represents the vertical deviation in the contact wire. Based on the Monte Carlo method, several geometry deviation samples are generated and included in the catenary model. A lumped mass pantograph with flexible collectors is employed to reproduce the high-frequency behaviours. The stochastic analysis results indicate that the catenary geometry deviation causes a significant dispersion of the pantograph–catenary interaction response. The contact force standard deviations measured by the inspection vehicle are within the scope of the simulation results. A critical cut-off frequency that covers 1/16 of the dropper interval is suggested to fully describe the effect of the catenary geometry deviation on the contact force. The statistical minimum contact force is recommended to be modified according to the tolerant contact loss rate at high frequency. An unpleasant interaction performance of the pantograph–catenary can be expected at the catenary top speed when the random catenary geometry deviation is included.

     

机床滑动导轨副加速磨损退化试验建模与分析

为了分析机床滑动导轨副加速退化试验中的磨损机理,建立了滑动导轨副在实际工况下的受力变形模型并计算得到导轨接触面间的接触力.设计了加速磨损退化试验,并基于Archard模型建立了机床滑动导轨副实际工况下磨损计算模型,主要建立了床身导轨接触面磨损模型.基于理论模型,采用加大滑动导轨负载力水平的方法,对加速磨损退化试验中的滑动导轨床身导轨接触面的磨损量和磨损曲线进行预测.结果表明:该模型可较好地指导实际的加速磨损退化试验参数设计和根据高负载下试验获得的床身导轨磨损量预测工作负载下的磨损.     

燃机端面齿微动磨损分析及数值仿真

运用Archard磨损定律以及接触力学理论,研究了燃机端面齿楔形接触面在不同交变载荷力作用下接触面接触压力、接触宽度、间隙量、滑移量等接触特征参数随磨损过程的变化发展规律.结果表明,接触齿面的磨损是由于接触面间反复的相对滑动、磨损导致了接触面几何形貌以及接触压力的改变,这些因素又反过来影响磨损过程.各参数具有时间依赖性...     

组合模型对受电弓横风气动特性的影响

针对受电弓-接触网和受电弓-接触网-列车2种组合模型,基于三维可压缩流动的纳维-斯托克斯(N-S)动量方程,采用剪切压力传输(SST k-ω)湍流模式和有限体积法,对2种组合模型中的受电弓在不同横风条件下的气动特性进行了数值模拟和对比分析,并讨论横风风速对受电弓气动载荷的影响,采用量纲分析方法,建立受电弓气动力、力矩系数与横风风速、风向角之间的关系表达式.结果表明：与不考虑列车车体的情况相比,车体的存在改变了受电弓绕流场特性,且对受电弓的气动阻力、升力和俯仰力矩的变化规律产生显著影响,对侧向力、倾覆力矩和侧偏力矩的影响相对较小.研究结果可为横风条件下高速列车受电弓的运行安全性及优化设计提供一定的依据.     

盖封密封磨损-热-应力耦合模拟与优化设计

在无油润滑工况下,密封面磨损是导致密封件性能降低及寿命丧失的关键因素. 结合有限元技术,基于修正的Archard磨损模型,建立盖封（CL）密封过程中密封件和活塞杆间的磨损-热-应力耦合数值模拟方法,分析磨损过程中密封件性能与寿命的变化规律及介质压力对密封特性的影响;基于所建立的仿真模型,采用正交试验设计法,以密封件密封面上最大接触压力降幅最小及密封件寿命最长作为优化目标,对CL密封中C形密封圈关键结构参数进行优化设计,得到最优组合方案;利用斯特林发动机活塞杆密封性能试验平台对数值模拟方法进行验证,并对磨损后CL密封接触面磨损状况进行测量,检测结果与仿真模拟结果较为一致,优化后密封件密封性能及使用寿命得到了提高.     

Tribological Properties of Polyvinyl Mcohol Hydrogel Reinforced with Nanometer Hydroxy Apatite

As a potential artificial cartilage material,the friction and wear properties of nano-hydroxy apatite(HA)particles filled poly(vinyl alcohol)hydrogel(PVA-H)composites sliding against stainless steel disk under water lubrication condition were studied by using a four ball tester.The worn surfaces were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to determine the wear mechanisms.Experimental results show that filling HA to PVA-H will slightly increase the friction coefficient of composites with the increasing of HA content under water lubrication condition.Meanwhile,HA particles can greatly reduce the wear mass loss of the PVA-H composites and enhance the load carrying capacity,the wear loss of the 1 wt% HA reinforced PVA-H composites can be decreased by 30 percent under 2.0 MPa to 50 percent under 0.5 MPa contact pressure.We also found that 2 wt% HA content of composites increase the wear mass loss under the same condition.SEM examination shows that the worn surface of low HA containing(1 wt%)composites are much smoother than that of pure PVA-H or high HA containing(2 wt%)composites under 1.5 MPa contact pressure.It is also found that there are big hole and big reunited HA particles in the surface of 2 wt% HA containing composites,which leads to deterioration of the surface of samples under higher loads in water lubrication.These results may be useful in the tribological design of artificial articular cartilage material.     

Tribological Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Reinforced with Nanometer Hydroxy Apatite

As a potential artificial cartilage material, the friction and wear properties of nano-hydroxy apatite （HA） particles filled poly （vinyl alcohol） hydrogel （PVA-H） composites sliding against stainless steel disk under water lubrication condition were studied by using a four ball tester. The worn surfaces were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope （SEM） to determine the wear mechanisms. Experimental results show that filling HA to PVA-H will slightly increase the friction coefficient of composites with the increasing of HA content under water lubrication condition. Meanwhile, HA particles can greatly reduce the wear mass loss of the PVA-H composites and enhance the load carrying capacity, the wear loss of the 1 wt% HA reinforced PVA-H composites can be decreased by 30 percent under 2.0 MPa to 50 percent under 0.5 MPa contact pressure. We also found that 2 wt% HA content of composites increase the wear mass loss under the same condition. SEM examination shows that the worn surface of low HA containing （1 wt%） composites are much smoother than that of pure PVA-H or high HA containing （2 wt%） composites under 1.5 MPa contact pressure. It is also found that there are big hole and big reunited HA particles in the surface of 2 wt% HA containing composites, which leads to deterioration of the surface of samples under higher loads in water lubrication. These results may be useful in the tribological design of artificial articular cartilage material.